Technological Challenges and Opportunities in addressing Sustainable Water for Smart Cities

Water for Living, Water for Industry, Water for Life

Ajay Pradhan, PhD

Objective and Goals

IWRM

• Develop multi-sectoral framework for sustainable and resilient IWRM

• Techno-economic evaluation of strategies and alternatives

• Advanced level system simulation

• Develop operating model

• Project development projects on PPP,EPC etc

Goals for Water Management Plan

• Meet overall water resource demands (current and in future)

• Adopt triple bottom line approach for solutions

• Meet level-of-services goals

• Sustainable life cycle costs (CAPEX and OPEX)

• Environmental protection

• Social needs

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development

Corporation Limited

Options Assessment ( Screening and Scoping)

4

1

2

3

0

3

4

4

4

2

2

2

3

2

2

2

3

4

0

1

3

4

4

4

4

2

0

2

4

3

3

3

0

0

4

4

2

2

2

2

1

3

4

2

2

2

1

1

3

4

2

3

3

1

1

4

4

1

0

0

3

1

4

4

1

1

3

2

2

2

4

1

1

3

1

2

2

4

1

1

2

1

2

4

1

1

3

4

1

1

1

1

2

2

4

1

1

1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Water Use Efficiency

Individual AlternativeWater Supplies

Community AlternativeWater Supplies

Large-Scale WaterRecycling

Surface Water Sources

Groundwater Sources

Other Options

Techno-Economic Score Physical footprint Energy intensity (directly related to GHG emissions)Capacity to enhance environment Water allocationWater efficiency Community preferenceIndigenous and non-indigenous heritage Social amenitySource risk Net economic costComplexity – Constructability Complexity – Operability Reliability & Resilience Flexibility & Adaptability

Approach – Integrated, Holistic and Sustainable

Diversifying and integrating regional

water supply portfolio

Work on Supply Side as well as

Demand Side

– Address each of these potential

solution sets

Supply Side Solutions

Demand Side Solutions

Reduce Water Losses and Increase Water

Efficiency

Increase Water Productivity

Water Re-Allocation

Agriculture efficiency

Increased Storage

Improved Distribution and Irrigation Efficiency

Groundwater Development

Water Recycling and Reuse

Step 1

• Inception Workshop and Chartering

Step 2

• Data Collection Review and Analysis

Step 3

• Initial Screening of Options (TBL)

Step 4

• Modelling, Options, IWRM Plan and Prelim Design

Key Steps for Development Plan

What we can influence:

Total Water Management is a holistic and integrated approach to modern water challenges

Total Water Management

is…

– Integrated and optimized

management of connected

water resources throughout

the water cycle

5

5

Innovative Model for Developing IWRM Plan

Treat water as part of a

connected system

Use a balanced approach

to manage needs

Use scenario planning to

identify risks and develop

mitigating strategies

Apply innovative

technology to understand

the system and make

choices

System-wide Dynamic

Simulation Model

Innovative Model for Dynamic Simulation

Dynamic Simulation Modal for Smart Cities

New Industrial Region and Smart Cities

Delhi Mumbai Investment Corridor (DMIC)

Delhi Mumbai Investment Corridor (DMIC)

1500 km long

150 to 200 km wide

Global Manufacturing

and Trading Hub

Nine Junctions or

Satellite Cities

First Two Centred about

Rewari:

– Manesar

– Nimrana

Manesar-Bawal Investment Region

Khushkhra Bhiwadi Neemrana Investment Region

Regional Landscape

Two cities of about 600 km2

Population about 6 million by

2040

Water demand about 1500 MLD

(550 GL/yr)

Highly stressed groundwater

systems

650 mm average rainfall

Hydrogeological Map of MBIR

Groundwater Electrical Conductivity

Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon

Post Monsoon Pre Monsoon

Depth to water levels of MBIR in 2011 Pre Monsoon Post Monsoon

Groundwater potential and Categorization of blocks in MBIR

2004 2009

Over Exploited

zone Safe

zone

Over Exploited

zone

Semi Critical

zone

Composite GIS Layers

Water Availability Study – Potential Water Sources

Wate

r A

vaila

bili

ty

Stu

dy

• Ground Water

• Fresh Ground Water

• Saline Ground Water

• Surface Water

• Surplus Flood Water During Rain e.g. Chambal

• Rain Water Harvesting

• Allocation

• Recycle Water

• Recycled Water From External Sources such as Delhi

• Recycle Water From Within Development

Implementation Framework for Sustainable Irrigation Practices

Development of framework for increasing

efficiency in irrigation sector by reducing

water losses

Use of sprinkler, surface and subsurface

drip, bubbler and micro-sprinkler irrigation

technology to reduce the consumption of

water for irrigation.

