The Civil War part 3UNION VICTORIES START TO PILE UP•New Orleans was captured by the Union Navy in late 1862. This was a huge loss for the south as New Orleans was the south's most important port.

VICKSBURGVICKSBURG•Grant captured Vicksburg, Mississippi after a long siege from May 18 to July 4, 1863. With the capture of Vicksburg and New Orleans, the Union now controlled the Mississippi River and had divided the south into two parts.

•Abraham Lincoln was so impressed by Ulysses S. Grant he gave him command of the entire Union Army. He would now go East to take on Robert E. Lee.

Lee decided to invade the North to try and force Lincoln to end the war.

Gettysburg July 1st -3rd 1863

•The battle was fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania and was the bloodiest battle ever fought on American soil

Gettysburg lasted three days. On the third day Lee ordered George Pickett and 15,000 men to charge the middle of the Union Lines.“Pickett’s Charge” was a disaster. Lee lost 7,000 men and had to retreat back to Virginia.

• Gettysburg was a HUGE victory for the North!• It is considered the turning point of the Civil War. After

this battle the North would relentlessly attack the Confederacy.

George PickettGeorge Pickett

Grant Invades the South

• After Gettysburg, Grant pushed south to once again try and capture Richmond.

Grant tried again and again to get around the right side of Lee's army, destroy it, then move on Richmond and end the war. Lee saw what he was trying to do and managed to stop him. The struggle continued along a hundred-mile line before the two armies settled in for a siege at Petersburg, southeast of the Confederate capital

Grant army suffered tremendous losses in the Battle of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor. But his wounded soldiers were quickly replaced by railroad and he kept attacking.

Every soldier Lee lost was a solider that he could not replace.

Trenches at PetersburgTrenches at Petersburg

• Grant gave his friend Sherman the job of taking Atlanta, Georgia.

William Tecumseh ShermanWilliam Tecumseh Sherman

“March To The Sea”

• After a tough fight to capture Atlanta, Sherman marched his men southeast to the ocean leaving a huge path of destruction along the way, finally taking Savannah, Georgia on the coast.

• Sherman used a “Total War” strategy which affected civilians as well

The EndAppomattox Courthouse

• Lee is forced from his trenches in April of 1865 and flees west with Grant in pursuit.

Grant catches Lee at Appomattox Courthouse in western Virginia. Lee is forced to surrender. The war was coming to an end.

Gettysburg Address

Four score and seven years ago…

• -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address

Lincoln Assassinated

• Five days after Lee’s surrender Abraham Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C.

• .He died the next day.

The north mourned the loss of Lincoln and a massive manhunt began to hunt down his killer. Booth was killed days later.

The Soldiers of the Civil War• The Civil War lasted from April

1861 to May of 1865.• 3 million men served in the

Union and Confederate Armies. • Around 600,000 Americans were

killed and another 500,000 were wounded.

• Thousands of soldiers would live the rest of their lives with the scars of war. An example: In 1866 1/5 of the Mississippi state budget went to prosthetic limbs.

Veterans of both armies shake hands at a reunion at Gettysburg

The U.S. Government during the war• The Federal Government expanded during the war. The

Government started an income tax to pay for the war, passed the Homestead Act which gave free western lands to settlers if they improved the land, and started the Transcontinental Railroad which would connect California to the east by rail.

• The 13th Amendment was passed that abolished slavery. • After the war it was followed by the 14th which granted

citizenship to ALL Americans and the 15th which gave ALL men the right to vote.

Colored Troops• After the Emancipation Proclamation African

Americans were allowed to fight in the U.S. Army for the Union. They did so in great numbers and fought very well.

• Hispanic Americans fought too. Hundreds of Mexican-Texans fought for Texas and the Confederacy.

The Draft• During the war the Union and

the Confederacy used a draft (forced conscription into the army) to get more soldiers.

• All men 18-35 had to serve• Very unpopular• In the South the rich could

avoid it if they owned 20 slaves or hire someone to take their place.

• In the North cash payments were paid to volunteers so only a small % were drafted.

Women roles in the War• Most women had to stay home and

work the family farm while the men fought in the war. They also worked in factories and did jobs that men had done before.

• Thousands of women like Dorothea Dix and Clara Barton served as nurses and made a world of difference for their wounded soldiers. Barton founded the Red Cross

Dix

Barton

Some women even secretly fought!

Union Strength and Weaknesses Strengths

-Large population

-22 million

-Most Industry and Manufacturing in the North

-Technology advantage: Telegraph and railroads

-Powerful Navy

-Lincoln was great President

Weaknesses

-Had to attack and conquer the large south.

-Bad Generals

Confederate Strength and Weaknesses

Strengths

-Excellent Generals

-Homefield advantage. They knew the land and were motivated to defend their homes

Weaknesses

-Small population 9 Million of whom 3.5 million were slaves

-Very small industrial base

-Lacked technology, few railroads

Consequences of the WarCauses of the War

-Slavery

-States Rights

-Economic differences

between north and South

-Secession of the South

Effects of the War

-Abolition of Slavery

-Growth of Federal Government

-Growth of industry

-Nation reunited