TECHNICAL MANUAL 2018 - Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd · Page 6 Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd-Technical Manual 0.0 – Preamble It is the aim of this Technical Manual to provide specifiers,

TECHNICAL MANUAL 2018

Version 1.0

E & O E

Page 2

Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd - Technical Manual

E & O E

Page 3


Contents

0.0 – Preamble 6 0.1 – The Partial Safety Factor Concept 6

1.0 – Fixing Boards to Steel and Timber Substrates in Internal and External Applications 7

1.1 – Standard Plasterboards 8

1.2 – Performance Plasterboards 9

1.3 – Calcium Silicate Boards 10

1.4 – Gypsum Fibre Boards 11

1.5 – Vermiculite Boards 12 1.6 – Cementitious Boards 13

2.0 – Fixing Rigid PIR/PUR Insulation Panels to Steel, Timber and Concrete Substrates 14

3.0 – Fixing Board, Timber and Metal Parts to Metallic Substrates (Structural Framing System, etc) 15

4.0 – Product Technical Information 16

4.1 – Drywall and Board Fixing Screws 174.1.1 – Fine Threaded Drywall Screws 174.1.1.1 – Sharp Pointed 184.1.1.2 – Self Drilling 214.1.2 – Coarse Threaded Drywall Screws 244.1.2.1 – Sharp Pointed 25

4.2 – Specialist Board Fixing Screws 284.2.1 – Reverse Threaded Interior Finishing Screws 284.2.1.1 – Steel Substrates 284.2.1.2 – Timber Substrates 304.2.2 – Reduced Diameter Head Tough/ Dense Board Screw 324.2.2.1 – Coarse Threaded 324.2.2.2 – Hybrid “Hi-Lo” Threaded 344.2.3 – Cementitious Board Screws 364.2.3.1 – Organic Coated 364.2.3.2 – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel 38

Page 4


4.3 – Fixing Plasterboards, Sheathing Boards or Timber to Structural Framing Systems 404.3.1 – Organic Coated 414.3.2 - Bi-Metal Stainless Steel 44

4.4 – Fixing Metal Components to Structural Framing Systems 474.4.1 – Low Profile Headed Screws and Stitching Screws 474.4.1.1 – Organic Coated 484.4.1.2 – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel 514.4.2 - Hexagonal Headed Screws 534.4.2.1 – Organic Coated 544.4.2.2 – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel 584.4.2.2.1 – AISI 304/ A2 Grade Stainless Steel 584.4.2.2.2 – AISI 316/ A4 Grade Stainless Steel 61

4.5 – Fixing Insulation Components to Structural Framing Systems or Timber Framing 634.5.1 – Fixing Composite Panels to Structural Framing Systems 644.5.1.1 – Organic Coated 644.5.1.2 – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel 674.5.1.2.1 – AISI 304/ A2 Grade Stainless Steel 674.5.1.2.2 – AISI 316/ A4 Grade Stainless Steel 704.5.2 – Fixing Rigid PIR/PUR Panels to Structural Framing Systems or Timber Frames 724.5.3 – Washers for Use in Conjunction with Insulation Screws (as per 4.5.2) 76

5.0 – Installation Procedures 795.1 – Drywall/ Renderboard/ Wood Screws 795.2 – Metal Fixing Screws 805.3 – Masonry and Concrete Fixings 81

6.0 – Introductory Notes to the Design of Fasteners 826.1 – Head style 826.2 – Recess Type 836.3 – Thread type 836.4 – Point Type 84

7.0 – Introductory Notes on Common Fixture Materials 857.1.1 – Standard Plasterboard 857.1.2 – Gypsum Plaster 867.1.3 – Lime Plaster 877.1.4 – Cement plaster 887.2 – Specialist Boards 897.3 – Insulation 91

8.0 – Introductory Notes on Common Substrates 928.1 – Metallic substrates 928.2 – Timber Substrates 93

Page 5


9.0 – Introductory Notes on Regulations Pertaining to Evolution Products 949.1 – Regulation of Structural Design 949.1.1 – Eurocodes 949.1.2 – Construction Design and Management Regulations 95

9.2 – Regulation of Fastener Design 979.2.1 – European Regulation No. 305/ 2011 (The Construction Products Regulations) 979.2.1.1 – The CE Mark 989.2.1.2 – Attestation of Conformity 98

9.3 – Building Regulations 999.3.1 – Approved documents 999.3.2 – Procedure 1019.3.3 – Scotland 1029.3.4 – Wales 1029.3.5 – Northern Ireland 102

10.0 – Appendices 10310.1 – Conversion of Imperial Wire Gauge to Metric Diameters 10310.2 – Standard Electrogalvanic Series of Dissimilar Metals in an Electrolyte 104

Page 6


0.0 – Preamble

It is the aim of this Technical Manual to provide specifiers, end users and other interested parties asimple guide to aid them in the specification and use of Evolution Fasteners products.

The following sections will show “fixings finders” which direct the reader to a product page. On eachproduct page the reader will find the technical data for the relevant product as well as the best practicemethod for the installation of the fasteners. Whilst every effort was undertaken to include allcommercially available boards, panels and materials used in the UK market, some may have beenoverlooked. In such cases, you should contact the Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd Technical Departmentfor further information.

Further into this Technical Manual, there are handy calculations and conversion tables to aid thereader in their specification and use of Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd products.

All information was checked for accuracy at the time of writing, however, the validity of informationmay change over time. Errors and omissions excepted.

Finally, should the reader require further assistance; they can contact the Evolution Fasteners (UK)Ltd Technical Department (Mon – Fri 08:30am – 5:30pm) on +44 (0) 141 647 7100 or by e-mail [email protected].

0.1 – The Partial Safety Factor Concept

The partial safety factor concept revolves around the general principle that every potential failuremode is (or should) be considered using various partial safety factors for each. This undertaking onthe part of Evolution Fasteners does not absolve the specifier, end user or any other user of our dataor goods of their respective responsibilities and Evolution Fasteners does not accept responsibilityfor the designs undertaken by third parties.

Using the partial safety factor concept the following is used by Evolution Fasteners:

Ultimate Load: Specifically refers to the mean ultimate failure load with a 95%confidence level (which has been calculated using Central LimitTheorem),

Characteristic Load: A partial factor of safety has been applied to take account of changesin working temperature, installation safety and other factors,

Design Load: A further partial factor of safety has been applied to take account ofdifferences or fluctuations in the material yield strength of thefasteners and substrate as well as safety factors for the fixing of thefasteners within the substrate,

Recommended Load: A further partial factor of safety has been applied to take account forother variables and conditions.

It should be noted that the partial factors of safety applied by Evolution Fasteners are at the solediscretion of Evolution Fasteners. As Evolution Fasteners does not control the end use or conditionsof our products, it still remains the responsibility of the system designer to ensure they use the correctfactors of safety and design methodology applicable to the system.

Page 7


1.0 – Fixing Boards to Steel and Timber Substrates in Internal and External Applications

There is a vast array of different variations of fixing boards. It is the intent of this Technical Manual totake into account the majority of the board types and board manufacturers available on the market atthe time of printing.

Designers should take into consideration that on rare occasions black phosphate screw coatings canreact with some render types, which can damage the coating: resulting in corrosion and staining. To reduce the risk of this happening, Evolution recommends sealing the drywall screw head with aPVA bonding solution before render is applied.

Figure 01: Standard drywall boardfixed to standard timberstud using EvolutionDWSC.

Figure 02: Standard drywall boardfixed to light gauge steelstud using EvolutionDWSZ.

Page 8


1.1 – Standard Plasterboards

Standard plasterboards are simply made from compressed gypsum sandwiched in-between twolayers of paper. Generally, there is an aesthetic facing paper on one side of the board and a backingpaper on the reverse side of the board.

Table 01: Fixing Finder: Standard Plasterboards

Man

ufac

ture

r

Bra

nd N

ame

Den

sity

(kg/

m3 )

Thic

knes

ses

(mm

)

Internal Applications External Applications

Steel (mm) Timber Steel (mm) Timber

>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

BritishGypsum®™

/ Gyproc™

Handiboard 661.5 9.5 and 12.5

DWSZ(Page

18)

DWSDZ(Page

21)

DWSP(Page

18)None

Wallboard 663.8 9.5, 12.5 and15.0

Wallboard 4TE 727.8 12.5

WallboardDuplex 642 12.5 and 15.0

Knauf®™

BaseBoard 639.4 9.5

FuturePanel 800.9 12.5

Plank 735.6 19

Vapour Panel 654.3 9.5, 12.5 and15.0

WallBoard 656.3 9.5, 12.5 and15.0

Siniat®™/GTEC

Base 736.8 9.5, 12.5 and15.0

Contour 1000 6

Plank 736.8 19

Vapour 696 9.5, 12.5 and15.0

Page 9


1.2 – Performance Plasterboards

Performance plasterboards are generally the same as standard plasterboards except that they havedifferent admixtures, binders or other components (such as tougher or thicker papers) that give thema performance boost above the level of standard plasterboards. This can be for many varying reasonssuch as fire protection, impact resistance, sound abatement, moisture resistance, etc.

Table 02: Fixing Finder: Performance Plasterboards

Man

ufac

ture

r

Bra

nd N

ame

Den

sity

(kg/

m3 )

Thic

knes

ses

(mm

)



>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

BritishGypsum®™

/ Gyproc™

CoreBoard 842 19

EVUCD(Page

28)

DWSDZ(Page

21)

DWSCP(Page

30)None

DuraLine™ 926 15DuraLine™ MR 926 15

FireLine 785.2 12.5 and 15.0FireLine Duplex 783.3 12.5

FireLine MR 784.4 12.5 and 15.0Moisture Resistant 688.9 12.5 and 15.0

Plank 789.5 19Soundbloc 847.2 12.5 and 15.0

Soundbloc F 939.8 15Soundbloc MR 847.2 12.5 and 15.0

Soundbloc Rapid 839.5 15Soundbloc Rapid MR 839.5 15

Wallboard TEN 800 12.5

Knauf®™

CoreBoard 859 19MoistureShield 801.6 12.5 and 15.0

FireShield 802.5 12.5 and 15.0Impact Panel 861.1 12.5 and 15.0

Moisture Panel 805.6 12.5Performance Plus 920 12.5 and 15.0

SafeBoard 1360 12.5Sound MoistureShield 972.2 12.5 and 15.0

Sound Panel 816 12.5SoundShield 967.3 12.5 and 15.0

SoundShield Plus 920 12.5 and 15.0

Siniat®™/GTEC

Homespan 860 15Homespan MR 860 15Aqua Board™ 904 12.5 and 15.0

dB Board 856 12.5 and 15.0E Board 840 12.5

Fire Board 832 12.5 and 15.0Fire Core 868 25

Fire MR Board 834 12.5 and 15.0Fire V Board 834 12.5 and 15.0Megadeco® 904 12.5 and 15.0

Moisture Board 696 12.5 and 15.0Universal Board 1040 12.5 and 15.0

Weather Defence®™ 864 12.5 WHX (Page 36)

BMDW (Page 38)Euroform® Magnaliner® 1050 6, 9 and 12 EVUCD

(Page 28)

DWSDZ(Page

21)

DWSCP(Page

30)

Page 10


1.3 – Calcium Silicate Boards

Calcium silicate boards are specialised boards normally used for their exceptional insulationproperties. As such they lend themselves to applications where they are used for fire protection andfire resistance.

Table 03: Fixing Finder: Calcium Silicate Boards

Man

ufac

ture

r

Bra

nd N

ame

Den

sity

(kg/

m3 )

Thic

knes

ses

(mm

)



>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

Promat®™

Promasil 1000®™ 290

25, 40, 50, 60, 65, 75, 90 and 100

ETKR (Page 72)

PromatectL500®™ 500

20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 52 and 60

SupaLux®™ 9506, 9, 12, 15, 20 and 25

WHX (Page 36) BMDW (Page 38)

Vermiculux®™ 110

20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,

50, 55 and 60

ETKR (Page 72)

Euroform® WeatherClad® 1,300 7.5 WHX (Page 36) BMDW (Page 38)

Page 11


1.4 – Gypsum Fibre Boards

Gypsum fibre boards are essentially the same as standard gypsum plasterboards and someperformance boards. The main difference is that gypsum fibre boards are impregnated with variouspolymer and polyamide fibres. This acts as a reinforcement to the board, thus making themexceptionally tough and resistant to impact.

Table 04: Fixing Finder: Gypsum Fibre Boards

Man

ufac

ture

r

Bra

nd N

ame

Den

sity

(kg/

m3 )

Thic

knes

ses

(mm

)



>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

Fermacell®™ Fibreboard® 1,200

10

F (Page 32)

WHX(Page

36)

F (Page 32) BMDW (Page 38)

12.5

15

18

20

20

25

30

35

40

Knauf®™

Brio™ 1,26818

WHX (Page 36) BMDW (Page 38)23

ToughPanel 1,065 15

Page 12


1.5 – Vermiculite Boards

Vermiculite boards are essentially used for the same main purposes as calcium silicate boards(differing in that they use aluminium-magnesium silicates). These boards are suited for fire protectionapplications or where a high fire resistance is required.

