The French and Indian War 1754-1763

The French and Indian War1754-1763

Unit 3SS8H3: The student will

analyze the role of Georgia in the American Revolution.

The French and Indian War• Was the result of years

of disputes between France and Britain.

• Causes were greed and fear.

• France allied with many western Native American tribes.

• Britain allied with the six tribes of the Iroquois Confederacy.

The French and Indian War• Dispute over the

Ohio River Valley increased tension because both countries claimed the land.

War Erupts• George Washington led 150 militia men to

Fort Duquesne (French fort).• Washington and his troops build Fort

Necessity for Britain and attack neighboring French camps.

• On July 3, 1754, Washington is forced to surrender to the French…the war had begun.

• The Treaty of Paris of 1763 officially ended the war.

French and Indian War

Proclamation of 1763• Issued by King George III• Expanded GA’s southern border to the St.

Mary’s River.• Forbade colonists to settle west of the

Appalachian Mts. (made colonists feel betrayed).

• Cherokee and Creek Indians forced to give up land between the Savannah and Ogeechee Rivers, as well as the coastal south.

Sugar Act(p.149)

Stamp Act (p. 149-150)

Town-shend Acts(p. 150)

Tea Act(p. 151)

Intolerable Acts(p. 151-152)

Sugar Act(p.149)



Tea Act(p. 151)


Placed a tax on sugar and molasses imported from the West Indies.

GA did a great deal of trading with sugar-producing countries

(i.e. Jamaica and Barbados). Passed in 1764.

Sugar Act(p.149)



Tea Act(p. 151)



1765, placed a tax on newspapers, legal documents, licenses.


Placed to raise money for the French and Indian War


The Liberty Boys came together to oppose the tax

Sugar Act(p.149)



Tea Act(p. 151)




1767, placed an import tax on tea, paper, glass, and coloring paint.





Sugar Act(p.149)



Tea Act(p. 151)





1773, Allowed the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies.



The tea could be sold less than the colonial merchants could.



Led to the Boston Tea Party.

Sugar Act(p.149)



Tea Act(p. 151)





1773, Allowed the East India Company to ship tea directly to the colonies.

Port of Boston was closed until they paid for the tea.



The tea could be sold less than the colonial merchants could.

Massachusetts colonists could not have town meetings w/o approval



Led to the Boston Tea Party.

Led to the Quartering Act (colonists had to house British soldiers)

Warm-up #2• What did the Sugar Act and the Stamp

Act place taxes on?

Taxation without Representation• As a result of the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, and

Townshend Act, the colonists began to protest the British Parliament and boycott British goods.

• Because the colonists did not have any representatives in Britain’s government, they declared it was unfair to enforce such taxes. “No taxation without representation” became the colonists battle cry.

Protests and Violence• Colonists began to boycott British goods to

hurt British merchants and British business.• Many colonists simply ignored the Sugar Act

and Stamp Act. They even threatened tax collectors.

• While putting pressure on the British Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act, the colonists wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances to the British king.

• The Stamp Act was repealed in March 1766.

The Boston Massacre

The Boston Tea Party

An Invitation to the Boston Tea Party

The Intolerable Acts• Fours laws passed by the British and placed on

the colonies/colonists in order to punish them for their actions.

• The four laws/acts:– 1. Boston Harbor closed (punishment for the Boston

Tea Party)– 2. Massachusetts royal charter is cancelled.– 3. British officials charged with

crimes/offenses in the colonies could be tried in England.

– 4. The Quartering Act stated that the citizens of the colonies had to house and feed British troops

at their own expense.

The First Continental Congress• On September 5,

1774, the First Continental Congress took place to discuss how to respond to Britain. They agreed to stop all trade with Britain and set up committees of safety.

In-class Writing (choose one and write one to two paragraphs)

• 1. At this point in history, do you think that war between Britain and the colonists could have been avoided? Explain your answer by using references from your notes.

• 2. How would have the Intolerable Acts impacted the lives of the colonists? (Think in terms of economics, justice, and daily life)

• 3. Describe the connection between the Boston Tea Party and the Intolerable Acts imposed on the colonists.

Warm-up #3

• Describe the events of the Boston Massacre. How was the Boston Massacre used to fuel hatred towards the British?

Georgia and the Revolution• Many Georgians hesitated to join the

revolutionary movement.• GA, as well as the other 12 colonies,

remained divided.– Loyalists – Colonists who supported Great

Britain.– Patriots – Colonists who supported the

revolution.• GA did not send a representative to the First

Continental Congress.

