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The Hawthorne Studies Introduction the social person era more philosophies than criterion or action emphasis on human relation The Hawthorne Studies why? progressive workplace employee morale is high shop supervision and employee relations is good major research question what influence work productivity/ performance? The Studies Begins Illumination Test Research question What was the effect of workplace illumination on worker productivity? hypothesis (from prior research) improved lighting led to improved performance funding by Council on Industrial Lighting researcher Dugald C. Jackson & MIT Team 1924 design of research participant Western Electrics departments punch press coil winding relay assembly varied level of illumination in all groups and checked the performance level result output bobbed up and down without direct relation to illumination 1925 design of research participant 2 groups of coil winding operators variable group control group result efficiency was maintained even under conditions of insufficient lighting 1927 conclusion by Charles E. Snow illumination was not the answer to the research problem too many variables influence work performance the most important one could be the psychology of the human individual the relay assembly test room the interviewing program the interviewer C.E Snow Homer Hibarger the questions yes/no questions general health happy on the job influenced by any pressure from your working associates visited by Elton Mayo a remarkable change of mental attitude in the group" was the key factor in explaining the Hawthorne mystery the test room workers became a social unit enjoyed the increased attention of the experimenters developed a sense of participation in the project reconstruct entirely its whole industrial situation the organization as a social system group behavior : the bank wiring room Human Relations, Leadership & Motivation human relation & human collaboration anomie & social disorganization developing the human relations leader Mayo seek a new leadership with social and human skills that would overcome anomie & social disorganization human relations & motivation Wrege & Mark Putnam economic incentives Roethlisberger social recognition fulfillment of social needs Clair Turner money was important but not the only explanatory factor Summary series of attempt to explain the increased output linked to the incentive payment scheme and the style of supervisor human relations style of thinking emphasized interpersonal relations, listening, communication and sociohuman skills for the manager-leader expected to achieve equilibrium between the logic of efficiency and nonlogic of worker sentiments human-relations-oriented supervisor could overcome the dysfunctions of anomie and restore group solidarity and satisfy both the social needs of humans and economic needs of the organization Part III The Social Person Era- Ch. 13 Lenny Martini - 29006014 13- The Hawthorne studies - Lenny 29006014.mmap - 12/11/2006 -

The Hawthorne Studies

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History of Management Thought Daniel A. Wren Chapter 13

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Page 1: The Hawthorne Studies

The Hawthorne Studies

Introduction

the social person era more philosophies than criterion or action

emphasis on human relation

The Hawthorne Studies

why?progressive workplace

employee morale is high

shop supervision and employee relations is good

major research question what  influence work productivity/ performance?

The Studies Begins

Illumination Test

Research questionWhat was the effect of workplace illumination onworker productivity?

hypothesis (from prior research) improved lighting led  to improved performance

funding by Council on Industrial Lighting

researcher Dugald C. Jackson & MIT Team

1924

design of research

participant Western Electrics departmentspunch press

coil winding

relay assembly

varied level of illumination in all groupsand checked the performance level

resultoutput bobbed up and down withoutdirect relation to illumination

1925

design of research participant2 groups of coil winding operators variable group

control group

resultefficiency was maintained even underconditions of insufficient lighting

1927 conclusion by Charles E. Snow

illumination was not the answer to theresearch problem

too many variables  influence work performance

the most  important one could be the psychology of  the human  individual

the relay assembly test room

the interviewing program

the interviewer C.E Snow

Homer Hibarger

the questionsyes/no questions

general health

happy on the job

influenced by any pressure from yourworking associates

visited byElton Mayo

a  remarkable  change  of  mental attitudein the group" was the key factor inexplaining the Hawthorne mystery

the test room workers became a social unit

enjoyed the increased attention of the experimenters

developed a sense of participation in the project

reconstruct entirely its whole industrial situation

the organization as a social system

group behavior : the bank wiring room

Human Relations, Leadership & Motivation

human relation & human collaboration

anomie & social disorganization

developing the human relations leader

Mayo seek a new leadership with social and humanskills that would overcome anomie & socialdisorganization

human relations & motivation

Wrege & Mark Putnameconomic incentives

Roethlisbergersocial recognition

fulfillment of social needs

Clair Turnermoney was  important but not the only explanatory factor

Summary

series of attempt to explain the increased output

linked to the  incentive payment scheme and the style of supervisor

human relations style of thinking

emphasized  interpersonal relations,  listening, communication  andsociohuman skills for the manager­leader

expected to  achieve equilibrium  between the  logic of  efficiency andnonlogic of worker sentiments

human­relations­oriented  supervisor  could overcome  the  dysfunctions  of  anomie and  restore  groupsolidarity and satisfy both the social needs of humans and economic needs of the organization

Part III The Social Person Era­ Ch. 13Lenny Martini ­ 29006014

13­ The Hawthorne studies ­ Lenny 29006014.mmap ­ 12/11/2006 ­