The Civil War 1861-1865

The Causes of the Civil War

The Election of 1860

The Tariff of 1816

Railroads and industry are only in the North

The Beginnings of the War

Union still has a hold on Fort Sumpter in Charleston, SC Lincoln’s dilemma

Confederates fire upon Sumpter in April 1861 Davis’s dilemma

More states leave the Union

Virginia Arkansas Tennessee North Carolina

The case of Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri

Union vs. Confederacy

Advantages @ Start of Civil War

Union Confederacy

Resources/Economy x

Manpower x

Military Leadership x

Presidential Leadership x

Motivation x

Military Strategy x x

Military Strategies - Union

•Anaconda Plan•3 goals

• Naval Blockade• Control Mississippi• Take Richmond

•Why?

Military Strategy - Confederacy

Best Offense is a Good Defense Fighting for livelihood – Way of life Homefield Advantage

LeadershipUnion Confederacy

Lincoln – President

Calm, Cool, Reserved

Davis – President

TemperamentalGeorge McClellan – EastArmy of the Potomac

Robert E. Lee - East

Ulysses S. Grant – West “Stonewall” Jackson

David Farragut - Sea

Early Battles Bull Run, Virginia, July 1861

Significance 1st major bloodshed

Shiloh, Tennessee, March 1862 Significance Scouts, Trenches

Monitor vs. Merrimack, March 1862 Significance End of wooden ship era

Fight for the Capital Leads to…

Antietam, Maryland – September 1862 Bloodiest single day in war

26,000 casualties Standoff (Tie) Union had opportunity to end War but did not take

advantage Results…..?

Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863

Day One

Day Two

Day Three

Aftermath

Vicksburg, Ms May 18-July 4, 1863

Politics and Life During the Civil War

Trent Affair, 1861 Attempt by the Confederacy to gain support from

Britain and France

Lincoln and Slavery Disliked slavery, but felt the

federal government should not have the power to ban it

His main goal was to protect the Union

The Emancipation Proclamation How did Lincoln free slaves

in the Confederacy? Benefits? Where did it apply? Northern reactions? Southern reactions?

Dealing with Dissent Habeas Corpus

What is it? Who is arrested?

Conscription What is it? Opposition?

Domestic Life during the War

Shortages in the south

Booming in the North

Where are the slaves in the war?

Those left on the plantation

Those who joined to fight

Those trying to free themselves

Medical Attention United States Sanitary Commission

1. 2.

Hospitals

End of the Civil War

Confederacy Wears Down

Change in Military Strategy Fight for armistice, instead of victory

Confederate Morale Dangerously Low! Disunity

Jefferson Davis unable to govern effectively Discord

Disagreement over whether or not to continue the fight Desertions

Troops leaving to fight for the Union

Total War Union New Military

Strategy Attack military &

civilian – WHY?

Grant & Sherman lead way

Grant vs. Lee in Virginia Sherman in Georgia &

Carolinas

Union’s Occupancy

Appomattox Court House, VA April 9, 1865

Lee Surrenders to Grant Remaining Confederate

troops surrender within two months

CIVIL WAR LEGACY

Political Changes Federal government’s power increases

Income Tax personal income taxed to pay for government purposes

Draft drafted to fight in war

Paper Currency individuals must accept new paper currency

Economic Changes Big Divide

North benefited from war Businesses thrived

South affected by total war Lost labor, livestock, railroad, machinery Southerners earned 40% of Northerners after war

Civil War Destruction on Human Life: A Comparison

Social Change 13th Amendment – January 1865

Outlawed slavery 4 million African Americans freed – NOW WHAT?

Results How does US introduce, or incorporate into society?

War Veterans War is over, where to go? Some stayed in Military, others headed west for new

opportunities

Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865

5 days after Lee surrendered John Wilkes Booth kills

Lincoln at Ford’s Theater, as Lincoln is watching a play.

Lincoln died the following morning 1st time a president had

been assassinated in US History

Booth killed during the attempted captured 12 days later