Text, Thought in Qumran

7/28/2019 Text, Thought in Qumran

1/30

Text, Thought, and Practice

in Qumran andEarly Christianity

P N I

Sp O C S D S S A L,

J Sp H U

C S C,

1113 J, 2004

Edited by

R A. C & D R. S

LEIDEN BOSON2009


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CONENS

P ................................................................................................. A ..................................................................................... x

CANON, PROPHECY, AND COMMENARY

T D S S O B C 3

Markus Bockmuehl

Pp Pp Q S N ........................................................................................ 31George J. Brooke

Sp Pp Sp B? O Q N N C ....................................................... 49Daniel R. Schwartz

COMMUNIIES AND HEIR BOUNDARIES

p R Q E C: S Df M 63Eyal Regev

W, Y, T: B L 4QMM N

Ep ......................................................................... 89Adele Reinhartz

HE SCROLLS AND JOHANNINE LIERAURE

T Gp J D S S .............................. 109Harold W. Attridge

R Pp J D I B 127Jrg Frey


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contents

BELIEFS AND INERPREAIONS

T I F .......... 161Gary A. Anderson

D, Rp, O S Sp Gp:J Cx Q Ox ................................................................................................. 195Menahem Kister

Ex P C D S S

N , T Ip .................................... 231Serge Ruzer

DEMONS AND SAVIORS

M: A M U Kp P H B, 11QMelchizedek, Ep H .................................................................. 255

Israel Knohl

D D S S N 267Hermann Lichtenberger

A M H? A R-E J C App ................................................ 281Cana Werman

Ix M A ................................................................ 000Ix A S ................................................................. 000


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HE DEAD SEA SCROLLS AND HE ORIGINS OFBIBLICAL COMMENARY

Markus BockmuehlUniversity o Oxord

A , p R. P. C. H w w-w p :

T v p- w w C.1T v pp w H w w 1960, w w Te Cambridge History o the Bible v q v. w w v p G.

S w p, w - D S S

BCE. T w, w pesharim, v p pw w , p, q- p w.2 B

1 R. P. C. H, B E E C, Te Cambridge Historyo the Bible (. P. R. A C. F. Ev; 3 v.; C: C UvP, 19631970), 1:419. I w M M Tp.

2 F vvw pesher , .., . H. L, Pesharim (Cp-

Q S 3; L: Sf A P, 2002); G. J. B,P, DNB, 77882; M. P. H, P, Te Dead Sea Scrolls:Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek exts with English ranslations, Vol. 6B: Pesharim, OtherCommentaries and Related Documents (. J. H. Cw; : M S;Lv: W J K, 2002), 1193. J. H. Cw, Te Pesharimand Qumran History: Chaos or Consensus?(G Rp: E, 2002), w Q . P w : K. E,Studien zum Habakuk-Kommentar vom oten Meer(BH 15; : M [S-], 1953); W. H. Bw, Te Midrash Pesher o Habakkuk (M, M.:S P, 1979); M. P. H, Pesharim: Qumran Interpretations o Biblical Books(CBQMS 8; W, D.C.: C B A A, 1979); w B. Nz, Pesher Habakkuk (J: M B; -Avv: -Avv Uv

P, 1986 [Hw]). S v Pesher Nahum G. L. D, 4Q Pesher Nahum: A Critical Edition (JSPSp 35; Sf: SfA P, 2001); S. L. B, Te Pesher Nahum Scroll rom Qumran: AnExegetical Study o 4Q169 (SDJ 53; L: B, 2004).


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4 markus bockmuehl

w, Mz, sui generis w - W , , w

pesharim p G-R S, j w Sw q. L p p v v Jw -, , , Nw p v p.3 T w . Ev P A, w p w w pp p w G-R

Jw w, v pesharim.

T p v , j f p Q p p w. W , v G-R . A v pesher p w Q H q p w .

I. What Makes a Commentary?

Gv pv Sp- , w p j . B I w works consisting primarily o sequential, expository annotation o iden-

tifed texts that are themselves distinguished rom the comments andreproduced intact,w p .

T w p, v p-v p. T pp, ,4 -B

3 S p pesher L, Pesharim,

4453.4 G. M. Nw, Hilary o Poitiers: A Study in Teological Method (EpUv S 23.108; B: P L, 1978), 16, 19, .


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origins o biblical commentary 5

,5 w B,6 w p p . T

w zz, p w w B,7 w lemma p w pv .8

Nv, w w p v f p-pp w p . A G J. B v Q, p

v , p z.9

5 A p ppz M. F, Biblical Interpretation in Ancient Israel(O:C, 1985); , I-B E, Hebrew Bible/Old estament: TeHistory o its Interpretation (. M. S; 1 v. 2 p; G: V& Rp, 1996), 1.1:3348.

