Upload
clifton-gibbs
View
214
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Interactions and Functional RegionsInteractions and Functional Regions
Identify how people , business and public services interact within rural or urban areas.
How does this interaction affect travel patterns?
Analysis of interactions provide insight to distribution of economic activities and social services!
This type of analysis can reveal inequalities in the distribution of services, industries or resources.
What Are Functional Regions?
Analysis of interactions represents a functional approach to regional planning!
Functional regions and interactions amongst communities ignore administrative boundaries
A functional region is a complex structure of communities and linkages …
where there may exist a dominant community (centre) through which a majority of interactions flow.
Also interested in lower order centres!
Paradigms of the Dominant Centre
The Walter Christaller Model.
• According to this model, a dominance relationship is established between several orders of the hierarchy.
• This relationship implies that a centre of a lower order must rely on a centre of higher order for goods and services not being supplied.
Paradigms of the Dominant Centre:The Alan Pred Model.
• Adaptation of Christaller’s model by Pred provided more flexibility.
• The hierarchical structure becomes less rigid, but more complex.
• In this instance centres of the same order are not necessarily of the same hierarchical level.
• This indicates that some centres offer more diversified goods and services than other centres, even if they are of the same size.
Paradigms of the Dominant Centre:The Alan Pred Model
Interdependency implies that central places can exchange
similar goods and services.
Complementarity enables several centres of a similar order
to specialize in specific activities and supply themselves in
goods and services they do not have from other centres.
The Classic Centre-Periphery Interaction ModelIs it appropriate for Newfoundland & Labrador?
Centre Periphery
ScarceLabour
AbundantCapital
AbundantLabourFlow of people, materials
and products created by demand for services
Demands for goods/services yields payments and interactions between centre and periphery
Shortage of labour in centre creates stimulus for labour flows/migration from periphery
Supply of labour from periphery will create labourshortage in periphery and raise wages and incomes
AdequateCapital
AdequateLabour
Capital flows to peripheryScarceCapital
Functional Regions
Dominant centres tend to reflect the centralization of economies and public services
Within a region dominant centres can shift due to changing economic circumstances.
Communities that make up the functional region, other than the dominant centre, become residential rather than employment centres.
The geographical extent of functional regions are both temporally and spatially dynamic!
Investigated Network or Interactions Between Communities
Investigated Network or Interactions Between Communities
A methodology for identifying functional regions
Set Factor (s)LabourHealthPublic/Private ServicesEconomic Linkages
Evaluate links and interactionaccording to factor classes
Extract patterns and identify functional regions and centres
Analyze characteristics and viability of functional regions
[1] Decision support information!
[2] Implications for policy and governance!
Interregional flows stimulated by growth of a townSource: Adapted from Barkley, Henry and Bao (1996)
Firms in the innovative or growingstage of product life cycle locate in town to benefit from agglomeration economies, markets and specialized labour
Firms in mature stage ofproduct life cycle locate inrural areas to take advantageof low wages and land costs
Firms and/or employment
Rural residents migrate to town forbetter access to employment and urban lifestyle
Rural labour commutes totown for employment.
Urban families relocate torural residences because oflower housing costs andperceived higher quality of life
People
Spending in rural markets declines due to increased competition from town producers
Town growth providesexpanding market for rural producers
Spendingon goods& services
Negative effect on peripheryPositive effect on peripheryFlow Type
Interregional flows stimulated by growth of a townSource: Adapted from Barkley, Henry and Bao (1996)
Rural to town migration is selective of the better educated and more highly skilled rural residents
Town centres are the generators and diffusers of information and Innovation for surrounding rural areas.
Social attitudes in rural areas are transformed by the "demonstration effects" of expanding markets in the town
Knowledge and
technology
Rural funds are invested in towns to take advantage of relatively rapidly growing goods and services markets
Funds of town residents are invested in rural areas to take advantage of relatively low labour and land costs
Investment funds
Flow Type Positive effect on periphery Negative effect on periphery
Expanding "grey" spending power attracted to rural areas by high quality environments
Attraction of urban locations for younger time-poor/money rich households to dominant centres
A new demographicprofile
Spread of knowledge , culture and business networks across province
Strong spatial clustering of innovation dynamics within cities
Dynamics of innovation and learning
Improvements in communication infrastructures reduces friction of distance
Drive for economic diversification in all areas.
Benefits arising from spatial economic clustering and strong economicinfrastructures.
Changing patterns ofeconomicactivities
Tendencies to spatial dispersalTendencies to spatial
agglomerationIntegrating and mediating forces
Dynamics of changing functional regional boundaries: The role of integrating and mediating forces
Dynamics of changing functional regional boundaries: The role of integrating and mediating forces
Transformation of capacity easier under smaller jurisdictions.
Strategic planning with a spatial focus easier in large agglomerations
Government and policy making
Promotes the discovery of nature and the importance of preserving rural cultural inheritance
Encourages use of resources within existing agglomerations
Environmental sustainability
Search for locales which foster the expression of identify
Ability in urban areas to foster multiple identities
New bases for culture, identity and citizenship
Urban values increasingly widespread.
Attraction of nature and rurality and avoidance of urban tensions
Attraction of urban lifestyles and socio-spatial concentration of similar lifestyle groups
Social change and differentiating lifestyles
Integrating and Mediating Forces
Tendencies to spatial agglomeration
Tendencies to spatial dispersal
Functional Regions Study
Generally functional regions are defined by a single interaction, such as labour flows!
Current research examining multiple interactions (e.g. health, other government services, private services, etc.)
Analysis will identify overlaps or gaps between different functional regions.
Analysis will identify the role and function of communities within the regions as will as their relationship with dominant centres.
Analysis of socio-economic and demographic characteristics will help determine both the viability of the functional region and the communities that make up the region.