Table 05: Fixing Finder: Vermiculite Boards

Man

ufac

ture

r

Bra

nd N

ame

Den

sity

(kg/

m3 )

Thic

knes

ses

(mm

)



>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

Promat®™

Vermiculux®™ 110.0

20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45,

50, 55 and 60

ETKR (Page 72)

Vicuclad®™ 435.0

18, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65 and

70

Page 13


1.6 – Cementitious Boards

Cementitious boards cover a broad spectrum of material make-ups. Essentially, they are producedthe same way as concrete in that the different aggregates are bound by cement or a pozzolanicmaterial that hardens the board to become exceptionally tough as well as moisture resistant.

Table 06: Fixing Finder: Cementitious Boards

Man

ufac

ture

r

Bra

nd N

ame

Den

sity

(kg/

m3 )

Thic

knes

ses

(mm

)



>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

>0.5 ≤ 1.2

≥1.2 ≤ 2.5

≥C16Grade

Cembrit® Cempanel® 1,3008, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20

and 24

WHX (Page 36) BMDW (Page 38)

Fermacell®™ Powerpanel® 1,000 12.5

Euroform®

Rendaboard® 1,560 9 and 12

Versapanel® 1,320 10 and 12

Versaliner® 990 9 and 12

RCM®™

Cemboard® 1,2508, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20

and 24

RenderFlex™ 1,380 6, 9 and 12

Y-Wall®™ 1,200 6, 9, 12 and 15

ResistantBuilding

Products®

Multi-Rend®™ 1,050 9 and 12

BaseBoard™ 1,150 10 and 12

Page 14


2.0 – Fixing Rigid PIR/PUR Insulation Panels to Steel, Timber and Concrete Substrates

The most common forms of rigid insulation used in the construction of buildings is PIR(Polyisocyanurate) and PUR (Polyurethane). These boards are take the form of structural foam andare have excellent insulation properties.

In most instances, the board is made of either rigid PIR/PUR foam sandwiched between two reflectivefoil layers. However, it should be noted that some manufacturers have gypsum, cementitious or GRP(Glass Reinforced Polyamide) panels stuck to the foam using adhesive. In cases where the foam ispre-adhered to a board, the reader should contact the Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd TechnicalDepartment for further assistance.

Table 07: Fixing Finder: Rigid PIR/PUR Insulation Panels

Fixing through panel into

Steel Substrate> 0.6 mm ≤ 2.5 mm

Timber Substrate≥ C16 Grade

Concrete Substrate≥ 20 MPa ≤ 60 MPa

Masonry Substrate≥ 7 MPa ≤ 20 MPa

ETKR (Page 72) and appropriate Washer (Page 76) Call Evolution Fasteners (UK) LtdTechnical Department

Call Evolution Fasteners (UK) LtdTechnical Department

Page 15


3.0 – Fixing Board, Timber and Metal Parts to Metallic Substrates(Structural Framing System, etc)

Aside from fixing different boards as per section 1.0 of this manual, the next largest use of screwsin the Construction Industry is to fix various sheathing/ render boards to structural framing systemsand in the fixing together of the sections in the structural framing system.

The table below shows the most common instances where screws are used in such structuralframing systems, but it should be noted that these guidelines are harmonious in all instances offixing metallic elements to metallic elements, etc.

The table is based on the specifications and requirements of the major structural framing systemmanufacturers such as (but not limited to) Metsec | Voestalpine, Kingspan, Ayrshire, etc.

Table 08: Fixing Finder: Structural Framing Systems

Fixing through panel into

Major ApplicationSpecific Application

Product Range per Environment

Fixing Through Fixing To

Fixing Board/ Timber to SFS

Plasterboard Steel (0.6 – 1.0mm) DWSZ (Page 18)

Plasterboard or Sheathing board or Timber

Steel (1.0 – 2.5mm) DWSDZ (Page 21) or BMDW (Page 38)

Steel (3.0 – 5.0mm) TSTF-3 (Page 41) or BMWD-3 (Page 44)

Steel (5.0 – 12.5mm) TSTF-5 (Page 41)or BMWD-5 (Page 44)

Steel (12.5 – 18.0mm) TSTF-7 (Page 41) or BMWD-7 (Page 44)

Fixing Metallic Components to SFS

Mild Structural Steel

Steel (3.0 – 5.0mm) TSHW-3 (Page 54) or BMHH-3 (Page 58)

Steel (5.0 – 12.5mm) TSHW-5 (Page 54)or BMHH-5 (Page 58)

Steel (12.5 – 18.0mm) TSHW-7 (Page 54)



Aluminium (inc. StructuralAluminium Alloys)

Steel (3.0 – 5.0mm) BMHH-3 (Page 58)

Steel (5.0 – 12.5mm) BMHH-5 (Page 58)

Fixing InsulationComponents and Panels

to SFSInsulation

Steel (1.0 – 2.5mm) ETKR (Page 72) and Washer (Page 76)

Steel (3.0 – 5.0mm) TSBWHT-3 (Page 64) or BMTSBWHT-3 (Page 67)

Steel (5.0 – 12.5mm) TSBWHT-3 (Page 64) or BMTSBWHT-3 (Page 67)

Fixing Metallic or TimberComponents to Masonry

or ConcreteSteel or Timber 7N Block to C60 Concrete Call Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd

Technical Department

Page 16


4.0 – Product Technical Information

This section of the manual contains the technical data for Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd product. Alltechnical data is derived from empirical testing as carried out in our UKAS accredited testinglaboratory.

If the data provided is not enough for the specification of the product, then it would be advisable tocall (+44 (0) 141 647 7100) or e-mail ([email protected]) the Evolution TechnicalTeam.

Further information on testing can be found at our dedicated testing website www.etasuk.com.

Page 17


4.1 – Drywall and Board Fixing Screws

This section deals with the fixings that would be typically used for fixing drywall and performanceplasterboards to various substrates.

4.1.1 – Fine Threaded Drywall Screws

These screws typically utilise a bugle head,which is designed to compress softer gypsummixtures and thinner facing papers, this aids inreducing the amount of burring around thehead. The screws are generally available inboth collated and loose formats to suit thetooling preferences of the end user.

Figure 03: Fixing side profile for finethreaded drywall screw.

Page 18


4.1.1.1 – Sharp Pointed

The screws use a sharp point which is the optimal point type for quickly piercing thin metalsubstrates.

Range Code Range Description

DWSZ Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – Sharp Point – Zinc Coated - Loose

DWSP Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – Sharp Point – Phosphate Coated - Loose

CDWFZ Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – Sharp Point – Zinc Coated – Collated

CDWFP Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – Sharp Point – Phosphate Coated – Collated

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing plasterboards to metal studs (up to 1.2mm thick),Head style: Bugle countersunk,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Twin thread, fine,Coating: Electroplated (passivated) Zinc or Manganese Phosphate,Material: Carbon Steel (SAE C1020 or SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 or 02 (See page 79 or 80).

Page 19


Typical Dimensional and Design Data

Product Code Nominal Diameter(mm)

Nominal Length(mm)

Length of Thread(mm) Coating Type Loose/ Collated

DWSZ25

3.5

25.0

FULL

Zinc – Passivated –

dichromate +3oxidation state

(min. 5µm)

Loose

DWSZ32 32.0

DWSZ38 38.0

DWSZ42 42.0

DWSZ50 50.0

DWSZ654.2

65.0

50.0DWSZ75 75.0

DWSZ90

4.8

90.0

DWSZ100 100.065.0

DWSZ125 125.0

DWSZ150 150.0 80.0

DWSP25

3.5

25.0

FULL

ManganesePhosphate (min. 5µm)

DWSP32 32.0

DWSP38 38.0

DWSP42 42.0

DWSP50 50.0

DWSP654.2

65.050.0

DWSP75 75.0

DWSP100 4.8 100.0 65.0

CDWFZ25

3.5

25.0

FULLZinc –

Passivated –dichromate +3oxidation state

(min. 5µm)

Collated

CDWFZ32 32.0

CDWFZ35 35.0

CDWFZ38 38.0

CDWFZ42 42.0

CDWFZ45 45.0

CDWFZ50 50.0

CDWFZ55 55.0

CDWFZ75 4.2 75.0 50.0

CDWFP25

3.5

25.0

FULLManganesePhosphate (min. 5µm)

CDWFP32 32.0

CDWFP35 35.0

CDWFP42 42.0

CDWFP45 45.0

CDWFP55 55.0

Page 20


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Failure Loads

Nominal Diameter(mm)

Tensile Capacity(kN)

Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

3.5 6.1 4.3 2.7

4.2 7.3 5.1 2.9

4.8 11.0 7.7 3.3

Mechanical Performance – Hardness


Surface Hardness(HV 0.3)

Core Hardness(HV 0.3)

3.5 580.0 480.0

4.2 620.0 450.0

4.8 590.0 460.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses


Steel Thickness

0.6 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

3.5 0.8 1.6 2.0

4.2 0.8 2.1 2.4

4.8 1.0 2.1 2.6

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses


Steel Thickness

0.6 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

3.5 0.5 0.9 1.2

4.2 0.5 1.3 1.4

4.8 0.6 1.3 1.5

Page 21


4.1.1.2 – Self Drilling

These screws typically utilise a bugle head, which is designed to compress softer gypsummixtures and thinner facing papers, this aids in reducing the amount of burring around the head.The screws are generally available in both collated and loose formats to suit the toolingpreferences of the end user.

Other variants of the screws use either a pancake or wafer head, which are used in applicationswhere additional resistance to the fixture material pulling over the head of the fastener is desired.

Additionally, these screws come with a self-drilling point to allow the screws to self-drill and self-tap thicker steel substrates than possible with sharp points.


DWSDZ Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – TEK 2 – Zinc Coated – Bugle Head - Loose

PHSDZ Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – TEK 2 – Zinc Coated – Pancake Head - Loose

WHSDZ Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – TEK 2 – Zinc Coated – Wafer Head - Loose

CDWFDZ Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – TEK 2 – Zinc Coated – Bugle Head – Collated

CDWSDP Drywall Screw – Fine Thread – TEK 2 – Phosphate – Bugle Head – Collated

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing plasterboards to metal studs (up to 2.5mm thick),Head style: Bugle countersunk, pancake or wafer,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Twin thread, fine,Coating: Electroplated (passivated) Zinc or Manganese Phosphate,Material: Carbon Steel (SAE C1020 or SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 or 02 (See page 79 or 80).

Page 22




Nominal Length(mm)


DWSDZ25

3.5

25

FULL

Zinc – Passivated –

dichromate +3oxidation state

(min. 5µm)

Loose

DWSDZ32 32

DWSDZ38 38

DWSDZ42 42

DWSDZ50 50

DWSDZ654.2

65

DWSDZ75 75

DWSDZ1004.8

100 55

DWSDZ125 125 75

PHSDZ12 3.5 12

FULL

WHSDZ12

4.2

12

WHSDZ19 19

WHSDZ25 25

WHSDZ50 50

CDWFDZ25

3.5

25

Collated

CDWFDZ35 35

CDWFDZ45 45

CDWFDZ50 50

CDWSDP25 25ManganesePhosphate (min. 5µm)

CDWSDP35 35

CDWSDP45 45

Page 23





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

3.5 6.1 4.3 2.7

4.2 7.3 5.1 2.9

4.8 11 7.7 3.3





3.5 580.0 480.0

4.2 620.0 450.0

4.8 590.0 460.0



Steel Thickness

1.2mm 1.6mm 2.5mm

3.5 2 2.2 4

4.2 2.4 2.6 4.5

4.8 2.6 2.8 4.8



Steel Thickness

1.2mm 1.6mm 2.5mm

3.5 1.2 1.3 2.4

4.2 1.4 1.5 2.7

4.8 1.5 1.6 2.9

Page 24


4.1.2 – Coarse Threaded Drywall Screws

The thread type is coarse as this increased pullout resistance from the substrate.

Figure 04: Fixing side profile for coarsethreaded drywall screws.

Page 25


4.1.2.1 – Sharp Pointed



DWSC Drywall Screw – Coarse Thread – Sharp Point – Phosphate Coated - Loose

CDWCP Drywall Screw – Coarse Thread – Sharp Point – Phosphate Coated – Collated

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing plasterboards to timber,Head style: Bugle countersunk,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Single thread, coarse,Coating: Manganese Phosphate,Material: Carbon Steel (SAE C1020 or SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 (See page 79).