6 T , v, w p - p w p w

Sp v. S D. J. H, A A Rw B I P, InternationalOrganization or Septuagint and Cognate Studies and the SBL Pseudepigrapha Seminar,1972 Proceedings (. R. A. K; M, M.: S B L, 1972),15564; p Studies in the estament o Abraham (. G. W. E. N;SBLSCS 6; M, M.: S P, 1976), 16572. F , .., S. W. Cw, Rewriting Scripture in Second emple imes(G Rp: E, 2008); D. K. F, Te Parabiblical exts: Strategies orExtending the Scriptures in the Dead Sea Scrolls (Cp Q S8; L: & C, 2007).

7 S, .., M. J. B, 4Q252: F R-W B B C-, JJS 45 (1994): 127; G. J. B, 4Q252 E Jw C, RevQ

17 (1996): 385401; Cw, Rewriting Scripture,13043, pw w . O 4Q252 w.8 T p w ;

, .., L, Pesharim, 5463; , B Q P BM C, Te Bible as Book: Te HebrewBible and the Judaean Desert Discoveries (. E. D. H E. v; L: BL; Nw C, D.: O K P, 2002), 7179.

9 G. J. B, Bw A C: T S Rw B U C P, Reworking the Bible: Apocryphaland Related exts at Qumran. Proceedings o a Joint Symposium by the Orion Center orthe Study o the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature and the Hebrew UniversityInstitute or Advanced Studies Research Group on Qumran, 1517 January, 2002 (.

E. G. Cz, D. D, R. A. C; SDJ 58; L: B, 2005), 95, 97:I Q p p v p. I p pesharim


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6 markus bockmuehl

T v w v p p v

w v. I v , v w pp - v. T p w , p p G L.W Jw ( C) -, w , p v pp , defnitive, p v v.I v w

theological p ( )reection v vw p w v q v v .W J-C G-R , wv, z p p w p v p .10

II. Greek and Roman Commentaries

I q, commentarius (G) w v w aide-mmoire pv f . T w v ; p -; jp, p v p; w w, p p (.., ),

v pv p

p w p w v . . . . T v p Q , p pesharim, w p w p.

10 C. M. H, People o the Book: Canon, Meaning, and Authority(C, M.: Hv Uv P, 1997), 3240; M. F,

H F , Homer, the Bible, and Beyond: Literary and ReligiousCanons in the Ancient World(. M. F G. G. S; J S R C 2; L: B, 2003), 92.


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, w.11 I w , p, , p-

p hypomnmata.12

O p C p p w J p (.., Dial. 106.23). U v p - pp.

A. Te Greek radition

A P B (. 70160 CE), S B- (. 700 BCE) v hypomnmata Ep - T (.., H).13 A H, w j C(. 159 BCE) pp P,14 w v pv w BCE,15 v p P

11

Sv w v; , .., H. T, C-, C, Dictionnaire des Antiquits Grecques et Romaines (.C. D E. S; 5 v.; P: H, 18731919), 1.2:14046; A. Lpp,C, KlPauly1:125759; F. B, D C, Hermes 81 (1953):21050; C. B. R. P, Commentarii, OCD, 373; R. A. K, K, DNP6:68082.

12 S F. M, Hp, DNP 5:81314, w inter alia w P, P, G, D L, P.-L. I p, P q Wwz-M pp v; (R. P, History o Classical Scholarship rom theBeginnings to the End o the Hellenistic Age [O: C, 1968], 29) U. vWwz-M, Einleitung in die griechische ragdie (B: W,

1907), 121219.13 P B, q E, Praep. Ev. 1.9.24. O S , ..,O. E, aautos und Sanchunjaton (B: A-V, 1952); W. R,S, KlPauly4:1539; J. F. H, S, OCD, 1352 .

14 C. P. B. R. F, R. Bw, N. G. W, C M, OCD,406; . P, History o Classical Scholarship, 140, 235, 23746.

15 S, .., D. O, A E Dv Pp: T O G Sp, Metaphor, Allegory, and the Classical radition: Ancient Toughtand Modern Revisions (. G. R. B-S; O: O Uv P, 2003),178; A. F, P Ip: E A E H, Epicraditions in the Contemporary World: Te Poetics o Community(. M. H. B,

J. , S. L. W; B: Uv C P, 1999) A. L, F A H L Ep, B-S,Metaphor,Allegory, and the Classical radition, 175. F, H F ,


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8 markus bockmuehl

P.16 T ,wv, pp v . S

p w w - Derveni Papyrus ( BCE) Op .17 Hwv, w v G L.18

T G E. I , wv, - , v Jwp H L Dp A,

w .C w q

H p. w v (ekdosis), w - (hypomnma) v A p BCE, v p

92, - T R. C. pv P, History oClassical Scholarship, 212.