Develop an optimization model for rotation

of crops to maximize the profit to the

farmers by using crops with high water

use efficiency.

Use of alternative technologies for

growing non seasonal crops and

vegetables

Use of wind mill and solar energy driven

low pumping to design micro-irrigation

system with limited water supply to

prevent the over-exploitation of

groundwater.

Strategies for growing crops based on

availability of water

Assessment of Potential Surface Water Resources Augmentation – Technical & Commercial Feasibility Keeping Environmental Sustainability in Perspective

Development of sustainable local rain

water harvesting techniques

Reassessment of Technical, Commercial

and Environmental Feasibility for

harvesting excess water from perennial

rivers such as Chambal.

Identification of feasible measures for

improvement of existing irrigation canal

networks in the region, for minimizing the

water conveyance losses and optimized

use of available water.

Feasibility of revitalizing the Sahibi River

catchment area for utilization of monsoon

flow.

Reuse/Recycle Water Potential

Ability to use recycle and reuse water in KBNIR will be a key strategy in

ensuring sustainable water supply as this is independent of climate change and

less energy intensive compared to brackish desalination

Project will carry out following structured assessment using our experiences

from past projects in Singapore and in India.

Sustainable brine disposal solution

Aquifer Storage and Recovery

Storage of water through wells during times of excess for future recovery to meet peak, emergency, or long-term demands

Capture temporal sources for increased reliability/improved water quality

Eliminate evaporative losses in reservoirs

Avoid loss of riverine habitat associated with surface reservoirs

Increase water treatment works/conveyance system operational efficiency

Raw Water Withdrawal

Treated

Water

Storage

Water Treatment Plant

ASR

Well

Treated Water

Raw Water Storage

Operating Model – Utilizing Technical and Financial Framework

27

Supplies System Demands

Surface

Water

Ground-

water

Reuse

Brackish

Desal

Transfers

Cloud

Seeding

Imported

Commercial

Agriculture

Industrial

Env

Storage

Management

Objectives

Evaluation

Criteria Residential

Water Management Options Decision Processes Top Level Model Processes to

create operating model

Scenarios

Conveyance

27

Digital Disruptions

Digital Disruptions

• New methods Improvements

Disruption to old methods

• Automation Better efficiency

What to do with those replaced

• Privatization, Automation,

Change Strikes

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development

Corporation Limited

Decision Support model for Optimization and Monitoring

Develop System Monitoring Framework, Instrumentation Plan and Telemetry -

Some examples of sensors that would be considered include:

– Source Water Automatic Meters: provides quantity of raw water and treated water

produced

– Groundwater depth sensors: provides information on groundwater withdrawal

– Water quality sensors: provide information on key water quality parameters to optimize

treatment and water acceptability to customers.

– Distribution System - Automatic meters for customers: provides information on water

pumped into the distribution system and individual customer usage.

– Pressure sensors: provides information on system pressure profiles which can be

related reductions related to pipeline breaks and leakage related to excessive system

pressure.

– Water quality sensors: provides information on water quality degradation throughout the

distribution system and is used to optimize system operations and improve customer

satisfaction.

– System-wide Pump Energy sensors: the data from these sensors will be coupled with

meter data to develop a cost/mgd of treated water produced, treated water delivered,

and wastewater treated.

Telemetry and Decision Support Application

Optimization and

Visualization

(Telemetry)

Water Quality

Water Quantity

Operational Efficiency

(Cost)

Features and Benefits

– Real time data integration and

visualization

– Data analysis

– Contaminant warning system

– Event detection

– Real time system optimization

(quality, quantity , cost and Social

equity)

– Automated advanced metering

infrastructure

Case Study - ABC Waters Programme, Singapore

ABC Waters Programme at

Kallang River- Bishan Park Ang

Mo Kio Park, Singapore

– Water Wastewater – Project

Value more than Rs200 Crore

– Extensive use of bioengineering

techniques

– Natural systems for stormwater

quality improvements,

– Sustainable design features that

ties in with artistic elements

– Public consultation process with

multiple stakeholder

31

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development

Corporation Limited

Singapore

The future

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development

Corporation Limited

More natural waterways

Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Development

Corporation Limited

Summary

Outline the incredible changes occurring in our backyards

Explained the challenges faced by rapidly growing urban cities

face by example of Bengaluru & Delhi

Advanced water recycling project for drinking water reuse

India is leap-frogging its water supply development to meet water

demand and overcome the lack of water infrastructure

India aims to do drinking water recycling from the Go-Get

A view into the future