Page 26




Nominal Length(mm)


DWSC25

3.5

25

FULL


Loose

DWSC32 32

DWSC38 38

DWSC42 42

DWSC50 50

DWSC654.2

65

50DWSC75 75

DWSC90

4.8

90

DWSC100 100

65DWSC110 110

DWSC120 120

DWSC150 150

CDWCP25

3.5

25

FULL

Collated

CDWCP32 32

CDWCP35 35

CDWCP38 38

CDWCP42 42

CDWCP45 45

CDWCP50 50

CDWCP55 5550

CDWCP654.2

65

CDWCP75 75 65

Page 27





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

3.5 6.5 4.6 2.7

4.2 8.0 5.6 2.9

4.8 10.5 6.3 3.3





3.5 580.0 470.0

4.2 630.0 460.0

4.8 590.0 480.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Timber (C18) Embedment Depths


Embedment Depth

25 mm 30 mm 40 mm

3.5 2.8 N/A

4.2 3.0 4.0 4.8

4.8 3.4 4.0 5.8

Page 28


4.2 – Specialist Board Fixing Screws

This section deals with the various specialised screws required for performance boards andspecialist boards.

4.2.1 – Reverse Threaded Interior Finishing Screws

The screws utilise a special reverse thread on the shank immediately underneath the head whichis to aid in the compression of the board material under the head. The head itself has a sharpcutting ring which cuts thicker facing papers to avoid burring and has the additional benefit ofcompressing the board material underneath it thus allowing the head to sit deeper in boards whichhave unfavourable particle size distribution.

4.2.1.1 – Steel Substrates



EVUCD Drywall Screw – Fine Thread (with Reverse Threading) – Sharp Point – Phosphte Coated – Undercutting Bugle Head - Loose

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing performance boards which require a neat finish to steel,Head style: Bugle countersunk with undercutting ring,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Twin thread, fine,Coating: Manganese Phosphate,Material: Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 (See page 79).

Page 29





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

3.9 8.4 7.2 2.7





3.9 625.0 450.0



Steel Thickness

0.6 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

3.9 0.9 2.1 2.3



Steel Thickness

0.6 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

3.9 0.5 1.3 1.4



Nominal Length(mm)


EVUCD353.9

35.0FULL


LooseEVUCD45 45.0

Page 30


4.2.1.2 – Timber Substrates



DWSCP Drywall Screw – Fine Thread (with Reverse Threading) – Sharp Point – Zinc Coated – Undercutting Bugle Head - Loose

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing performance boards which require a neat finish to timber,Head style: Bugle countersunk with undercutting ring,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Single thread, coarse,Coating: Electroplated (passivated) Zinc,Material: Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 (See page 79).

Page 31





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

3.9 8.4 7.2 2.7





3.9 625.0 450.0



Embedment Depth

15 mm 25 mm 35 mm

3.9 1.2 2.8 3.1



Nominal Length(mm)


DWSCP323.9

32.0FULL

Zinc – Passivated –dichromate +3oxidation state

(min. 5µm)

LooseDWSCP38 38.0

Page 32


4.2.2 – Reduced Diameter Head Tough/ Dense Board Screw

The screws utilise a special reduced diameter head which is designed to countersink into boardswhich would be too tough for a standard countersunk head to bed into.

4.2.2.1 – Coarse Threaded

The screws utilise a special reduced diameter head which is designed to countersink into boardswhich would be too tough for a standard countersunk head to bed into.


F Drywall Screw – Coarse Thread – Sharp Point – Phosphate Coated – Reduced Countersunk Head - Loose

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing tough or dense boards to steel or timber,Head style: Countersunk (reduced size),Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Single thread, coarse,Coating: Manganese Phosphate,Material: Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 (See page 79).

Page 33





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

3.9 7.2 5.8 2.7





3.9 625.0 450.0



Embedment Depth

15 mm 25 mm 35 mm

3.9 0.6 1.2 1.6



Nominal Length(mm)


F353.9

35.0FULL


LooseF45 45.0



Steel Thickness

0.6 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

3.9 0.7 1.8 2.1



Steel Thickness

0.6 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

3.9 0.4 1.1 1.3

Page 34


4.2.2.2 – Hybrid “Hi-Lo” Threaded

The screws utilise a special hi-lo thread which is designed for optimum pull-out resistance in both steel and timber substrates.


CDWFCP Drywall Screw – Hi-Lo Thread – Sharp Point – Phosphate Coated – Reduced Countersunk Head - Collated

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing tough or dense boards to steel or timber,Head style: Countersunk (reduced size),Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Hybrid, Hi-Lo,Coating: Manganese Phosphate,Material: Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 (See page 79).

Page 35





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

3.9 8.4 7.2 2.7





3.9 625.0 450.0



Embedment Depth

15 mm 25 mm 35 mm

3.9 0.7 1.3 1.7



Nominal Length(mm)


CDWFCP19

3.9

19.0

FULLManganesePhosphate (min. 5µm)

CollatedCDWFCP30 30.0

CDWFCP45 45.0



Thickness

0.6 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

3.9 0.8 1.9 2.2



Thickness

0.6 mm 1.0 mm 1.2 mm

3.9 0.5 1.2 1.4

Page 36


4.2.3 – Cementitious Board Screws

These screws are used when fixing into boards which are extremely tough. They utilise anaggressive double countersunk head with nibs in order to help break the surface of the board andaid in countersinking. They also use a hi-lo thread as this provides adequate pull out resistancesin both steel and timber substrates. The screw also uses a specialised reduced self-drilling pointwhich is acceptable in both steel and timber substrates.

There are two options which the screws come in: an organic coated carbon steel variant for use

in internal applications and some external applications, and, a bi-metal stainless steel variant foruse in external applications.

4.2.3.1 – Organic Coated

The screws are coated in an Organic coating called EvoShield. The main components of thecoating system are zinc and aluminium flakes bound in an epoxy and melamine resin layer on topof an electroplated zinc layer. This system makes the screws extremely resistant to standardcorrosion as well as resistant to chemical and effluent attack by acids, alkalines and solvents. Thecoating is also ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quaternary) resistant.


WHX Drywall Screw – Hi-Lo Thread – TEK 2 – Organic Coated – Double Countersunk Head - Loose

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing tough or dense cementitious boards to steel or timber,Head style: Countersunk (double with nibs),Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Hybrid, Hi-Lo,Coating: Organic (ACQ Resistant),Material: Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 (See page 79).

Page 37





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

4.2 10.1 7.2 2.7





4.2 625.0 450.0



Embedment Depth

15 mm 25 mm 35 mm

4.2 1.7 2.6 3.2



Nominal Length(mm)


WHX32

4.2

32.0

FULL

EvoShield 500 Loose

WHX42 42.0

WHX60 60.0

WHX80 80.060.0

WHX100 100.0



Thickness

1.2 mm 1.8 mm 2.5 mm

4.2 1.6 1.9 2.8



Thickness

1.2 mm 1.8 mm 2.5 mm

4.2 1.0 1.1 1.7

Page 38


4.2.3.2 – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel

The screws are “bi-metal”, which refers tothe fact that the self-drilling point and leadthreads are made from Carbon Steel (andhardened) and the shank and head of thescrew are made from an austenitic gradestainless steel.

The two parts of the screw are brazedtogether then coating in electroplated zinc(which serves only as a storage coating forthe carbon steel component).

Figure 05: Cementitious board fixed to structuralframing system using Evolution BMDW.


BMDW Drywall Screw – Hi-Lo Thread – TEK 2 – Bi-Metal – Double Countersunk Head - Loose

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing tough or dense cementitious boards to steel or timber,Head style: Countersunk (double with nibs),Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Hybrid, Hi-Lo,Coating: Electroplated (passivated) Zinc,Material (point): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,Material (thrd,hd): Stainless Steel (AISI 304/ A2),CE Marking: No – outwith scope of Harmonised Standard,Installation: Drywall Screws Method 01 (See page 79).

Page 39





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

4.8 10.1 7.2 2.7





4.8 625.0 450.0



Embedment Depth

15 mm 25 mm 35 mm

4.8 1.8 2.6 3.0



Nominal Length(mm)


BMDW48424.8

42.0 FULL Zinc over Stainless Steel Loose

BMDW4870 70.0 55.0



Thickness

1.2 mm 1.8 mm 2.5 mm

4.8 1.6 2.0 3.6



Thickness

1.2 mm 1.8 mm 2.5 mm

4.8 1.0 1.2 2.2

Page 40


4.3 – Fixing Plasterboards, Sheathing Boards or Timber to Structural Framing Systems

When fixing plasterboards, sheathing boards or timber to structural framing systems or simply structural frame members – the most common issue is“jacking”. Jacking is the phenomenon thatoccurs where the thread engages the fixture material prior to self-drilling the substrate material.

As such “wing drill” screws are used as the wings ream a clearance hole in the fixture material so that the thread cannotengage with the fixture material.

Figure 06: Sheathing board fixed to structural framingsystem using Evolution TSTF.

Page 41


4.3.1 – Organic Coated

The screws are coated in an Organic coating called EvoShield. The main components of the coating system are zinc and aluminiumflakes bound in an epoxy and melamine resin layer on top of anelectroplated zinc layer. This system makes the screws extremelyresistant to standard corrosion as well as resistant to chemical andeffluent attack by acids, alkalines and solvents. The coating is also ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quaternary) resistant.

Figure 07: Sheathing board fixed tostructural framing system.


TSTF-3 TEK Screw – Timber Fixing – Wing Drill – Organic Coating – Countersunk Head – TEK 3 Point

TSTF-5 TEK Screw – Timber Fixing – Wing Drill – Organic Coating – Countersunk Head – TEK 5 Point

TSTF-7 TEK Screw – Timber Fixing – Wing Drill – Organic Coating – Double Countersunk Head – TEK 7 Point

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing boards and timber to steel,Head style: Countersunk or Double Countersunk,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2 or Phillips No. 3,Thread form: Single coarse or Single fine,Coating: Organic EvoShield 500 or EvoShield 1000,Material (point): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: TEK Screws Method 01 (See page 80).

TSTF-7 – SuperTEK 7 Spiral – Super Heavy Gauge Steel Applications

TSTF5.5-73-7

5.5

73.0 FULL 6.0 – 38.0

12.5 – 18.5TSTF5.5-93-7 93.050.0

38.0 – 58.0

TSTF5.5-118-7 118.0 58.0 – 84.0

TSTF-5 – TEK 5 – Heavy Gauge Steel Applications

TSTF5.5-42-5

5.5

42.0FULL

10.0 – 13.0

4.0 – 12.5

TSTF5.5-65-5 65.0 10.0 – 28.0

TSTF5.5-85-5 85.0

55.0

30.0 – 50.0

TSTF5.5-100-5 100.0 45.0 – 65.0

TSTF5.5-110-5 110.0 55.0 – 85.0

TSTF5.5-135-5 135.0 80.0 – 100.0

TSTF5.5-150-5 150.0 95.0 – 125.0

TSTF5.5-180-5 180.0 125.0 – 150.0

Page 42




Nominal Length(mm)

Length of Thread(mm)

Board/ TimberCapacity

(mm)

Steel DrillingCapacity

(mm)

TSTF-3 – TEK 3 – Light Gauge Steel Applications

TSTF4.2-38-3 4.2 38.0

FULL

6.0 – 22.0

1.2 – 3.5

TSTF4.8-45-3 4.8 45.0 10.0 – 27.0

TSTF5.5-50-3

5.5

50.0 13.0 – 30.0

TSTF5.5-62-3 62.0 13.0 – 40.0

TSTF5.5-80-3 80.0

55

25.0 – 60.0

TSTF5.5-100-3 100.0 45.0 – 80.0

TSTF5.5-120-3 120.0 65.0 – 100.0

TSTF5.5-150-3 150.0 95.0 – 125.0

TSTF5.5-180-3 180.0 125.0 – 150.0




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

4.2 10.4 5.2 2.3

4.8 12.4 6.4 2.7

5.5 20.1 10.3 8.0

Page 43






4.2 580.0 480.0

4.8 570.0 470.0

5.5 590.0 480.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSTF-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

4.2 1.0 1.2 1.9 3.5 3.9 4.1

4.8 1.1 1.5 2.5 3.6 3.9 4.4

5.5 1.2 2.3 3.0 4.0 4.6 5.7


NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 5.7 9.8 10.4 11.7 12.5 13.8

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSTF-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 3.4 5.8 6.2 7.0 7.5 8.3



Thickness

13.0 mm 15.0 mm 18.5 mm

5.5 14.1 14.3 16.6



Thickness

13.0 mm 15.0 mm 18.5 mm

5.5 8.5 8.6 9.9

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSTF-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

4.2 0.6 0.8 1.1 2.1 2.3 2.5

4.8 0.7 0.9 1.5 2.2 2.3 2.6

5.5 0.8 1.4 1.8 2.4 2.8 3.4

Page 44


4.3.2 - Bi-Metal Stainless Steel

The screws are “bi-metal”, which refers to the fact thatthe self-drilling point and lead threads are made fromCarbon Steel (and hardened) and the shank and headof the screw are made from an austenitic gradestainless steel. The two parts of the screw are brazedtogether then coating in electroplated zinc (whichserves only as a storage coating for the carbon steelcomponent).