16 C. F. S, E Jw Ip H S, S, Hebrew Bible/Old estament1.1:13098, pp. 13133 passim.

17 S, .., A. L, II pp Dv : P -, Proceedings o the XIXth International Congress o Papyrology, Cairo, 29September 1989 (. A. H. S. E-M; 2 v.; C: A S Uv,C Pp S, 1992), 1:32534; . P, History oClassical Scholarship, 139 . 7, ppv O, A E Dv Pp, 180, w Dv

(passim). T pp ( w P. Tessaloniki)w v G 1962 - p Opp . F , .., R. J, T DvPp: A I , Zeitschri r Papyrologie und Epigraphik 141 (2002): 162;A. L G. W. M, Studies on the Derveni Papyrus (O: O UvP, 1997); G. B, Te Derveni Papyrus: Cosmology, Teology, and Interpretation(C: C Uv P, 2004).

18 T , v , pv Nw Cp Ep hypomnmata Ap Plutus ( P, History o Clas-sical Scholarship, 16061, q Lexicon Messanense), p Carmen Saliare ( ) L A, R . J. G, Z E z W w-

K, Hermes 67 (1932): 397412, G , w w pp v.


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p.19 A p w p w p :

L j w M, . 280 BCE P I S.20

N , p w p (syngrammata) (hypomnmata) v .21 M vv , v q Bz p .

I p v A

w Q p p p. j , p , p, Lp ( . 320 BCE) C(. 305. 240) w E (. 275195), w w wv ; - v w Ap Bz (. 257180), R L ( p hypomnmata ).22

A hypomnmata pp w w C (2 BCE), w p H Ap. A S (. 216144), L -p p (),23 p H, H, P, A, Sp,Ap, H .24

19 P. H A p

v , p q p (.., Z, D) w v Jw .

20 S, .., L. D. R N. G. W, Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to theransmission o Greek and Latin Literature (3 .; O: C; Nw Y:O Uv P, 1991), 617.

21 F , .., P, History o Classical Scholarship, 21214;M, Hp, 814.

22 S S. j, Die au Papyri erhaltenen Kommentare zur alten Komdie: EinBeitrag zur Geschichte der antiken Philologie (B z A 175; M:S, 2002), 12327.

23 A, Deipnosophistae 15.12 (Athenaei Navcratitae Dipnosophistarvm libri

XV[. G. K; Lpz: , 1887]).24 C. J. F. Lz, R. Bw, N. G. W, A S,OCD, 159.


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10 markus bockmuehl

T w v pp v, p- O, w p v

p, q, A BCE CE.

G pp v w CE.25 T p w p , , -z , w w w v p v . T , w , w p .26

F v w w p w, v H, G Bw w.27 A ,v j A - Ap Ep,28 A P ( p P CE

25 T , , p w . A p- w v 112 pp M. F,I z pp, Studia Papyrologica 18 (1979): 69132; , pp. 12830; . pp. 92 . 74, 13132 .M . D, L ppq: qq v, Le commentaire entre tradition et inno-vation: Actes du Colloque International de lInstitut des raditions extuelles, Paris etVillejui, 2225 septembre 1999 (. M.-O. G-Cz . D; P: V,1999), 1527; W. Lpp, S, Hp Hp z

D Pp, Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter: Beitrge zu seinerErorschung(. W. G C. Sz; Cv C Aq M Av 2; L: B, 2002), 5577; j, Die au Papyri erhaltenenKommentare. S . 17 v Dv pp.

26 C. F, I z pp, 92.27 O j F, H F , 9196

(p. pp. 9495 De Homero); A. F, P Ip; S. H-, Te Septuagint and Homeric Scholarship in Alexandria: A Study in the Narrativeo the Letter o Aristeas (L Nw Y: R, 2003); pvP. Lvq,Aurea Catena Homeri: Une tude sur lAllegorie Grecque (A L v B; P: B L, 1959).

28 F ( ) A

p. j, Die au Papyri erhaltenen Kommentare; pv G. Zz, DieAristophanes-Scholien der Papyri (B: Sz, 1975; p 1939). j,211 passim, w j p, pp hypomnmata.


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D ),29 w H T D.30

A vp v v - E P (.., Ppp A, .320 CE), Hpp pp , w G (. 129199) w, w ,pv.31 I q, p w , vp p -B Gz.32

29 S v L W P, D, Op (.., Te Greek Commentaries on Platos Phaedo [. L. G. W;2 v.; A: N-H, 1976]; Damascius: Lectures on the Philebus [.L. G. W; A: N-H, 1959]; Olympiodori in Platonis GorgiamCommentaria [. L. G. W; B Sp G R; Lpz: , 1970)]); P Proclus: Commentaire surle ime (. A. J. F; 5 v.; Bq ppq; P:V, 196668); Proclus: Commentaire sur la Rpublique (. A. J. F; 3 v.;P: V, 1970). D. N. S, PAuctoritas R C, Philosophia ogata II: Plato and Aristotle at Rome (. J. B M. . Gf; O: C, 1997), 11029, R

P; C. DA C, C A: F L Aq AA, G Sz, Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter,20153, w A q v p.

