The Cold War at Home & Two Nations on the

EdgeChapter 26 Section 3 & 4

Objective & Do NowObjective:

Understand how the Red Scare led to the restriction of American freedoms and rights

Do Now:WHAT OTHER TIME IN AMERICAN HISTORY HAVE WE (AMERICANS) SACRIFICED OUR PERSONAL FREEDOMS OUT OF FEAR OF OUTSIDERS?

I Brinkmanship Rules US PolicyA. Race for the H-Bomb• Soviets explode its 1st Atomic bombtalks of US making H-Bomb• Thermonuclear bomb in which atoms are fused creating 67x more of an

explosion than that in Hiroshima

• Arguments over the morality of such a weapon begins• Truman authorizes work on the Hydrogen bomb after SU explosion of

Atom Bomb takes away our advantage• H-Bomb in 1952 but SU gets one the following year

• Arms race begins Federal Civil Defense Administration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-dKTxCwUv04

I Fear of Communist Influence• “iron curtain” & SU takeover of China

scares Americans• Rise in membership to America

communist party• Some SU spies infiltrate US gov’t

• Staunch Anti-Communist Republicans accuse Truman of being “soft” on communismexecutive order sets up the Federal Loyalty and Security Program• Sets up the Loyalty Review Board=

investigates gov’t employees and dismiss those found to be disloyal

• Loyalty Rev. Board violates ppls constitutional rights• Accused cant see evidence held against them or

know who their accuser was

• House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)= Congressional committee began to search out disloyalty in the movie industry• Wanted to rid suspected Communists so they cant

spread communist prop.

• Hollywood Ten= 10 men accused by HUAC who did not coop with committee because they believed their hearings were unconst.• Hollywood execs institute a blacklist• List of ppl whom Hollywood film makers would not

hire because they were allegedly communists ruined careers

• HUAC investigates Alger Hiss= a New Deal lawyer who worked in the State Department• Accused of spying for SU and sending documents to their gov’t• Too many yrs. pass to charge for espionage so they charge with perjury• Convicted of perjury and sentenced to 5 yrs. In jail

• Ethel & Julius Rosenburg accused of sending SU nuclear energy documents leading them to explode A-bomb• Activists in the communists party• Plead the 5thconvicted and sentenced to deathelectric chair

• As Hollywood rids itself of commies, Congress decides Loyalty Rev. is not enoughpass McCarran Internal Security Bill• Made it illegal to plan any action

that might lead to the establishment of a totalitarian dictatorship in the US

• Truman vetoes “in a free country we punish men for crimes they commit, but never for opinions they hold”• Congress overrides Truman’s veto

II McCarthy Launches his “Witch Hunt”

• Anti communist Republican senator Joseph McCarthy begins to accuse ppl w/in the gov’t of being communist• Takes advantage of the “red scare” and makes

unproven accusations• Claims to have a list of hundreds of

government workers• Claims that Democratic Party guilt of

treason for allowing Communist infiltration

• McCarthyism= the tactics used by McCarthy in his hunt for commies w/in the gov’t• When challenged he accused another

person

• McCarthy accuses US Armytelevised investigationhis downfall• Bullied the witnesses which alienated the audience• Senate condemns him for improper conduct

• During this era, many Americans were so scared of communism and tried so hard to get rid of its influence that they were willing to compromise their own freedom• McCarthyism/Hollywood 10/HUAC/Loyalty Rev. Board = EXAMPLES OF

COMPROMISING FREEDOM OUT OF FEAR OF COMMUNISM

HOMEWORK QUESTION ( 1 PAGE MINUMUM RESPOSE)

- SHOULD WE, AS AMERICANS, EVER GIVE UP OUR FREEDOMS?

III CIA & Covert Operations• Eisenhower uses Central Intelligence Agency

(CIA) to carry gather info on foreign terr. And covert ops to overthrow govt’s hostile to US• IRAN= Prime Minister Mohammed

Mossadegh places oil industry under gov’t control• Iran’s econ failsUS fears they will look for SU

(communist) help• CIA organized military Coup replaces

Mossadegh with PahlaviAmerican resentment in the area

•Guatemala= Democratically elected President Jacobo Arbenz Guzman redistributes land among rural poor•CIA trains a Guatemalan army

force which bombs and invades Guatemala•CIA installs pro-US gov’t leader

Carlos Castillo ArmasStirs American resentment as in Iran

IV Cold War Spreads • Growing tensions between US & SU when W Germany allowed to

rearm and join NATOWarsaw pact• Military alliance between SU and the satellite nations under its control

• Eisenhower proposes an “open skies” initiative at Geneva Convention• US & SU would allow recon missions in each other terr. Top guard

against surprise nuclear attacksNikita Kruschev (SU Communist leader) rejects

• GB & France own Suez Canal located in Egyptian terr. • Egyptian leader seizes canalGB,

French, & Israelite invasion of EgyptSU allying w/ Egypt• SU threatens use of nuclear bomb

US states it wont tol. That action• Ends in cease fire

• Su prestige in ME risesEisenhower Doctrine• US would defend the ME from attack

by any communist country• Congress approves giving pres.

Authority to us Amer. Forces at his discretion in ME

V Cold War takes to the Skies: Space Race

•SU launch Sputnik on October 4th, 1957 Space Race•1st unarmed satellite above

the earths atmosphere• SU demonstrates its ability to

launch nuclear weapons to any location in the world

• Sputniks success made US feel vulnerable and inferior in techNational Defense Education Act•makes changes to EDU system to

improve science, math, & Foreign lang. courses

•National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) 1958• 1st attempts at launching was

unsuccesfulUS sends Explorer I into orbit

• After failed “open skies” proposal CIA begins making secret high altitutde flights over SU• U2 plane used for these flights designed to

fly higher than SU fighter planes & beyond reach of antiaircraft missiles

• Eisenhower & others want to end program when another Geneva summit conference was org.• What would happen in U2 aircraft was

discovered?

• U2 shot down in Soviet Airspace & US claims it was lost in a weather mission

• Eisenhower owns up to covert op surveillance in SUKhrushcev denounces the US • U2 incident ended hopes for peace and led to higher tensions that

would lead into the 60sHOMEWORK QUESTIONSWRITE A MINIMUM ONE PAGE RESPONSE TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN ESSAY FORMAT. MUST BE TYPED1. WHAT WAS THE CIA’S ROLE IN THE COLD WAR?2. HOW DO YOU THINK THJE CIA’S ROLE MAY HAVE EFFECTED OTHER

NATIONS?3. HOW, DO YOU THINK, THE SUEZ CANAL INCIDENT AND THE COVERT

CIA OPERATION CONTRIBUTE TO PUBLIC OPINION OF THE US IN THOSE TERRITORIES?