Figure 08: Side profile of timber fixed to steel section.


BMWD-3 TEK Screw – Timber Fixing – Wing Drill – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel – Countersunk Head – TEK 3 Point

BMWD-5 TEK Screw – Timber Fixing – Wing Drill – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel – Countersunk Head – TEK 5 Point

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing boards and timber to steel,Head style: Countersunk,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2 or Phillips No. 3,Thread form: Single coarse or Single fine,Coating: Electroplated (passivated) Zinc,Material (point): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,Material (thrd., pt): Stainless Steel (AISI 304/ A2),CE Marking: No – outwith scope of Harmonised Standard,Installation: TEK Screws Method 01 (See page 80).

Page 45


BMWD-5 – TEK 5 – Heavy Gauge Steel Applications

BMWD5.5-65-5

5.5

65.0 FULL 10.0 – 28.0

4.0 – 12.5BMWD5.5-85-5 85.055.0

30.0 – 50.0

BMWD5.5-135-5 135.0 80.0 – 100.0



Nominal Length(mm)

Length of Thread(mm)

Board/ TimberCapacity

(mm)


(mm)

BMWD-3 – TEK 3 – Light Gauge Steel Applications

BMWD4.8-38-3 4.8 38.0FULL

6.0 – 22.0

1.2 – 3.5BMWD5.5-62-35.5

62.0 13.0 – 40.0

BMWD5.5-80-3 80.0 55.0 25.0 – 60.0




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

4.8 9.8 8.2 2.7

5.5 11.6 9.8 8.0





4.8 390.0 270.0

5.5 390.0 270.0

Page 46


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMWD-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

4.8 1.9 2.4 3.5 4.3 5.0 6.3

5.5 2.0 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.1 6.7

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMWD-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 4.5 5.9 7.3 8.9 10.7 11.6

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMWD-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 2.7 3.5 4.4 5.3 6.4 7.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMWD-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

4.8 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.6 3.0 3.8

5.5 1.2 1.6 2.2 2.8 3.1 4.0

Page 47


4.4 – Fixing Metal Components to Structural Framing Systems

When fixing metal components to other metal components such as structural framing systems, the main concern is that the length of the drill tip is long enough to penetrate both the fixture and substrate together.

Figure 09: Fixing of two structural framing elementsusing Evolution TSPH.

4.4.1 – Low Profile Headed Screws and Stitching Screws

Low profile headed screws (such as pancake head and wafer/ truss head) are used when there is little clearance of where another member/ component will be placed on top of the head.

Figure 10: Side profile of structural framing sections fixed.

Page 48





TSLP-2 TEK Screw – Low Profile – Metal Framing – Organic Coating – TEK 2 Point

TSLP-5 TEK Screw – Low Profile – Metal Framing – Organic Coating – TEK 5 Point

TSPH-3 TEK Screw – Low Profile – Metal Framing – Organic Coating – TEK 3 Point

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing steel components to steel,Head style: Pancake or Wafer/Truss,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2 or Phillips No. 3,Thread form: Single coarse or Single fine,Coating: Organic EvoShield 500 or EvoShield 1000,Material (point): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,CE Marking: Yes – mandatory – EN 14566: 2008 & A1: 2009,Installation: TEK Screws Method 01 (See page 80).

Page 49


Pancake – Low Profile

TSPH4.8-16-3 4.8 16.0

FULL 1.2 – 3.5TSPH5.5-19-35.5

19.0

TSPH5.5-25-3 25.0


Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)

Length of Thread (mm)

Steel Drilling Capacity(mm)

Wafer/ Truss Head – Low Profile

TSLP4.8-22-2 4.8 22.0FULL 0.8 – 2.5

TSLP5.5-38-5 5.5 38.0




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

4.8 8.1 6.4 2.7

5.5 11.5 10.3 8.0





4.8 590.0 450.0

5.5 600.0 450.0

Page 50


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSLP-2 and TSPH-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

4.8 1.3 1.9 2.3 3.2 4.5 5.2

5.5 2.1 2.9 3.6 4.8 5.7 6.3

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSLP-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 2.9 3.7 4.7 5.2 6.5 6.9

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSLP-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 4.8 6.1 7.8 8.7 10.9 11.5

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSLP-2 and TSPH-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

4.8 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.7 3.1

5.5 1.3 1.7 2.2 2.9 3.4 3.8

Page 51



The screws are “bi-metal”, which refers to the fact that the self-drilling point and lead threads aremade from Carbon Steel (and hardened) and the shank and head of the screw are made from anaustenitic grade stainless steel. The two parts of the screw are brazed together then coating inelectroplated zinc (which serves only as a storage coating for the carbon steel component).


BMTSPH-3 TEK Screw – Low Profile – Metal Framing – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel – TEK 3 Point

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing metal components to steel,Head style: Pancake,Drive bit: Phillips No. 2,Thread form: Single coarse,Coating: Electroplated (passivated) Zinc,Material (point): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,Material (thrd., pt): Stainless Steel (AISI 304/ A2),CE Marking: No – outwith scope of Harmonised Standard,Installation: TEK Screws Method 01 (See page 80).

Page 52



Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)


Steel Drilling Capacity(mm)

BMTSPH5.5-25-3 5.5 25.0 FULL 1.2 – 3.5




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

5.5 6.2 4.5 5.6





5.5 490.0 370.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSLP-2 and TSPH-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 0.7 1.0 1.3 2.0 2.7 3.7

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSLP-2 and TSPH-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.2 1.7 2.1 3.4 4.5 6.1

Page 53


4.4.2 - Hexagonal Headed Screws

Hexagonal headed screws are the mostcommonly used head for this application ofscrews. The advantages of a hexagonal headare that they have a large bearing area forcompression of washers and resistance topull over.

Figure 11: Two structural steel elements fixed usingEvolution TSBW.

Page 54





TSHW-3 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – No Washer – Organic Coating – TEK 3 Point

TSBW-3 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – 16mm EPDM Washer – Organic Coating – TEK 3 Point

TSHW-5 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – No Washer – Organic Coating – TEK 5 Point

TSBW-5 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – 16mm EPDM Washer – Organic Coating – TEK 5 Point

TSHW-7 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – No Washer – Organic Coating – SuperTEK 7 Point

TSBW-7 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – 16mm EPDM Washer – Organic Coating – SuperTEK 7 Point



Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing steel components to steel,

Head style: Hexagonal with or without 16.0mm EPDM washer,

Drive bit: 5/16” Hexagonal,

Thread form: Single coarse or Single fine,

Coating: Organic EvoShield 500 or EvoShield 1000,

Material (point): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened,

CE Marking: No – outwith scope of Harmonised Standard

Installation: TEK Screws Method 01 (See page 80).

TEK 5 – Heavy Gauge Steel Applications

TSHW5.5-32-5

5.5

32.0

FULL

4.0 – 12.5

None

TSHW5.5-38-5 38.0

TSHW5.5-50-5 50.0

TSHW5.5-75-5 75.050.0

TSHW5.5-100-5 100.0

TSBW5.5-38-5 38.0FULL

16.0mm OD EPDM/

Galv. Washer

TSBW5.5-50-5 50.0

TSBW5.5-60-5 60.0

50.0TSBW5.5-70-5 70.0

TSBW5.5-85-5 85.0

TSBW5.5-100-5 100.0

Page 55



Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)



(mm)Washer

TEK 3 – Light Gauge Steel Applications

TSHW4.8-16-3 4.8 16.0

FULL

1.2 – 3.5

None

TSHW5.5-25-3

5.5

25.0

TSHW5.5-32-3 32.0

TSHW5.5-38-3 38.0

TSHW5.5-50-3 50.0

TSHW5.5-75-3 75.050.0

TSHW5.5-100-3 100.0

TSBW5.5-26-3 26.0

FULL

16.0mm OD EPDM/

Galv. Washer

TSBW5.5-32-3 32.0

TSBW5.5-38-3 38.0

TSBW5.5-50-3 50.0

TSBW5.5-60-3 60.0

50.0TSBW5.5-75-3 75.0

TSBW5.5-100-3 100.0

Page 56


SuperTEK 8 – Super Heavy Gauge Steel Applications

TSHW6.3-60-8 6.3 60.0 FULL 18.0 – 22.0 None

SuperTEK 10 – Ultra Heavy Gauge Steel Applications

TSHW6.3-135-10 6.3 135.0 60.0 22.0 – 35.0 None


Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)



(mm)Washer

SuperTEK 7 – Extra Heavy Gauge Steel Applications

TSHW5.5-50-75.5

50.0FULL 12.5 – 18.0

None

TSBW5.5-50-7 50.0 16.0mm EPDM/ Galv. Washer




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

4.8 9.5 6.4 2.7

5.5 15.9 10.3 8.0

6.3 18.7 12.0 9.6





4.8 630.0 450.0

5.5 620.0 440.0

6.3 600.0 380.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses –TSHW-3 and TSBW-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

4.8 1.2 1.6 2.0 3.0 3.9 4.5

5.5 1.7 1.9 2.4 4.6 5.5 6.6

Page 57


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSHW-3 and TSBW-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

4.8 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.7

5.5 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.8 3.3 4.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSHW-5 and TSBW-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 6.5 7.8 10.0 11.5 12.0 13.5


NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 3.9 4.7 6.0 6.9 7.2 8.1

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSHW-7 and TSBW-7 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm 15.0 mm 17.5 mm 18.0 mm

5.5 6.7 7 8.4 15.9 15.9 15.9


NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm 15.0 mm 17.5 mm 18.0 mm

5.5 6.6 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSHW-8 and TSHW-10 Fasteners


Thickness

20.0 mm 25.0 mm 35.0 mm

6.3 18.7 18.7 18.7



Thickness

20.0 mm 25.0 mm 35.0 mm

6.3 12.0 12.0 12.0

Page 58



The screws are “bi-metal”, which refers to the fact that the self-drilling point and lead threadsare made from Carbon Steel (and hardened) and the shank and head of the screw are madefrom an austenitic grade stainless steel. The two parts of the screw are brazed together thencoating in electroplated zinc (which serves only as a storage coating for the carbon steelcomponent).

4.4.2.2.1 – AISI 304/ A2 Grade Stainless Steel


BMHH-3 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – No Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A2) – TEK 3 Point

BMBW-3 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – 16mm OD EPDM/ Alu. Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A2) – TEK 3 Point

BMHH-5 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – No Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A2) – TEK 5 Point

BMBW-5 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – 16mm OD EPDM/ Alu. Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A2) – TEK 5 Point

Range Details:





Coating: Electroplated (passivated) Zinc,


Material (thrd., pt): Stainless Steel (AISI 304/ A2),

CE Marking: No – outwith scope of Harmonised Standard,


Page 59



BMHH5.5-38-5

5.5

38.0

FULL

4.0 – 12.5

NoneBMHH5.5-50-5 50.0

BMBW5.5-38-5 38.0

16.0mm EPDM/ Alu. WasherBMBW5.5-65-5 65.0

50.0BMBW5.5-100-5 100.0


Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)



(mm)Washer


BMHH5.5-25-3

5.5

25.0

FULL

1.2 – 3.5

None

BMHH5.5-38-3 38.0

BMHH5.5-65-3 65.0

BMHH5.5-80-3 80.050.0

BMHH5.5-100-3 100.0

BMBW5.5-25-3 25.0

FULL 16.0mm EPDM/ Alu. Washer

BMBW5.5-38-3 38.0

BMBW5.5-50-3 50.0

BMBW5.5-135-3 135.0 50.0




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

5.5 12.4 9.8 5.6





5.5 420.0 300.0

Page 60


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMHH-3 and BMBW-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.6 3.3

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMHH-3 and BMBW-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 3.2 4.3 5.5

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMHH-5 and BMBW-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 6.5 7.8 10.0 11.5 12.0 12.4

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMHH-5 and BMBW-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0 mm 5.0 mm 6.0 mm 8.0 mm 10.0 mm 12.5 mm

5.5 3.9 4.7 6.0 6.9 7.2 7.4

Page 61




A4BMHH-3 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – No Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A4) – TEK 3 Point

A4BM-3 TEK Screw – Hexagonal Head – 16mm OD EPDM/ Alu. Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A4) – TEK 3 Point

Range Details:










Page 62



Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)



(mm)Washer

A4BMHH5.5-25-3

5.5

25

FULL1.2 – 3.5

NoneA4BMHH5.5-38-3 38

A4BMHH5.5-50-3 50

A4BM25-3 25

16.0mm EPDM/ A4 Washer

A4BM38-3 38

A4BM50-3 50

A4BM75-3 75 50




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

5.5 11.4 8.6 5.6





5.5 450.0 350.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – A4BMHH-3 and A4BM-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.4 2.7 3.2

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – A4BMHH-3 and A4BM-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.6 2.1 3.1 4.0 4.5 5.3

Page 63

Evolution Fasteners Ltd - Technical Manual

4.5 – Fixing Insulation Components to Structural Framing Systems orTimber Framing

There are two main forms of insulation panel which are prevalent in the UK construction market: a) Rigid steel or aluminium faced insulation panels, which are commonly referred to as

“Composite Cladding Panels” such as (list is not exhaustive):

b) Rigid foam panels with foil facing, which are normally PIR (Polyisocyanurate) or PUR(Polyurethane), such as (list is not exhaustive):

Manufacturer Brand Name

Cladco® Trisomet 333™

Eurobond®Europanel™

Rainpanel™

Kingspan®

KS500™

KS100™

KS1000 RW™

Benchmark™

MultiPanel® AluPanel™

Valcan® Vitrabond™

Manufacturer Brand Name

Celotex®FI5000, SL5000, FR5000, TB4000, GA4000, XR4000, US4000, RS5000, CF5000, CG5000, CW4000, CD5000, PL4000, GD5000, Rafter-Gold™,

Crown-Fix™, Crown-Up™

EcoTherm®

Eco-Versal™

Eco-Protect™

Eco-Torch™

Eco-Deck™

Eco-Cavity™

Eco-Liner™

Eco-UFH™

IKO Enertherm®

ALU

ALU SP

BGF

BM

EPS

KR ALU

MG

XPS

Kingspan Insulation®

OPTIM-R™

Kooltherm™

Therma™

Styrozone™

Xtratherm®

Thin-R®

Thin-R Plus®

Safe-R®

Page 64



The screws are coated in an Organic coating called EvoShield. The main components of thecoating system are zinc and aluminium flakes bound in an epoxy and melamine resin layer ontop of an electroplated zinc layer. This system makes the screws extremely resistant to standardcorrosion as well as resistant to chemical and effluent attack by acids, alkalines and solvents.The coating is also ACQ (Alkaline Copper Quaternary) resistant.