30 E.., F, I z pp, 123.31 S H. v S, A W D N B A: G

C S C, Te Classical Commentary: Histories, Practices,Teory(. R. K. G C. Sw K; M Spp 232;L: B, 2002), 10940, w (.., pp. 13436) G q v w p . OG D. M A. R, G - Ipp, ANRW 37.2:15291635; Sp (6 ),Stephanus: Commentary on Hippocrates Aphorisms (. L. G. W; 3 v.;

Cp M G 11.1.3; B: A-V, 19851995); v p G , G. S, G Hpp: D B, G Sz, Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter, 25374. I. A, Cpp , G-Cz D, Le com-mentaire entre tradition et innovation, 3752, p pp w w w p. S H. v S, Herophilus: Te Art o Medicine in Early Alexandria.Edition, ranslation, and Essays (C: C Uv P, 1989), p Hp (. 330260) p .

32 S N. G. W, A Cp H S, CQ .. 17 (1967): 24456;

, A Cp H S: A Pp, CQ .. 18 (1968): 413 Gz; K. MN, A Cp H S, CQ 48 (1998):26988; . K. MN, M L H S, Greek, Roman andByzantine Studies 36 (1995): 399414, B.


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12 markus bockmuehl

T G w lemma p, L p w

v v p, , -, q, p, , pp . Nv, j pp v v pp p pp.33 T p, v, w .

B. Te Latin radition

M L w p p Ap, Carmen Saliare v V, v w w, -- BCE p C. Hv C, C.34 O w, w R pp w .

M v p .T p L

V - Sv, pp- w J D. T ,w p p w grammaticus urbis Romae, vv v vMSS.35 O p Pp Pp H ( ) A D (); w w .36 B , w wp vp V, w p

33 S, .., I. H, D pp K, G Sz, Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter, 18485, 199 passim, p pp . S pv H. U, E L P, , Kleine Schrien (Lpz: , 1913),2:265314, w W L w .

34 K, K, 681; C p p Zmyrna w p R p (. E. C, HvC, G, OCD, 681).

35 C., .., J. E. G. Zz, Latin extual Criticism in Antiquity (Mp

C S; Nw Y: A P, 1981), 8183; R W, Scribesand Scholars, 3233.36 J,Apologia Contra Rufnum 1.16 (CCL 79.15.26; q P. K. M,

K: II. L L, DNP14:105762, p. 1058), w


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q p . T pvariorum D p w

w p V -p. N w v .

, p Sv - V p .37 H q p p, w p. S w j v p.Sv w Einleitung: p, , (qualitas) p,

. T w -- w--w p , V . T j , w V p p . F, Sv 38 , w H G L p, pp , q .

F pp, p . W p Q.

III. Qumran Commentaries

T D S S v p Jw Sp, p

. 100 BCE70 CE.

V, S, C, , P, L,F, P, L.

37 F I B. G, K, DNP

14:105557; M, K: II. L L, 105960; K, K-, 68182.38 F L p. Zz, Latin extual Criti-

cism in Antiquity(81147 Sv, 14870 D).


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14 markus bockmuehl

A. Identifcation

B pp, w p v , S. I p, v Commentary on Genesis (4Q252, 4Q253, 4Q254,4Q254).39 O , 4Q252 p , p f .40I J G p v pishro ( p,

4Q252 4:5) p G 49:4, p p p G 49:10 M , Dv (4Q252 5:34). Cp, D S vw P pp p p Sp (, .., 4QMM C 2024 = 4Q398 1113 37). Dp ,wv, 4Q252 v v: p vrewritten G 7:108:13; 9:2427; 22:1012; 49:320.

Ap 4 (p) 5, p lemmata p; f w p p aggiornamento w w p v v . A v p p v ,

39

S f p: G. J. B, 252. 4QC G A, Qumran Cave 4.XVII: Parabiblical exts, Part 3 (. G. J. B .; DJD 22;O: C, 1996), 185207; , 253. 4QC G B, B ., DJD 22.20912; , 254. 4QC G C, B ., DJD 22.21732; , 254. 4QC G D, B .,DJD 22.23336. F w w v G pesher;, .., Te Dead Sea Scrolls ranslated: Te Qumran exts in English (. F. GMz; . W. G. E. W; L: B; G Rp: E, 1996), 213,w Te Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition (. F. G Mz E. J. C. ;2 v.; L: B; G Rp: E, 199798), 1:505.

40 C. B, P; B, 4Q252: F R-W B BC; J. L. , C G A, Te Dead Sea Scrolls:

Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek exts with English ranslations, Vol. 6B:Pesharim, OtherCommentaries, and Related Documents (. J. H. Cw .; : MS; Lv: W J K, 2002), 20319 ; Cw, Rewriting Scripture, 13043.


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p -p p p.41 I p

, pp w wB pp .42 I , , p 4Q252 p emple Scroll, Jubilees, Pseudo-Ezekiel, Q pp p vpesharim, w w .43

A p - pesher 11QMelchizedek 4QFlorilegium, w p-

p p .44 A pishro p,45 w w consecutive p , jv . A p pp pesharim, p pp .46 T pp, mutatismutandis, Damascus Document .