Georgia and the Revolution• Congress asked all of the colonies to

form a group called the Association.– The Association banned trade with Britain.

• On April 19, 1775, the first shots of the war were fired.– Lexington and Concord were the first two

battles of the Revolutionary War.– The first shot at Lexington was described

as “…the shot heard round the world.”

Lexington and Concord

Lexington and Concord

Georgia and the Revolution• Lyman Hall was sent independently to

represent GA in the Association.

• Three weeks after Lexington and Concord the Second Continental Congress opened.– GA remained absent for the first few days

• The other colonies were furious at GA because it did not seem supportive.

Georgia and the Revolution• In July 1775, GA was prepared to act:

– The Second Provincial Congress came together to choose representatives to send to Philadelphia.

– Five representatives were sent from GA.• Also, GA created the Council of Safety

in order to form a new government for the colony.

The Declaration of Independence• Approved on July 4, 1776.• It was officially signed on August 2,

1776.• Three Georgians signed the document:

– 1. Lyman Hall– 2. George Walton– 3. Button Gwinnett

• The document was written primarily by Thomas Jefferson.

The Declaration of Independence• 3 parts to the Declaration of Independence:

– 1. preamble – the introduction stated how the colonists felt about democracy.

– 2. the body – listed 27 grievances (complaints) against King George III and his government that led the colonists to seek independence.

– 3. the conclusion – declared the colonies to be an independent nation for all future times.

Warm-up #6

• What was the purpose of the Council of Safety?

Key figures in GA History during the American Revolution

• 1. Elijah Clarke (p. 157, 161)• 2. Austin Dabney (p. 162)• 3. Nancy Hart (p. 159)• 4. Button Gwinnett (p. 155, 157)• 5. Lyman Hall (p. 153, 154, 155, 187)• 6. George Walton (p. 155, 157)


• 1. Elijah Clarke (p. 157, 161) – A colonel of a GA militia group who led his men to victory over the British at the Battle of Kettle Creek (Feb. 1779). The battle lifted the spirits of the GA militia men. Clarke also led his men to victory by taking Augusta from the British. Clarke County is named after Elijah Clarke.


• 2. Austin Dabney (p. 162) – A freeborn mulatto (child of mixed parentage) who fought under Elijah Clarke at Kettle Creek. Dabney is credited with saving the life of Clarke by giving the colonel a horse. Despite months of debate and protest, Dabney was given land in Madison County for his service as a patriot.


• 3. Nancy Hart (p. 159) – GA’s most famous heroine. The legend of Hart remains an example of the revolutionary spirit of GA. Hart County is the only county in GA named after a woman. Five days after Tories killed her neighbor, they stopped by Nancy Hart’s house and demanded food. After providing the Tories with food and whiskey, Hart attempted to disarm the soldiers. According to legend, Hart killed as many as two of the soldiers after they discovered what she was doing.


• 4. Button Gwinnett (p. 155, 157) – One of three GA representatives to sign the Declaration of Independence. Gwinnett helped ensure the passage of GA’s first Constitution in 1777. That same year he was appointed GA’s president and commander-in-chief. Gwinnett County is named for him.


• 5. Lyman Hall (p. 153, 154, 155, 187) – One of three GA representatives to sign the Declaration Independence. Hall joined the Second Continental Congress in May 1775. As Governor of GA, Hall recommended that the state set aside land for schools.


• 6. George Walton (p. 155, 157) – One of three GA representatives to sign the Declaration of Independence. At age 26, he was the youngest person to sign the Declaration of Independence. Walton was a patriot that was active in the revolutionary government. He eventually became a governor of GA, Chief Justice of GA,, a U.S. senator, and justice of the state superior court.

Battle of Kettle Creek• Fought in February 1779.• A minor battle compared to other

Revolutionary battles throughout the colonies.

• A major victory for GA.• Outnumbered militia men, led by Elijah

Clarke, defeated a British force of more than 800 troops.

• The militia/patriots gained much needed supplies (i.e. weapons and horses).

• The victory lifted the spirits of the GA militia.

The Siege of Savannah• In early September 1779, 22 French ships and 4,000

soldiers combined with a force of 15,000 Americans to lay siege to Savannah.

• Siege – When forces try to capture a fortified fort or town by surrounding it and preventing any supplies from reaching it.

• The siege lasted three weeks.• A failed attack on Savannah, led by Casimir Pulaski,

cost the Americans 1,000 lives and 600 wounded. • Savannah remained under British control until 1782.