4.5.1 – Fixing Composite Panels to Structural Framing Systems:


TSBWHT-3 TEK Screw – Composite Panel Fastener – Organic Coating – TEK 3 Point

TSBWHT-5 TEK Screw – Composite Panel Fastener – Organic Coating – TEK 5 Point

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing composite panels to steel,

Head style: Hexagonal with 16.0mm or 19.0mm EPDM washer,



Coating: Organic EvoShield 500,


CE Marking: No – outwith scope of Harmonised Standard



TSBWHT5.5-85-5

5.5

85

50

4.0 – 12.5

16.0mm OD EPDM/Galv. Washer

TSBWHT5.5-105-5 105

TSBWHT5.5-125-5 125

TSBWHT5.5-150-5 150

70TSBWHT5.5-185-5 185 19.0mm OD EPDM/Galv. WasherTSBWHT5.5-235-5 235

Page 65





Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

5.5 15.9 10.3 8.0





5.5 620.0 440.0


Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)



(mm)Washer


TSBWHT5.5-80-3

5.5

80 40

1.2 – 3.5

16.0mm OD EPDM/Galv. Washer

TSBWHT5.5-105-3 105 50

TSBWHT5.5-135-3 135 75

TSBWHT5.5-150-3 15065

TSBWHT19-5.5-185-3 185 19.0mm OD EPDM/Galv. WasherTSBWHT19-5.5-225-3 225 85

Page 66


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses –TSBWHT-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.0 1.1 1.4 2.8 3.3 4.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses –TSBWHT-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.7 19 2.4 4.6 5.5 6.6

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSBWHT-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0mm 5.0mm 6.0mm 8.0mm 10.0mm 12.5mm

5.5 3.9 4.7 6.0 6.9 7.2 8.1

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – TSBWHT-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0mm 5.0mm 6.0mm 8.0mm 10.0mm 12.5mm

5.5 6.5 7.8 10.0 11.5 12.0 13.5

Page 67



The screws are “bi-metal”, which refers to the fact that the self-drilling point and lead threadsare made from Carbon Steel (and hardened) and the shank and head of the screw are madefrom an austenitic grade stainless steel. The two parts of the screw are brazed together thencoated in electroplated zinc (which serves only as a storage coating for the carbon steelcomponent).



BMTSBWHT-3 TEK Screw – Composite Panel Fastener – 16mm or 19mm OD EPDM/ Alu. Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A2) – TEK 3 Point

BMTSBWHT-5 TEK Screw – Composite Panel Fastener – 16mm or 19mm OD EPDM/ Alu. Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A2) – TEK 5 Point

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing composite panel fasteners to steel,









Page 68



BMTSBWHT5.5-105-5

5.5

105.0

75.0 4.0 – 12.5

16.0mm EPDM/ Alu. WasherBMTSBWHT5.5-125-5 125.0

BMTSBWHT5.5-150-5 150.0 19.0mm EPDM/ Alu. WasherBMTSBWHT5.5-185-5 185.0




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

5.5 12.4 9.8 5.6





5.5 420.0 300.0


Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)



(mm)Washer


BMTSBWHT5.5-80-3

5.5

80.050.0

1.2 – 3.5

16.0mm EPDM/ Alu. WasherBMTSBWHT5.5-105-3 105.0

BMTSBWHT5.5-135-3 135.0

75.0BMTSBWHT5.5-150-3 150.0 19.0mm EPDM/ Alu. WasherBMTSBWHT5.5-185-3 185.0

Page 69


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMTSBWHT-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.9 2.6 3.3

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMTSBWHT-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 3.2 4.3 5.5

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMTSBWHT-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0mm 5.0mm 6.0mm 8.0mm 10.0mm 12.5mm

5.5 3.9 4.7 6 6.9 7.2 7.4

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – BMTSBWHT-5 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

4.0mm 5.0mm 6.0mm 8.0mm 10.0mm 12.5mm

5.5 6.5 7.8 10.0 11.5 12.0 12.4

Page 70




A4BMHT-3 TEK Screw – Composite Panel Fastener – 16mm or 19mm OD EPDM/ Alu. Washer – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A4) – TEK 3 Point

Range Details:

Designed for: Fixing composite panel fasteners to steel,









Page 71



Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)



(mm)Washer

A4BMHT105-3

5.5

105

75 1.2 – 3.5

16.0mm EPDM/ Alu. WasherA4BMHT135-3 135

A4BMHT150-3 150 19.0mm EPDM/ Alu. WasherA4BMHT185-3 185




Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

5.5 11.4 8.6 5.6





5.5 450.0 350.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – A4BMHT-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.0 1.3 1.9 2.4 2.7 3.2

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – A4BMHT-3 Fasteners

NominalDiameter

(mm)

Thickness

1.2 mm 1.6 mm 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm

5.5 1.6 2.1 3.1 4.0 4.5 5.3

Page 72


4.5.2 – Fixing Rigid PIR/PUR Panels to Structural Framing Systems orTimber Frames:


ETKR TEK Screw – Insulation Fixing - Bugle Head – Carbon Steel (Organic Coated) – TEK 2 Point

A4IS TEK Screw – Insulation Fixing - Bugle Head – Bi-Metal Stainless Steel (A4) – TEK 2 Point

Range Details ETKR:

Designed for: Fixing rigid insulation panels to steel.

Head style: Bugle.

Drive bit: Phillips No. 2.

Thread form: Single Coarse.

Coating: Organic EvoShield 500.

Material (point): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened.

Material (thrd., pt): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened.

CE Marking: Yes – Mandatory – EN 14566.


Accompanying washer(s): RW or ECW60.

Range Details A4-IS:

Designed for: Fixing rigid insulation panels to steel.

Head style: Bugle.

Drive bit: Phillips No. 2.

Thread form: Single Coarse.

Coating: Electroplated (passivated) Zinc.

Material (point): Carbon Steel (SAE C1022), hardened.

Material (thrd., pt): Stainless Steel (AISI 316/ A4).

CE Marking: No – outwith scope of Harmonised Standard.


Accompanying washer(s): RW or ECW60.

Page 73



Product Code


Nominal Length (mm)

Length of Thread (mm) Coating Type Loose/ Collated

ETKR60

4.8

60 FULL

EvoShield 500(Organic)

Loose

ETKR80 80

50

ETKR100 100

ETKR120 120

ETKR140 140

ETKR160 160

ETKR180 180

60

ETKR200 200

ETKR220 220

ETKR240 240

ETKR260 260

ETKR280 280

ETKR300 300

A4-IS-4.8-45 45

FULL

Zinc overStainless Steel

A4-IS-4.8-60 60

A4-IS-4.8-80 80

60

A4-IS-4.8-100 100

A4-IS-4.8-120 120

A4-IS-4.8-140 140

A4-IS-4.8-160 160

Page 74


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Failure Loads – ETKR Range



Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

4.8 10.1 7.2 2.7





4.8 625.0 450.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Timber (C18) Embedment Depths – ETKR Range


Embedment Depth

15 mm 25 mm 35mm

4.2 1.7 2.6 3.2

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – ETKR Range


Thickness

1.2 mm 1.8 mm 2.5 mm

4.2 1.6 1.9 2.8

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – ETKR Range


Thickness

1.2 mm 1.8 mm 2.5 mm

4.2 1.0 1.1 1.7

Page 75


Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Failure Loads – A4-IS Range



Shear Capacity(kN)

Torque Capacity(Nm)

4.8 10.1 7.2 2.7





4.8 625.0 450.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Timber (C18) Embedment Depths – A4-IS Range


Embedment Depth

15 mm 25 mm 35mm

4.2 1.8 2.6 3.0

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Tensile Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – A4-IS Range


Thickness

1.2 mm 1.8 mm 2.5 mm

4.2 1.6 2.0 3.6

Mechanical Performance – Ultimate Shear Failure Loads in Varying Steel (S355JR) Thicknesses – A4-IS Range


Thickness

1.2 mm 1.8 mm 2.5 mm

4.2 1.0 1.2 2.2

Page 76


4.5.3 – Washers for Use in Conjunction with Insulation Screws (as per 4.5.2) Evolution Insulation Washers are used in conjunction with various screw types to secure rigid

PIR (Polyisocyanurate) and PUR (Polyurethane) insulation panels/ boards to various substrates(commonly timber, steel and masonry).

All washers have a recessed mounting point for the screw heads: this ensures that the screwhead is below the surface of the washer and aids in reducing cold-bridging.

Both Polycaprolactam (commonly referred to as “Nylon 6”) and Polypropylene are polymerswhich are stable under exposure to low levels of ionising radiation (Ultraviolet, X-Ray, etc).

They are also stable under exposure to certain aggressive chemicals. Products have radial holes and other head surface features to allow render to “key”

(mechanically adhere) to the washers.

Technical Information

Product Code

Nominal HeadDiameter

(mm)

Nominal BodyLength(mm)

Extension toFixing Length

(mm)Material Colour Encapsulated

Head

RW546

5 2

Polycaprolactam White

No

RW18 18 13

RW3550

35 20

RW65 65

50EVNW35 35N/A Polypropylene Black

EVPPW50 50

ECW60 60 12 10 Polycaprolactam White Yes

Page 77


Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd recommend that customers always select Evolution Fastenersscrews and threaded fasteners to be used in conjunction with Evolution Fasteners InsulationRetaining Washers.

Polycaprolactam Chemical and Physical Properties

Parameter Data

Chemical Formula (C6H11NO)n

Density 1.084 g/ml

Melting Point 493 K

Autoignition Temperature 707 K

Tensile Strength 10.5 MPa

Polypropylene Chemical and Physical Properties

Parameter Data

Chemical Formula (C3H6)n

Density 0.855 g/ml

Melting Point 403 K

Autoignition Temperature 533 K

Tensile Strength 40.0 MPa

Page 78


Fixing Finder: PIR/ PUR Insulation Applications (non-Encapsulated)

OverallInsulation Thickness

(mm)

WasherComponent

Screw Component per Substrate

Steel (≤ 355 MPa ≥ 0.6 mm ≤ 2.5 mm)

Timber(≥C16 & Dry)

≥50

RW5

ETKR60ETKR100

51 - 60ETKR80

61 - 70ETKR120

71 - 80

ETKR10081 - 90

ETKR140

91 - 100RW18

101 - 110

ETKR120

111 - 120 RW35

121 - 130

RW65131 - 140

141 - 150

151 - 160 ETKR160

161 - 170 RW5

ETKR180

ETKR180

171 - 180 RW18

ETKR220

181 - 190 RW35

191 - 200

RW65201 - 210

211 - 220

221 - 230 RW18

ETKR240

231 - 240RW35

ETKR260

241 - 250

ETKR280

251 - 260

RW65261 - 270

271 - 280

281 - 290 RW35

ETKR280291 - 300

RW65

ETKR300301 - 310

311 - 320

N/A321 - 330ETKR300

331 - 340

Fixing Finder: PIR/ PUR Insulation Applications (Encapsulated)

OverallInsulation Thickness

(mm)

WasherComponent

Screw Component per Substrate

Steel (≤ 355 MPa ≥ 0.6 mm ≤ 2.5 mm)

Timber(≥C16 & Dry)

≥50

ECW60

ETKR60ETKR100

51 - 60ETKR80

61 - 70ETKR120

71 - 80ETKR100

81 - 90ETKR140

91 - 100ETKR120

101 - 110ETKR160

111 - 120ETKR140

121 - 130ETKR180

131 - 140ETKR160

141 - 150ETKR200

151 - 160ETKR180

161 - 170ETKR220

171 - 180ETKR200

181 - 190ETKR240

191 - 200ETKR220

201 - 210ETKR260

211 - 220ETKR240

221 - 230ETKR280

231 - 240ETKR260

241 - 250ETKR300

251 - 260ETKR280

261 - 270

N/A

271 - 280ETKR300

281 - 290

291 - 300

N/A

301 - 310

311 - 320

321 - 330

331 - 340

Page 79


5.0 – Installation Procedures This section of the manual will detail the

procedure to install various EvolutionFasteners (UK) Ltd products.