41 S, .., Cw, Rewriting Scripture,14142. B, 4Q252 E JwC, 400 p p pp v , v q w w w vw.

42 S, .., B, 4Q252 E Jw C, 395400; B,4Q252: F R-W B B C, 24 passim; ,C G A, 204 . 4.

43 A p pp w Commentary onMalachi B (4Q253), w pishro al p

v w. A w p 4Q159 5 1, w pp pesher p Lv 16:1. T 4QpU(4Q172) p w . I , w v w . O p L, Pesharim, 53; B, P,779; , .., p Cw, Te Dead Sea Scrolls:Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek exts with English ranslations, Vol. 6B, 203365, .

44 C. B, P, 779; L, Pesharim, 14, p J. C, L D Q Mq, RevQ 7 (196971):34278. S L pesharim ,pp. 1618. D. I-Bw, echniques and Assumptions in Jewish Exegesis Beore 70CE (SAJ 30; : M [S], 1992), 194, 4QF

2 S 7; , p , w 13.45 .. 11QM (11Q13) 2:12, 17; . 4QF (4Q174) 1 14, 19.46 S L, Pesharim, 15.


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16 markus bockmuehl

, p v wpesher w

pv q. A Q w w , v, w Damascus Document. Fp pp, wv, w pesharim v- p pp p.

B. Characteristics

F p pp, , I w p v- pesharim, Hw: v I, v pp (H [2], M [1], N[1], H [1], Zp [2]) P (P 37, 68,129).47 A pv pp p , v v q. W w w G B Q pesher v j ,

47 4QpI (4Q161), 4QpI (4Q162), 4QpI (4Q163), 4QpI (4Q164), 4QpI(4Q165); 4QpH (4Q166), 4QpH (4Q167); 1QpM (1Q14); 4QpN (4Q169);1QpH; 1QpZp (1Q15), 4QpZp (4Q170); 1QpP (1Q16), 4QpP (4Q171), 4QpP(4Q173, N.B. . 5, w 4Q173: M. P. H, H S F [4Q173 = 4Q173 olim], Cw, Te Dead Sea Scrolls:Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek exts with English ranslations, Vol. 6B, 36365 [. 31. 5]. R w pp- I pesher, 3QpI (3Q4), I 1:1, p M pesher,4QpM()

(4Q168), M 4:910; pesharim H, P. T p Mpesher, 5QpM() (5Q10), M 1:14, w Commentary on MalachiA (.., J. H. Cw,C M A, Cw, Te Dead Sea Scrolls: Hebrew, Ara-maic, and Greek exts with English ranslations, Vol. 6B, 24043), p wCommentary on Malachi B (4Q253; G. J. B, C M B, Cw, Te Dead Sea Scrolls: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek exts with Eng-lish ranslations, Vol. 6B, 24447; . pv B, 253. 4QC M, DJD 22.21315). B f p v ; a

ortiori 4QpU (4Q172; J. H. Cw C. D.E, U P F [4Q172 = 4QpU], Cw, Te

Dead Sea Scrolls: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek exts with English ranslations, Vol. 6B,195201); 4Q183 (J. H. Cw C. D. E, P-L F[4Q183], Cw, Te Dead Sea Scrolls: Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek extswith English ranslations, Vol. 6B, 35861).


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p pesher.48 Nv, vw

pesher. E v f :

1. A v , , p . A lemmata j , w v p, j p p v w . M p-

, Q relecture Sp v not Vorlage, q p.49

2. N pesharim q p ; p w w w p w. W Q v q v p ( lemma) p .

3. S q p, w (v I ) w v p-p . S, p vw p . I 4Q163, , ppesherqv p 830 I,50 w pesharim N H p v () v . I , wv, p w p ;

p p (.., pishro [al asher],pesher ha-dabar [al], hu[ah] .),51 v p (

48 C. B, P, 783.49 S J. R. W, Rvw: . H. L, Holy Scripture in the Qumran Com-

mentaries and Pauline Letters, JBL 120 (2001): 17578, pp. 17677.50 S, .., H, Pesharim: Qumran Interpretations o Biblical Books, 8693; .

L, Pesharim, 29.51

N, .., , C GA; M. J. B, I F C R- B- V Q P, DSD 1 (1994): 3070, p. pp. 6768 w pesharim.


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18 markus bockmuehl

pesharim I w H, N H-: 4Q161, 4Q166, 4Q167, 4Q169; 1QpH).

4. A w , p v p w q.52

5. T D S p p. G p, , p - Q pvw.

6. T v

v p pp p, , v p, w p- p. T p p p ( )- .

7. I p w pv , p p -v p ( p)53 v vv, v w v p, R, w.54 A H w, v pp v p w,55 pp unulflledpp p more w. I p w lemma Q- p w

52 4QpI (4Q163), w v I, qv pp (J, Z, H) -. T pp p 4QpI (4Q165), w editio princeps p q ; J. M. A, 165.C I (E), Qumrn Cave 4.I (4Q1584Q186) (. J. M. A;DJD 5; O: C, 1968), 2830 p. . I vw pesharim I, w p - , v (. L, Pesharim, 29, J. S M. P. H).