Images and Words

Images and Words

Images and Words

Images and Words

Images and Words

Images and Words

Images and Words

Images and Words

5 Paragraph Essay• Subject: The Three Main Causes of the American Revolution• Introduction:

– The American Revolution began as a result of several events in colonial history such as…(sample introductory sentence)

– Although several events led to the outbreak of the American Revolution,…(sample introductory sentence)

– Remember to introduce what you believe the three main causes of the war to be in the introduction.

• The Body: 3 Paragraphs– 1st paragraph: Include background (i.e. French and Indian War, taxes, and your

first event that you would like to discuss.)– 2nd paragraph: Second event you would like to discuss.– 3rd paragraph: 3rd event you would like to discuss. Make sure this event has the

biggest impact leading up to the war. Provide specific details as to why this is the most significant event.

• Conclusion: Summarize your main ideas that you made throughout your paper.

• Tips:– Be specific (avoid using it and stuff)– Make sure your paragraph and ideas flow– Use correct sequencing (correct order of events)– Proofread– Use correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation

A Revolutionary Cartoon• Choose a character or an event from Unit 3 (Georgia and the

Revolution). • You may either choose one event or figure and illustrate that event

or figure in six frames.• Or you may choose six different events and use each event in one

frame.• Please use text in your frames to describe your drawings.• Include the following:

– French and Indian War Loyalists, Patriots– Proclamation of 1763 Elijah Clarke– Stamp Act Austin Dabney– Intolerable Acts Nancy Hart– Declaration of Independence Button Gwinnett– Kettle Creek Siege of Savannah– Lyman Hall

The Georgia Constitution of 1777

• Strengths:– First constitution written in GA– Helped the colony transition into a state– Had a separation of powers (the state

legislature had the most power)– Guaranteed certain individual rights

• Freedom of religion• Freedom of the press• Trial by jury

The Georgia Constitution of 1777

• Weaknesses:– Voting rights belonged only to white males

over 21 years of age who could afford to pay taxes.

– Only Protestant men could be legislators.– Had to be rewritten (1789) in order to

conform with the U.S. Constitution (1787).

The Articles of Confederation• Adopted by the Second Continental

Congress.• Formally united the colonies against Britain.• Created one body, called Congress, with

authority over all the colonies.– The Congress had the power to wage war, control

the postal service, and control affairs with Native Americans.

• The Articles of Confederation did not give Congress the power to tax.

The Articles of Confederation• The Articles of Confederation left the

colonies short of money during the war.

• Congress also did not have enough power to enforce its laws.

• The weaknesses in the Articles caused it to be revised.

Comparing the Articles and the Constitution

• http://www.usconstitution.net/constconart.html

http://www.usconstitution.net/constconart.html

http://www.usconstitution.net/constconart.html

Exit Ticket• 1. List three major positive aspects of the

Articles of Confederation.• 2. List two major weaknesses of the Articles

of Confederation.• 3. In the Articles of Confederation, did the

federal government or the states have more power?

• 4. Why was a stronger federal government desired among the colonists?

The Constitutional Convention of 1787

• Leaders from each state met at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 because the federal government needed to be given more power.

• The Constitution was written to replace the Articles of Confederation.

• The Constitution is the basis for laws in the U.S.

Issues and Resolutions of the Constitution

• Each state wanted equal representation in government.– The Great Compromise solved this by creating a

bicameral Congress (one with two houses).• Slavery

– Only three-fifths of enslaved people would be counted toward representation.

– The government could not ban the international slave trade for at least 20 years.

The Bill of Rights• The first ten Amendments (changes to

the Constitution) of the Constitution that guarantee individual rights and limit federal and state government.

• Ratified in 1791.

GA’s role at the Constitutional Convention of 1787

• GA believed in having a strong federal government.

• GA was the fourth state to ratify the Constitution.

• GA signed the Constitution in hopes that the federal government would help them fight Native Americans in the region.


• Two men from GA took part in the Constitutional Convention of 1787.– William Few:

• Helped write the GA Constitution of 1777.

• Was elected to serve GA in the Continental Congress in 1780.

• Represented GA during the Constitutional Convention and signed the U.S. Constitution.

• Later elected to U.S. Congress


• Abraham Baldwin:– Also represented GA at

the Constitutional Convention and signed the Constitution.

– His vote on equal representation in the Senate played an important part in the Great Compromise.

– Represented GA in the U.S. Congress

– Founded the University of GA.

The U.S. Constitution• http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#P

reamble

http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html

http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html

Documents

The French and Indian War 1754-1763