5.1 – Drywall/ Renderboard/ Wood Screws

1. Select the appropriate tooling, for

drywall screws, board screws and woodscrews. This should be a non-impactingdrywall screwdriver with a no-load speedgreater than 2,500 RPM and anadjustable depth control device attached(an example of this would be a MakitaFS4200 but other manufacturers alsoproduce such tooling),

2. Ensure that the fixture material issufficiently clamped against the surfaceof the substrate material and ensurethere are no air gaps or voids betweenthe two elements,

3. Clean the surface of the fixture material

so that no dust or debris can interferewith the positioning and initialpenetration of the screws,

4. Present the fastener to the face of thefixture material on the end of anappropriate magnetic bit holder. Ensurethat the fastener is held in such a waythat it will be driven perpendicularly intothe fixture and substrate elements,

5. Drive the fastener into the fixture andsubstrate elements, ensuring that onlysufficient pressure is applied to the toolto ensure smooth penetration and fixing.Drive the fastener until the topside of thefastener head is below the surface levelof the board by approximately 1.0mm (oras specified by the board manufacturer),

6. Seal the exposed heads of the fasteners

using a suitable bonding agent (such asPVA or as specified by the boardmanufacturer), then follow standardtaping and jointing procedures asoutlined by the board manufacturers’literature.

1

2

3

4

5

6

Page 80


5.2 – Metal Fixing Screws 1. Select the appropriate tooling, for metal

fixing screws this should be a non-impacting TEK screwdriver with a no-load speed greater than 1,500 RPM (butnot greater than 2,500 RPM) and anadjustable depth control device attached(an example of this would be a MakitaFS2500 but other manufacturers alsoproduce such tooling),

2. Ensure that the fixture material issufficiently clamped against the surfaceof the substrate material and ensurethere are no air gaps or voids betweenthe two elements,

3. Clean the surface of the fixture materialso that no dust or debris can interferewith the positioning and initialpenetration of the screws,

4. Present the fastener to the face of thefixture material on the end of anappropriate magnetic bit holder. Ensurethat the fastener is held in such a waythat it will be driven perpendicularly intothe fixture and substrate elements,

5. Drive the fastener into the fixture andsubstrate elements, ensuring that onlysufficient pressure is applied to the toolto ensure smooth penetration and fixing.Drive the fastener until the underside ofthe fastener head is in contact with theface of the fixture element.

1

2

4

5

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5.3 – Masonry and Concrete Fixings 1. Select the appropriate tooling for the job,

as there are two phases to the use ofmasonry and concrete fasteners, theseare both described as:

a) For drilling of the pilot hole in thesubstrate a hammer-drill should beused (in hammer-action setting),

b) For inserting of the fasteners in thepilot hole an impact screwdriver orimpact wrench should be used,

2. Select the correct size diameter drill tobe used to create a suitable pilot hole forthe fixings. Then use this in conjunctionwith the hammer-drill to drill a pilot holewhich has adequate depth toaccommodate the prescribedembedment depth of the fixing as wellas an additional 5-10mm depth to allowfines to settle harmlessly and notinterfere with the fixing,

3. Using an air-pump clear out all debris,silts and fines from the pilot hole,

4. Using the impact screw driver or impact

wrench insert the fixing into the pilot holeand tighten until face tight,

5. Using a torque wrench, apply torque tothe head of the fixing until the prescribedtorque has been achieved.

1a

1b

2

3a

3b

5

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6.0 – Introductory Notes to the Design of Fasteners Fasteners by design have the following main components: 1. Head, 2. Recess, 3. Thread, 4. Cutting point.

Therefore, we will consider the design of these components.

6.1 – Head style The main head style designs are:

Hexagonal flanged: Allows the use of a washer to spread the force subjected tothe fastener (and inversely the preloading applied by thefastener (typically referred to as “clamping action”)). It is alsoused for its large surface area which can be griped in thedrive; producing good stability characteristics.

It is also used for its large surface area which can be gripedin the drive; producing good stability characteristics.

Countersunk: Is generally used on larger screws where a flush finish insidethe material is required. It may come in double countersunkform to ease countersinking, or with under head nibs whichare designed to ease in the countersinking of harder/ moredense materials (such as cement boards, plywood, etc).

Flat/ Pancake/ Cheese/ etc: Are used where the profile of the screw needs to be as low

as possible, but the material cannot be countersunk easily(i.e. metallic substrates).

Bugle: The most common drywall type head. Its concave shape

allows it to countersink in soft materials such as plasterboardby standard deformation of the plaster material. In thissituation, it is preferable to a countersunk head as the straightsides of a countersunk screw would tear the material.

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6.3 – Thread type The thread is arguably the most important feature of a screw product. It is a common

misconception that it is the head of a screw which holds two materials together, this is false. Thetrue joint is in the threading of both articles by the singular screws’ thread.

As such it is important to consider the main design types of thread:

Coarse: Is where the thread pitch is comparatively low. The actualthread pitch is dependent on the actual use of the screw;however, the coarse thread is especially good at achievinghigh tensile resistance in timber substrates and in thin metallicsubstrates (as it allows the thin sheet material to deformabove and below the thread).

Fine: Is where the thread pitch is comparatively high. Again, theactual thread pitch is dependent on the actual use of thescrew; however, the fine thread is especially good atachieving high tensile resistance in thicker metallic substratesas it increases the surface area of the screw in physicalcontact with the substrate material.

Hi-Lo: Is a combination of a large thread and smaller thread. Thepitch is generally coarse. The rationale behind hi-lo threadsis primarily for use in weaker materials for pull out resistance(such as timber), or in materials which contain a lot of fines(such as concrete, block, etc). Hi-lo threads are also used indense board materials where the thread form inherentlyreduces the torque resistance to the threading action – thuspreventing the screw from snapping when tapping throughdense materials.

6.2 – Recess Type The recess type is largely dependent on the head style of the screw. Typically, in countersunk and

low profile screws, the most common recess types are Pozi, Phillips and Torx. Whilst there areliterally hundreds of recess types available these three are the most common (next to hexagonalhead).

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6.4 – Point Type The point type of a screw is critical in ensuring that it can adequately self drill through a material.

As such the point types used by Evolution Fasteners (U.K.) Ltd are:

Sharp: Sharp points are the most common point type usedin drywall and are adequate for use in timber andvery light steel (i.e. less than 1.2mm) as with asufficient angle, can pierce thin metals.

Type 17: Like the sharp point, this is designed to piercethrough light gauge or thin metals, but with theaddition of a gash through the section of the point.This is to reduce the amount of torque required to selfdrill through substrates which are prone to splitting(i.e. timber), where the reduced point material incontact with the substrate material allows for areduced torque moment, thus saving the substratefrom splitting.

TEK (self drilling): The TEK point is commonly used on fasteners that

are required to self drill through metallic substrates.The point comes in various modes of full size andreduced width. Fundamentally Evolution Fasteners(UK) Ltd has a range of set models, which havecapacities detailed as below:

It should be noted that Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltdare the only supplier of SuperTEK 7™, SuperTEK 8™ and SuperTEK 10™ respectively,which use a spiral type cutting point similar to a HSSdrill bit, which is brazed to the screw shank. Thisallows the screw to be used in very thick steelsections as the heat build-up on the point due tofriction is considerably low (due to metal beingremoved as swarf) compared to the heat build-up onthe point of a scrapper type TEK point (due to metalbeing removed as chips).

TEK Screw Self-Drilling Capacities

TEK Point No. Capacity

1 or 2 0.5 mm to 2.5mm

3 1.2 mm to 3.5 mm

5 4.0 mm to 12.5 mm

7 4.0 mm to 19.0 mm

8 4.0 mm to 22.0 mm

10 4.0 mm to 35.0 mm

TEK 1

TEK 2

TEK 3

TEK 5

TEK 7

TEK 8

TEK 10

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7.0 – Introductory Notes on Common Fixture Materials In this section, we will identify and explore the most common fixture materials which you will

encounter on construction sites in the United Kingdom and where possible identify which fixingsEvolution produce that might be effective for use in this material.

It is important to remember that “fixture material” refers to the board or material that is being fixedor fastened through (i.e. is on top of the substrate).

7.1.1 – Standard Plasterboard The vast majority of drywall screws will simply

be used fixing through standard plasterboard.Standard plasterboard is also widely referredto as “drywall”, “drywall board”, “wall board”or “gypsum board”.

Standard plasterboard is a panel of plastermaterial that is pressed between two sheetsof thick paper. The paper component isnormally grey or brown, but is available inalmost any colour and largely depends on themanufacturer.

Standard plasterboard is made of a plaster component and a paper component. The plastercomponent is normally made of either gypsum plaster, lime plaster or cement plaster. The papercomponent is normally made of standard thick paper made from cellulose pulp. Different materialsor additives may be added to help in moisture resistance or fire resistance, but mostly remaincellulose paper with additional thicknesses.

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7.1.2 – Gypsum Plaster Gypsum plaster is made from the material

gypsum. Gypsum is an incredibly softmaterial, which is indeed the second softestmaterial on the Mohr’s hardness scale (forcomparison the lowest on the scale isMagnesium Silicate Hydrate, also known asTalc; which has a hardness of 1.00 and thehighest on the scale is Carbon in the form ofDiamond; which has a hardness of 10.00).

Where: Ca = Calcium S = Sulphur O = Oxygen H = Hydrogen

The physical properties of gypsum plaster are:

Mohr’s Hardness = 1.5-2.0 Specific Gravity = 2.31 – 2.33

The gypsum is then made into a plaster by heating the gypsum to around 150°C to evolve waterfrom the molecular compound of Calcium Sulphate Dihydrate in the form of steam to produceCalcium Sulphate Hemihydrate, which has the chemical formula CaSO4.0.5H2O.

The primary effects of gypsum plaster on the design of screws are primarily due to the corrosiveproperties of the calcium present in the molecular compound.

On the periodic table of elements, calcium is an alkaline earth metal. As such the metal, itself hasa pH in the alkaline range. This means that it has a corrosive property and will actively attack themetallic screws. This corrosive effect is reinforced when an electrolyte (electricity conducting fluid)bridge is provided and allows the metallic material to suffer from bi-metallic (electrogalvanic)corrosion.

As such the design of the coating or materials used in the fastener should reflect the base material.However, in the case of gypsum plaster the effect of the calcium is inhibited by the compoundsmolecular structure, thus has a lesser effect than a lime plaster would.

Since gypsum plaster is very low in terms of hardness, it’s abrasion characteristics can almost beignored.

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7.1.3 – Lime Plaster Lime plaster is made of a combination of

hydrated lime and sand.

Hydrated lime is formed when standard lime(Calcium Oxide – CaO) is slaked with water(H2O) in order to hydrate the compound toCalcium Hydroxide – Ca(OH)2.

The calcium oxide base used for theproduction of hydrated lime is manufacturedthrough the thermal decomposition ofCalcium Carbonate – CaCO3, which is foundnaturally as limestone and is mechanicallymined.

The physical properties of Calcium Hydroxide are:

Mohr’s Hardness = 1.75-2.0 Specific Gravity = 2.21

It should be noted that Calcium Hydroxide (lime), like Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate (gypsum) isalkaline due to the presence of the element, calcium. However, the calcium content in CalciumHydroxide is much greater per molar weight than Calcium Sulphate Hemihydrate and its’ alkalinityis not prohibited. As such the pH of lime is 12 and lime will readily attack metals through its’corrosive action.

This high alkalinity is dangerous for operators and handlers as it may cause chemical burns onunprotected skin. Calcium Hydroxide also causes blindness when particles make contact witheyes (and protection must always be worn).

Calcium Hydroxide also reacts exothermically when introduced to water, and the temperature ofthe mixture may increase to unexpectedly high levels. As such protection is always advised.

The sand used in construction (and is indeed the highest occurring sand in the world) is SiliconDioxide – SiO2 (also known as Silica). Silicon dioxide is a naturally occurring material and ismechanically mined and then purified.