53

M 1QpH 6:157:6; . 1QpH 2:810; 4QpI

(4Q164).54 C. M. B, Revelation and Mystery in Ancient Judaismand Pauline Christianity(WUN 2.36; : M S, 1990), 7981.

55 1QpH 7:114; . 4 Ezra 12:12; I 16:1314.


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, w v w Jw pp .56

8. A Q, , p w v-. A v p v 4QpN 34 111. W p w PesherN (aryeh) N 2:12 (E 2:11) wD, Yv (p D III E, 9588BCE), p dierent (aryeh) N 2:13(E 2:12) p Jw w v ; , A J (w

P ).57

IV. he Scrolls and Ancient Commentary:Alexandrian Literary Criticism in the Judean Desert?

W, , w w G-R Sp - pp v

D S 100 BCET w w :

v S K w, p p p P w v p v w p v.

G , wv, v v p- , pp w pp. A w Jw p

p vp , w v v P . M propos p

56 C., .., J. C. VK, T PpSp O AppT, A Word in Season: Essays in Honour o William McKane (. J. D. M- P. R. Dv; JSOSp 42; Sf: JSO P, 1986), 16376, w K. M, M W App, Congress

Volume, Uppsala 1971 (VSp 22; L: B, 1972), 26893; , .., p LXX E 10:3 c.57 C. Jp,Ant. 13.372383; War1.9098. F p aryeh

kefrim p L, Pesharim, 3233.


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20 markus bockmuehl

p, v Q z: ,

p w q A p Hwplene p, p p w v p p p pp pp.

I v p, , p wQ Hwpp v v A. A , p v w w w v w

. G pp DS W M, V M.58A Q p N H v p w

v G. T w j Jw Ap w w . Ep Jw w v w H L, J Jw w v p p p Sp.59 Ev Jp p P Antiquities w pp q z M w v , .60

58Aeneid4.9 (M pp 721). T V P J - W. H, D p V J, Gemeinde ohne empel / Community without emple: Zur Substituierung

und ransormation des Jerusalemer empels und seines Kults im Alten estament,antiken Judentum und rhen Christentum (. B. E, A. L, P. P;WUN 118; : M S, 1999), 14968, pp. 15762 passim; . P. S. A, H Pp A M : L AqE H Ep M, Te Use o Books in the

Ancient World(. L. V. R .; Lv: P, 1998), 12742 pvp w H M. F W M Les grottes de Murabbaat(. P. B, J. . M R. V; 2 v.; DJD2;O: C, 1961), 1:23438 (. 108112); E. v,T N G J D, Nov43 (2001): 111.

59 LXX E 10:3l; Aristeas 46 passim; B S (P 27); Gp Mw (2:1314), pp .

60

Jp Ant. 1.24, , (w wv !). N G. V, Eine ora r den Knigalmai: Untersuchungen zum bersetzungsverstndnis in der jdisch-hellenistischen und


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I w v v p , w w p

p w E Terapeutae L M Lw Ep, w w w P A p Sp - . T E, w, p v p w ( , Prob.80). T p S, w w p , p p p w

-v (, Prob. 82).P , Terapeutae, w

v C,61 w p Ep E v. T (NB , Vit. Cont. 29) w, pp , p ; p w v p - H Sp (). I p w , w p p (, Vit. Cont. 2829).T p Sp 62 p p v q, w p (: Vit. Cont. 75) p p p Sp v . I p

w w v () v () v () ; vw v v (,Vit. Cont. 7578). O w p w , v P

rabbinischen Literatur(SAJ 41; : M S, 1994), 21315 passim,

Sp Jw.61 E.., E, Eccl. Hist. 2.1617.62 ,

Vit. Cont. 78.


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22 markus bockmuehl

v p .

W w , PE Tp p lemmata q p- Q p .63 T q p v pp. Nv, P p Sitz im Leben v, p S v (proseuchai) , w p w p p p, .64 P

w E Tp- p w w pp Sp p,w v .65

P w w A H , w Jw pp v p. Dp P pv ,66 A p Jw p-C p p H . Pp H -P v , p H w q ,

63 p Dv F, M. K, A C H:B Ip Q Ip, Biblical Perspectives: EarlyUse and Interpretation o the Bible in Light o the Dead Sea Scrolls. Proceedings o theFirst International Symposium o the Orion Center or the Study o the Dead Sea Scrolls

and Associated Literature, 1214 May, 1996(. M. E. S E. G. Cz; SDJ28; L: B, 1998), 111 . 37, P E pesher . K pesharim p P vp Jw ,wv, v P pA .

64 Hypothetica, apudE, Praep. Ev. 8.7.13. F p. J. L,Jewish Worship in Philo o Alexandria (SAJ 84; : MS, 2001), 8990; pp. 9395 P w p.

