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History of Management Thought Daniel A. Wren Chapter 13
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The Hawthorne Studies
Introduction
the social person era more philosophies than criterion or action
emphasis on human relation
The Hawthorne Studies
why?progressive workplace
employee morale is high
shop supervision and employee relations is good
major research question what influence work productivity/ performance?
The Studies Begins
Illumination Test
Research questionWhat was the effect of workplace illumination onworker productivity?
hypothesis (from prior research) improved lighting led to improved performance
funding by Council on Industrial Lighting
researcher Dugald C. Jackson & MIT Team
1924
design of research
participant Western Electrics departmentspunch press
coil winding
relay assembly
varied level of illumination in all groupsand checked the performance level
resultoutput bobbed up and down withoutdirect relation to illumination
1925
design of research participant2 groups of coil winding operators variable group
control group
resultefficiency was maintained even underconditions of insufficient lighting
1927 conclusion by Charles E. Snow
illumination was not the answer to theresearch problem
too many variables influence work performance
the most important one could be the psychology of the human individual
the relay assembly test room
the interviewing program
the interviewer C.E Snow
Homer Hibarger
the questionsyes/no questions
general health
happy on the job
influenced by any pressure from yourworking associates
visited byElton Mayo
a remarkable change of mental attitudein the group" was the key factor inexplaining the Hawthorne mystery
the test room workers became a social unit
enjoyed the increased attention of the experimenters
developed a sense of participation in the project
reconstruct entirely its whole industrial situation
the organization as a social system
group behavior : the bank wiring room
Human Relations, Leadership & Motivation
human relation & human collaboration
anomie & social disorganization
developing the human relations leader
Mayo seek a new leadership with social and humanskills that would overcome anomie & socialdisorganization
human relations & motivation
Wrege & Mark Putnameconomic incentives
Roethlisbergersocial recognition
fulfillment of social needs
Clair Turnermoney was important but not the only explanatory factor
Summary
series of attempt to explain the increased output
linked to the incentive payment scheme and the style of supervisor
human relations style of thinking
emphasized interpersonal relations, listening, communication andsociohuman skills for the managerleader
expected to achieve equilibrium between the logic of efficiency andnonlogic of worker sentiments
humanrelationsoriented supervisor could overcome the dysfunctions of anomie and restore groupsolidarity and satisfy both the social needs of humans and economic needs of the organization
Part III The Social Person Era Ch. 13Lenny Martini 29006014
13 The Hawthorne studies Lenny 29006014.mmap 12/11/2006