The physical properties of Silicon Dioxide are:

Mohr’s Hardness = 6.0-7.0 Specific Gravity = 2.65

As with gypsum plaster, the lime plaster’s biggest effect on the fasteners would be from thecalcium’s’ inherent alkalinity which would attack metallic elements. Again, this corrosive effect isreinforced when an electrolyte (electricity conducting fluid) bridge is provided and allows themetallic material to suffer from bi-metallic (electrogalvanic) corrosion.

As such the design of the coating or materials used in the fastener should reflect the base material.In the case of lime plaster, the corrosive action is far greater than in gypsum plaster, thus a coatingof greater resistance is required.

Lime plaster has a much higher abrasion factor due to the inclusion of sand in the mixture. Sandhas a high hardness value and as such will be much more damaging to threads and coatings.Therefore, the fastener and coating should be designed with an adequate resistance to abrasion.

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7.1.4 – Cement plaster Cement plaster can either comprise of: 1. Gypsum plaster, sand and ordinary Portland cement, or, 2. Lime plaster, sand and ordinary Portland cement.

The purpose of cement plaster is twofold: 1. To increase fire resistance, 2. To increase strength and toughness.

It should be noted however that standard drywall boards containing cement plaster should not beconfused with a cementitious board, which will be covered later in this manual.

Ordinary Portland cement is produced by the fine grinding of cement clinker with the addition ofCalcium Sulphate (to control the flash setting properties of cement) and Magnesium Oxide (MgO).

Cement clinker is produced by sintering limestone and alumina-silicate (clay) in a cement kiln.Cement clinker is primarily constituted of calcium silicates Alite (3 CaO.SiO2) and Belite (2CaO.SiO2) respectively. The clinker will also contain very small quantities of metallic elementssuch as iron and aluminium.

Therefore, the main components of ordinary Portland cement are: 1. Calcium Silicates: a. Alite = 3 CaO.SiO2, b. Belite = 2 CaO.SiO2, 2. Calcium Oxide = CaO, 3. Silicon Dioxide = SiO2, 4. Magnesium Oxide = MgO, 5. Calcium Sulphate = CaSO4.

Where: Ca = Calcium, Mg = Magnesium, O = Oxygen, S = Sulphur, Si = Silicon. Ordinary Portland cement itself is an alkaline mixture of chemical compounds. The alkalinity of

the cement is as per lime plaster; however, the introduction of Magnesium reinforces the bi-metalliccorrosion element further due to the incorporation of a further dissimilar metal that is also analkaline earth metal

Cement plaster is slightly more corrosive than gypsum plaster or lime plaster respectively due tothe addition of a further alkaline earth metal. The main increase in corrosive properties lies withinbimetallic (electrogalvanic) phenomenon.

The set cement plaster will also have a slightly higher abrasive property when compared to gypsumor lime plasters.

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7.2 – Specialist Boards The next most popular fixture materials our screws will be used in are specialist drywall boards.

These boards generally are referred to as “cement boards”, “cementitious boards”, or “compositeboards”.

Just like standard plasterboards, specialist boards are a panel of material that is pressed betweentwo sheets of thick paper. The material itself is dependent on the manufacturer of the board andthe purpose of the board itself.

Specialist board are normally composite in nature. This means that there is more than one materialthat makes up the filling material between the two cellulose sheets.

Here we will examine the most common types of composite material used:

Woodchip and cementcombination:

The composite material makes us of fairly inexpensive wood chippingswhich are bound by cement. As we have already covered what cementis in previous chapters, we know that it becomes an incredibly strongbinding material. This is enhanced by the wood; which is a waterretaining material and will allow for full pozzolanic reaction with thecement that binds it.

In short this creates a very tough board material that proves veryresistant to impacts. As such it has a high abrasion property as wellas hardness. These factors make drilling and tapping through thismaterial more difficult than the standard drywall boards.

Polymer and cementcombinations:

The composite material is still made of a cellulose type base (such aswood or paper pulp, etc) but has differing polymers added to it forincreased physical or chemical properties such as GRP (GlassReinforced Polyamide). Again, this composite contains cement as abinder, but can also in some cases be epoxy bound.

Again, this is a very tough board material and has the same effect onfasteners as the aforementioned composite material. There are othercomposite materials used in the manufacture of these boards, butexact make ups are generally not provided as they are regarded “tradesecrets” by their respective manufacturers.

These boards are used for a multitude of purposes. Due to the resilientnature of the boards they are used in: Hospitals, factories, schools,etc: Where there is a high flow of traffic or the movement of heavyequipment, etc that might bump or collide with walls. Therefore, atough board with significant anti-damage properties would be desired.

Fire casescenario:

The board by its own nature is extremely resistant to heat and smoketransfer, thus the temperature transfer is limited only to the lowestboiling point in the material mixture (which in this instance would beentrained water at approximately 100°C). The material would thereforeact in an ablative manner until its complete disintegration after a longperiod of time.

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Again, due to the inclusion of cement in the material, the corrosive property of the board will beincreased; which will manifest more in bi-metallic (electrogalvanic) corrosion. The boards will alsohave a significantly increased abrasion property.

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7.3 – Insulation The main type of insulation encountered in

construction is rigid foam insulation(commonly known as PIR and PURinsulation.

PUR Insulation is made by reacting a polyolcomponent with a polymeric component,isocyanate and Methylene Diphenyl di-Isocyante (MDI) component in the presenceof a blowing agent and other additives.These then react together in an exothermic(produces heat) reaction to form athermosetting polymer (which becomes rigidwhen set).

The heat produced in this reaction causesthe blowing agent to evaporate thus leavinga rigid closed cell of low density – i.e. therigid insulation panel.

This allows for excellent insulation propertiesas the gas entrapped within this closed cellhas low thermal conductivity properties andin turn there is low thermal conductivitythrough the cell walls due to the low densityof the material (approximately 97% of thepolymer foam is trapped gas).

PIR Insulation Differs from PUR insulation inthat it is produced using an excess of theMDI component. In the presence of acatalyst, the excess MDI reacts with itself toform Isocyanurate; which is characterised bygreater heat stability.

The resultant insulation product hasincreased fire performance and resistanceas well as reduced combustibility and higherworking temperature limits compared to PURinsulation. When incorporated intoconstruction products, PIR can meet someof the most demanding fire performancerequirements and is sometimes stipulated forapplications by the insurance industry.

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8.0 – Introductory Notes on Common Substrates Drywall screws and TEK screws are only likely to be used in a small number of substrates. In the

previous section using the tables, you can see what fasteners are typically used to join differentfixing and fixture materials. Therefore, in this section we will cover points on the most commonsubstrates found in construction applications with drywall and TEK screws.

8.1 – Metallic substrates The vast majority of applications involve the use of a metallic substrate or the joining of two metallic

elements. In the United Kingdom, steel is delivered to site in two main forms: hot rolled steel andcold rolled steel.

Hot rolled steel is steel that was deformed into its current shape and profile by a series of rollerswhen the steel was hot (red hot). This imposes the least amount of residual stress as the hot steelis very malleable when red hot – thus there are generally fewer localised hard spots in the material.

Cold rolled steel is steel that was deformed into its current shape and profile by a series of rollerswhen the steel was cold (room temperature). This imposes the most amount of residual stress asthe cold steel is very hard to work, thus the machinery used has to induce folds, etc to bend thematerial into shape. Simply by nature, cold rolled steel has a lot of localised hard spots caused bywork hardening; where the displacement of atoms has caused some spots to be weaker whenadjacent spots have been made stronger through hardening. From a scientific point of view, it issimply the logical transformation of the functions of work, force and energy.

Both methods have their advantages and weaknesses. Hot rolling steel produces very largesection profiles and thicknesses; however, the heating and annealing process is very energyintensive – as such the cost of the product is increased. Inversely, the cold rolled steel is formedby mechanical process, and therefore the profile size is limited by the mechanical force capacityof the system forming it. As these systems are expensive, they tend to limit the thickness of coldrolled steel to less than 6.0mm in thickness (as opposed to hot rolled thicknesses of 50.0mm andgreater). The main difference for specifiers is the yield strength of the material. Hot rolled steel istypically supplied in two strength classes; 275 N/mm2 and 355 N/mm2 respectively. Cold rolledsteel is available in much lower ranges. For example, cold rolled drywall track may have a yieldstrength as low as 120 N/mm2 or as high as 220 N/mm2.

Cold rolled steel has found its’ main use in secondary steel framing and is typically 220 – 280N/mm2. Hot rolled steel has found its’ main use in primary steel framing.

00 strain

high carbon steel

UTSP Y

stress

00 strain

UTS

P

Y

stress

mild steel

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8.2 – Timber Substrates Timber makes up the second most common substrates in which Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd

products are used.

Typically, timber is rough cut and treated from various timber types and gradings.

Due to the expansiveness of the subject on timbers it is not the purpose of this manual to commenton treatment types, fire protection and all other concerns when specifying and using timbersubstrates.

Where possible throughout this manual – all considerations for the use of Evolution Fasteners

(UK) Ltd products in timber substrates has been expanded upon in their relevant sections.

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9.0 – Introductory Notes on Regulations Pertaining to Evolution Products

9.1 – Regulation of Structural Design

9.1.1 – Eurocodes The Structural Eurocodes were initiated by the Commission of the European Communities as a

set of common structural design standards to provide a means for eliminating barriers to trade.For each Eurocode part, a Project Team of experts was formed and duly considered nationalcomments from the various member states.

The structure of the various Eurocodes and their many parts has been driven by logic. Thus thedesign basis in EN 1990 applies irrespective of the construction material or the type of structure.For each construction material, requirements that are independent of structural form are given inGeneral Parts (one for each aspect of design) and form-specific requirements are given in otherParts. Taking Eurocode 3 as an example, indeed one where this philosophy was taken to anextreme.

Within each part the content is organised considering physical phenomena, rather than structuralelements. So, whereas BS 5950-1-1 includes Sections such as ‘compression members withmoments’, EN 1993-1-1 contains Sections such as ‘buckling resistance of members’ and‘resistance of cross-sections’. The design of a structural element will therefore entail referring tonumerous Sections of the document.

The Eurocode Parts contain two distinct types of rules, known as Principles and Application Rules.The former must be followed if a design is to be described as compliant with the code. The latterare given as ways of satisfying the Principles, but it may be possible to use alternative rules andstill achieve this compliance.

The Eurocodes are design standards, not design handbooks. This is reflected in their format, asdiscussed above. They omit some design guidance where it is considered to be readily availablein textbooks or other established sources. It is also accepted that they cannot possibly covereverything that will be needed when carrying out a design. For building design, the SCI has beencollating some of the additional information that designers will need, some of which was containedin BS 5950. For highway bridges, the Highways Agency has led a thorough examination of theEurocodes to determine what additional requirements will be needed to ensure bridges willcontinue to be safe, economic, maintainable, adaptable and durable.

The stated aim of the Eurocodes is to be mandatory for European public works, and become the‘default standard’ for private sector projects. However, for buildings, this aim must be understoodwithin the context of the IJK regulatory system, which does not oblige designers to adopt anyparticular solution contained within an Approved Document.

For bridges the situation is somewhat different, because as a public body the Highways Agencywill specify Eurocodes for the design of all highway structures as soon as it is practicable to doso. The Agency has indeed been preparing for the introduction of the Eurocodes for some time.

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9.1.2 – Construction Design and Management Regulations The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations (CDM) are the primary regulations for

managing the health, safety and welfare of construction projects. In April 2015, the CDMRegulations 2015 replaced the regulations set out in 2007.

The CDM aims to improve health and safety for every person involved in a construction project,reducing accident at work claims.

The regulations have been put together to help workers sensibly plan the work to better managethe risks involved in a project from start to finish.

The regulations set out guidelines to ensure that the right people are working on the right jobs at

the right time. This ensures that workers cooperate and coordinate with others, and that everyworker has access to the right information about the risks, and how they are being managed ateach stage of the construction process.

Anyone who has construction work carried out for them is known as a client under the CDM 2015.The client’s main duty under CDM is to ensure that their project is suitably managed. This includesensuring the health and safety of all who may be affected by the construction work, includingmembers of the public. There are two types of client recognised under CDM 2015:

A designer can be an organisation or individual whose work in the construction process involvespreparing or modifying designs, drawings, specifications, bills of quantity or design calculationsfor a construction project. Designers can be an Architect, Consulting Engineer, Quantity Surveyoror anyone who specifies and alters designs as part of their work.

The designer’s main duty under is to reduce, eliminate or control any foreseeable risks that mayarise during construction work, or in the use and maintenance of the building once completed.

A principal designer can be assigned to projects with more than one contractor. The principaldesigner is appointed by the client and plans, manages, monitors and coordinates health andsafety during the pre-construction phase when most design work is carried out.

A contractor is an individual or business in charge of carrying out construction work. This could bebuilding, altering, maintaining or demolishing. Anyone who manages this work or directly employsor engages construction workers is classed as a contractor under the Construction (Design andManagement) Regulations 2015.