65 S, .., Nw, Hilary o Poitiers, 2023.66 C., .., P, History o Classical Scholarship, 140, 167, 237; J. C P,

Jw C A A P C, Alexandria, Real and Imagined(. A. H M. S. S; L: A, 2004),15253; D. Dw,Allegorical Readers and Cultural Revision in Ancient Alexandria(B: Uv C P, 1992), 7475; C P Dw P p.


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w (.., p p) v.67

A Jw P vp , v. Ap Sp, w w - BCE Letter o Aristeas(14469), A, Ap.68 T Letter o Aristeas p p Sp w w H .69 I K Hw w Jw, D

(3031):

T v, p p, [] q. T v v - p. S [], [].70

I p p pp Jw - p G w v A p H

67 F pp H ., .., R. L, T Np Spz H, Homers Ancient Readers: Te Hermeneuticso Greek Epics Earliest Exegetes (. R. L J. J. K; M CP; P: P Uv P, 1992), 11533 (p. P Pp); pv Lvq,Aurea Catena Homeri, 10; F. Bf, Les MythesdHomre et la Pense Grecque (P: B L, 1956), 23; Hraclite: AllgoriesdHomre (. F. Bf; C Uv F; P: B L,

1962) ( H Homeric Allegories); R. M. G, Te Letter and the Spirit(L: SPCK, 1957); F. W, Zur Geschichte der allegorischenDeutung Homers im Altertum (Lpz: R. N, 1928).

68 S p. A, apudE, Praep. Ev. 8.9.3810.17; 13.12.916. - OP2:83742; A.-M. D M. D J, Pseudepigrapha Veterisestamenti Graece (3 v.; L: B, 196470), 3:21728.

69 A p vp H, Te Septuagint and Homeric Scholarship,4849, 13036 p; . D. W, A A W-A Sp q, extus 8 (1973): 3144, p; S. L, Hellenism in Jewish Palestine: Studies in the Literary ransmission,Belies and Manners o Palestine in the I Century BCEIV Century CE (Nw Y:Jw T S A, 1950), 4782, .

70

F pv f G w q, , ..,R. J. H. S, L A, OP2:734, pp. 1415 . ()(); M. H,Aristeas to Philocrates (Jw App L; Nw Y: Kv, 1973), 110 .;H, Te Septuagint and Homeric Scholarship, 48 164 . 39.


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24 markus bockmuehl

p.71 D Cp, , v- w p p,

pp A pv p (/), w p w , ppp, q ().72 A w H pv q v Book o Jubilees; , p -pp p , w P -p D S.73 (Ev A Jw,

, w w p w v H p M p .)74

P, w , w v w - -p A p H, w v 50.75 P pp A v

71 S, .., W, A A W-A, 36 passim, A Sp -q; . H, Te Septuagint and Homeric Scholarship,11943. Pace Dw,Allegorical Readers, 7478, w P Jw (75; 26970 . 2) w . . . p A (74). WP p vw Sp v (Dw, Allegorical Readers, 8689; .S, E Jw Ip, 17374),Aristeas .

72 O P q, , .., L, Hellenism in Jewish Pales-tine, 6568; 4782 passim; S.-. W, P Quaestiones et Solutiones in Genesim:A Sp App, SBL Seminar Papers, 1993 (SBLSP32; A: S P,1993), 2253; P. B L. S, Q S: S O-v F P E, Studia Philonica 4 (19761977): 115; H. D H. D, Ep, RAC 6:34270, Erotapokriseis. F D, J. H, D Cp,OP2:84354, p. 845.

73 S C. W, T Book o Jubilees H C, Zion 66 (2001):27596, p. 294 (Hw).

74 S, E Jw Ip, 190; . pp. 19097 Jw pv E, P-P .

75 Bf, Les Mythes dHomre et la Pense Grecque, 3839 . 27, w v- v : , P ppp Np q, p H, p pq, v U q v v p. P wv , w Migr. 8993. C. B, Revelation and Mystery, 7881.


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w v p P (.., Leg., Spec.,QG, QE), w ppar excellence pp

v .76

H w p ,pp p pp. T vw Sp w -p p Aristeas.77

I vw , P z p p E Terapeutae. Ev (; razim) p (, ; niglot) (, ;

nistarot) w p.78 A v v p P pesharimw w v S p p.79

P pp, , w Jw- q. T A P Jw p p ,80 P p P p.81 P pp v v J( A) p .82 W , p A Jw p p D S - w w

76 C. S, E Jw Ip, 17172, .77 N , p w Hw,

pp Mos. 2.3740. S S,E Jw Ip, 18287, p P ; P w w H (185).

78 F , .., B, Revelation and Mystery,77.79 A p I-Bw, echniques and Assumptions,194.80 N Dv D (.., D. D, R M Ip

H R, HUCA 22 [1949]: 23964; , A M Ip R, 1953, Essays in Greco Roman and Related almudicLiterature [. H. A. F; Nw Y: Kv, 1977], 16582); . J. Cz, PhilondAlexandrie: De la grammaire la mystique (CESp 44; P: C, 1983), 88; J. Cz, P A, ,ANRW21.1:156226.

81 S, .., I-Bw, echniques and Assumptions, 199200, 2034; . H. A. W, Philo: Foundations o Religious Philosophy in Juda-ism, Christianity, and Islam (2 v.; C: Hv Uv P, 1947). App, S. B, Philo and the Oral Law: Te Philonic Interpretation o Biblical Lawin Relation to the Palestinian Halakah (C, M.: Hv Uv P,1940; p. Nw Y: J, 1968).

82 Prov. 2.64; w v v v J, F. H. C ad loc. LCL .


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pp v Cv 4 7, w NH v, G 3%

.83

A w , L some D S vw G, pesherp w- Sp p v.84 I , A pv w z G w Q85 v v w B w .

A p - p v Hp D,86 v w v z- p p w com-mentary A Q. A Q , , pesher q Jw C p. Lw, wv, A

83 O 4Q186 (.., M. H, Q H, Judaica et Hellenistica: Kleine Schrien [WUN 90; :M S, 1996], 25894; . M. H, Q H, Religionin the Dead Sea Scrolls [. J. J. C R. A. K; G Rp: E,2000], 4656); 4Q341 4Q468 ( w . W. H, T Pp N 4Q468: PJJS 50 [1999]: 31011); W M . 58 v.

84 . H. L, T Q S, M, B Ip, C K, Religion in the Dead Sea Scrolls, 6772. v, N G , 911, pv O G Q

- BCE kaige-T (w p-M) N H v.85 F M Pp D. B, Les

devanciers dAquila: Premire publication intgrale du texte des ragments du Dod-caprophton trouvs dans le dsert de Juda (L: B, 1963); . Te Greek MinorProphets Scroll rom Nahal Hever (8HevXIIgr) (Te Seiyl Collection I) (. E. v, R. A.K, P. J. P; v. .; DJD 8; O: C, 1995); , .., A. v Kj, Ppv S Sp: W V73 (1998): 21429; A. v Kj, W Hw B H Rp: T C H 1:1112, Die extunde vomoten Meer und der ext der Hebrischen Bibel (. U. D, A. L, H. L; N-V: N V, 2000), 91108.

86

S p ( vw pv) , M. D. H,C C , Zion 44 (1979): 4356, p. 54 . 74 (Hw), p w N 21:18 CD 6:36 N 24:13 CD 7:1819.


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- C ( H, w O,

A, D, T).87

I p v v S p p Ap, A Jw w E- v J Bp pv C Ep C.88

V. Conclusion:Qumran and Ancient Commentary

I , p j pv p v p . Nv, desideratum p Q p w Jw w w v H - w q. C v p w

: v p v p v w pp .

B w p , I w w v -pv :

1. Lv p orilegia, vp vw w sequential

texts, v v v

87 C. .. W. H, O Ip W CF, Mikra: ext, ranslation, Reading, and Interpretation o the Hebrew Biblein Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity (. M. J. M H. S; CRIN2:1; A: V G; Mp: F, 1990), 72787, pp. 73336 . 16.T A pp w v Zz, Die

Aristophanes-Scholien der Papyri, w j, Die au Papyri erhaltenen

Kommentare,215.88 S A 18:2419:7; . 1 C 1:12; 3:46, 22; 4:6; 16:12. I D. R. Swz, O Q, J Bp, B,Mz, Q, Ep, RevQ 13 (1988): 63546, p. 646.


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28 markus bockmuehl

w w .Q A v

pv; p v v w pp , , p w . Hv , v vp p p , w v-, p, p . G w q , vw w. S,

p G-R w p w w.

2. W q , v lemmata. T p - pv q lemmata, v p . I pp, M F lemmata ppp v p p 89 p v v Q , w p w zp . P v p lemmata p p p , G-R p .90

3. T p w p

p v p vp . T p v p: w Q pishro,pesher ha-dabar , pp, p .91 A Q, lemma . W

89

S F, I z pp, 81.90 I., 91. N p pw M G, w .

91 C. ., 97.


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p v p j p , p

w v p.92 B Q G-R p q w w (p H); v pv p w v.

4. F, A p H p f , v

p p , w G p w. I A w pp , P p E Tp v p . A pp Q p q pp v w G-R v p vp. I w- Jw -, A H L, w p H A w F Gp.93

92 C. ., 1024.93 A , B. A p, w W L

w (D Rzp

J, Te New estament in Early Christianity = La rceptiondes crits notestamentaires dans le Christianisme primiti [. J.-M. Sv; BEL86; Lv: Lv Uv P P, 1989], 139), ( P, H, V) w pv Nw w ekdosis . N.B.: W. A. L, V V L 12,89/M 10,32, VC57 (2003): 43755, vv H p L. I C M. B, T M Gp C, Te Writ-ten Gospel(. M. B D. A. H; C: C UvP, 2005), 27495.

I v W H

J C P; pp 2004 O C Sp Hw Uv J, , T, P Q E C; F S CUv 2005.