Commercialclients:

Have construction work carried out as a part of their business.Commercial clients could be an individual, a partnership of a company,including property developers and companies managing domesticproperty construction.

Domesticclients:

Are those who have construction work carried out for them which isnot in connection with any business. This is usually work carried outon the home or the home of a family member. CDM 2015 does notrequire domestic clients to carry out client duties, as these usuallypass to other duty holders under the regulations.

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The contractor’s main duty is to plan, manage and monitor the work under their control. Thisincludes ensuring the health and safety of anyone it may affect – including members of the public.

On projects with more than one contractor, the principal contractor manages, monitors andcoordinates health and safety while all construction work takes place.

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9.2 – Regulation of Fastener Design

9.2.1 – European Regulation No. 305/ 2011 (The Construction Products Regulations)

The Construction Products Regulation 2011 (CPR) is a European Union (EU) regulationharmonising performance information on construction products across the EU. It is made mostvisible by the mandatory CE marking of regulated products.

CE marking signifies that a product complies with relevant safety, health or environmentalregulations across the European Economic Area (EEA). The EEA consists of the member statesof the EU and the European Free Trade Association countries; Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway.

Some parts of the Construction Products Regulation applied from 24 April 2011, but it came intoforce in full on 1 July 2013. From this time, construction products placed on the market in the EEAthat are covered by a harmonised European product standard or a European TechnicalAssessment will need to be CE marked and accompanied by a Declaration of Performance (DoP).This is intended to ensure that reliable technical information is provided about the performance ofconstruction products in a common technical language and tested using consistent assessmentmethods. This consistency should enable designers and specifiers to compare the performanceof products more easily.

The CE mark denotes the publication of information on: ⊲ Safety, ⊲ Testing criteria, ⊲ Fire resistance, ⊲ Mechanical resistance and stability, ⊲ User instructions, including hygiene and environmental instructions, ⊲ Protection against noise, ⊲ Energy, economy and heat retention, ⊲ Sustainable use of natural resources, ⊲ Handling instructions, ⊲ Storage recommendations, ⊲ Maintenance.

Demonstrating compliance with the regulation requires an 'attestation of conformity' (AoC). Thereare 5 levels of attestation of conformity depending on the nature of the product. See Attestation ofconformity for more information.

The CPR does not harmonise the building regulations or recommend the suitability of productsappropriate for a project, responsibility for which remains with designers and specifiers.

On projects with more than one contractor, the principal contractor manages, monitors andcoordinates health and safety while all construction work takes place.

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9.2.1.1 – The CE Mark

CE stands for Communauté Européenne (although it is sometimes taken to stand for ConformitéEuropéenne). CE marking signifies that a product complies with relevant safety, health orenvironmental regulations across the European Economic Area (EEA). The EEA consists of themember states of the EU and the European Free Trade Association countries; Iceland,Liechtenstein and Norway.

CE marking of construction products was first introduced in the Construction Products Directive(CPD) in 1988. The Construction Products Regulations (CPR) made it mandatory for certainproducts in 2011 and 2013, and from 1 July 2014, made CE marking mandatory for structuralsteelwork and aluminium.

9.2.1.2 – Attestation of Conformity

The Construction Products Regulation (CPR) was introduced in 2011 to harmonise performanceinformation on construction products across the European Economic Area (EEA). It is made mostvisible by the mandatory CE marking of regulated products.

Demonstrating compliance with the regulations requires ‘attestation of conformity’ (AoC). Thereare five levels of attestation of conformity depending on the nature of the product. The lowestlevels (1 or 1+) have the most demanding requirements and might be necessary for products withsafety-critical aspects. The highest level (4) is the least demanding and might for example applyto decorative products.

Non-safety critical attestation might be carried out by the manufacturer themselves, whilst safetycritical testing might have to be undertaken by a notified body.

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9.3 – Building Regulations

In England, the Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) is responsible for theBuilding Regulations 2010 and The Building (Approved Inspectors etc.) Regulations 2010. Theregulations apply to most new buildings and many alterations to existing buildings.

9.3.1 – Approved documents

A series of approved documents provide general guidance on how specific aspects of buildingdesign and construction can comply with the Building Regulations:

Part A: Structure Requires buildings to be designed, constructed or altered so asto be structurally safe and robust, and so as not to impair thestructural stability of other buildings. It stipulates designstandards for use on all buildings and gives simple design rulesfor most masonry and timber elements for traditional domesticbuildings. It includes diagrams of structures such as roof framesand brick walls, and tables of material strengths.

Part B: Fire safety

Covers all precautionary measure necessary to provide safetyfrom fires for building occupants, persons in the vicinity ofbuildings, and firefighters. Requirements and guidance coversmeans of escape in cases fire, fire detection and warningsystems, the fire resistance of structural elements, fireseparation, protection, compartmentation and isolation toprevent fire spread, control of flammable materials, and accessand facilities for firefighting.

Part C: Site preparation andresistance tocontaminants andmoisture

Includes the weather-tightness and water-tightness of buildings,subsoil drainage, site preparation, and measures to deal withcontaminated land, radon, methane, and all other site relatedhazardous and dangerous substances.

Part D: Toxic substances

This controls hazards from the toxic chemicals used in cavity fillinsulation systems.

Part E: Resistance tothe passage of sound

Deals with requirements for sound insulation between buildings,including both new dwellings and the conversion of buildings toform dwellings. These cover sound reduction between rooms forresidential purposes and designated rooms in dwellings, andacoustic conditions for common areas in flats and schools.

Part F: Ventilation

Includes standards for ventilation and air quality for all buildings.It also covers requirements for the prevention of condensation.

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Part G: Sanitation, hot watersafety and waterefficiency

Lays down standards for the provision of sanitary and washingfacilities, bathrooms and hot water provision. It also coverssafety requirements in respect to unvented hot water systems.

Part H: Drainage and wastedisposal

Requires that adequate drainage, and also deals with pollutionprevention and sewage infrastructure and maintenance.Technical design standards cover sanitary pipework, fouldrainage, rainwater drainage and disposal, wastewatertreatment, and discharges and cesspools.

Part J: Heat producingappliances and Fuelstorage system

Covers the construction, installation and use of boilers,chimneys, flues, hearths and fuel storage installations. Alsorequirements to control fire sources and prevent burning,pollution, carbon monoxide poisoning, etc.

Part K: Protection fromfalling, collision andimpact

Set standards for the safety of stairways, ramps and ladders,together with requirements for balustrading, windows, andvehicle barriers to prevent falling. Also include are requirementsfor guarding against and warning of, hazards from the use andposition of doors and windows.

Part L: Conservation of fuel and power

Controls the insulation values of buildings elements, theallowable area of windows, doors and other opening, the airpermeability of the structure, the heating efficiency of boilers, hotwater storage and lighting. It also controls mechanical ventilationand air conditioning systems, space heating controls,airtightness testing of larger buildings, solar emission, thecertification, testing and commissioning of heating andventilation systems, and requirements for energy meters. It alsosets requirements for Carbon Index ratings.

Part M:Access to and use of buildings

Requires the inclusive provision of ease of access to, andcirculation within, all buildings, together with requirements forfacilities for disabled people.

Part N: Glazing - Safety inrelation to impact,opening and cleaning

(Withdrawn on 6 April 2013 other than in Wales where it stillapplies). Lays down the requirements for the use of safetyglazing to avoid impact hazard and for the suitable awarenessand definition of glazed areas. Also included are safetyrequirements relating to the use and cleaning of windows.

Part P: Electrical safety

Covers the design, installation, inspection and testing ofelectrical installations in order to prevent injuries from electricalshocks and burns, and to prevent injuries arising from fires dueto electrical components overheating or arcing.

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Part Q: Security - Dwellings

From 1 October 2015 for use in England, it provides thatreasonable provision must be made to resist unauthorisedaccess to any dwelling; and any part of a building from whichaccess can be gained to a flat within the building.

9.3.2 – Procedure

Building Regulations approvals can be sought either from the building control department of thelocal authority or from an approved inspector. In either case, a fee will be payable, relative to thetype of building and the construction cost. Fee schedules can be obtained from the building controldepartment of the local authority. It is now also possible for competent persons to self-certify thattheir work complies with the building regulations without submitting a building notice or incurringlocal authority fees.

Generally, on larger, new-build projects, a 'full plans' application will be made, meaning that fulldetails of the proposed building works are submitted for approval before the works are carried out.On small projects, or when changes are made to an existing building, approval may be sought bygiving a 'building notice'. In this case, a building inspector will approve the works as they are carriedout by a process of inspection. This does leave the client at risk that completed works might notbe approved, resulting in remedial costs. Full plans approvals are also subject to inspection duringthe course of the works at stages decided by the local authority (typically during the constructionof foundations, damp proof courses and drains and perhaps other key stages), but as long as thework is carried out in accordance with the approved design, the risk of problems is very muchreduced.

In the event of disagreement about an approval, a ‘determination’ can be sought (before the worksstart) from the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government or from Welsh Ministersin the Welsh Assembly Government. It is also possible to seek relaxation or dispensation of theregulations from the building control department of the local authority under certain circumstances(see Department for Communities and Local Government guidance).

It is important to ensure that a completion certificate is sought from the approving body as evidencethat the works comply with the regulations. NB Under changes to the building regulations madein December 2012, Local Authorities must give completion certificates, they do not need to berequested.

A full plans approval notice is valid for three years from the date of deposit of the plans. This canbe very important given the speed at which the regulations change, meaning that a building whichhas been approved, but not built may require re-design and further approval if construction isdelayed and the regulations change.

Failure to comply with the Building Regulations can result in a fine and/or an enforcement noticerequiring rectification of the works. There is also a regularisation process for getting approval forworks that have been carried out without approval (see Planning Portal guidance).

Where demolition work is proposed, the owner must give the local authority building controldepartment six weeks’ notice under Section 80 of the Building Act.

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9.3.3 – Scotland

In Scotland, Scottish Ministers are responsible for the Building Regulations (Building Standards)and associated guidance (ref The Scottish Government: Building Standards). The 32 localauthorities administer the Building Standards system and are responsible for granting permissions(Building Warrants) and Completion Certificates.

9.3.4 – Wales

In Wales, Building Regulations that previously applied to England and Wales continue to apply,but from 01 January 2012, any revisions to the English regulations apply to England only. Newregulations and guidance are the responsibility of the Welsh government (ref Welsh Government:Building Regulations). Approvals are granted by the local authorities.

9.3.5 – Northern Ireland

In Northern Ireland, the Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2000 are made by the Departmentof Finance and Personnel (ref Building Control Northern Ireland). They are administered by the26 District Councils.

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10.0 – Appendices

The aim of this section is to provide specifiers with helpful tools.

10.1 – Conversion of Imperial Wire Gauge to Metric Diameters

Gauge to Metric Conversion

Gauge (g) Millimetres (mm)

4 2.9

6 3.5

8 4.2

10 4.8

12 5.5

14 6.3

18 8.0

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10.2 – Standard Electrogalvanic Series of Dissimilar Metals in an Electrolyte

Standard Electrogalvanic Series of Dissimilar Metals in an Electrolyte

Metal/ Semi-Metal Nobility Group Electrode Potential

Graphite Semimetal 0.3

Palladium Platinum Group

Platinum Platinum Group 0.00 to – 0.10

Gold Precious Metal Group

Silver Precious Metal Group

Titanium Refractory Metal Group

Stainless Steel (AISI 316/ EN 1.4401) Alloy – Transition Metal Group -0.1

Stainless Steel (AISI 304/ EN 1.4301) Alloy – Transition Metal Group -0.15

Bronze Alloy – Transition Metal Group -0.2

Brass Alloy – Transition Metal Group -0.2

Cupronickel Alloy – Transition Metal Group

Molybdenum Refractory Metal Group

Niobium Refractory Metal Group

Tungsten Refractory Metal Group

Tin Post-Transitional Metal Group

Lead Post-Transitional Metal Group

Tantalum Refractory Metal Group

Chromium Refractory Metal Group

Nickel Transition Metal Group

Copper Semi-Precious Metal Group

Cast Iron Transition Metal Group -0.5

Steel Alloy – Transition Metal Group - 0.50 to – 0.80

Indium Post-Transitional Metal Group

Aluminium Post-Transitional Metal Group -1.05

Uranium Actinide Metal Group

Cadmium Post-Transitional Metal Group

Beryllium Alkaline Earth Metal Group

Zinc Post-Transitional Metal Group -1.1

Magnesium Alkaline Earth Metal Group -1.75

NOTES: The electrolyte used in preparation of this table is salt water (5% Sodium Chloride solution)

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E & O E

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TECHNICAL MANUAL 2018 - Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd · Page 6 Evolution Fasteners (UK) Ltd-Technical Manual 0.0 – Preamble It is the aim of this Technical Manual to provide specifiers,