THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON TRIS’ PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT IN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENT

THESIS

By: Debbie Ekni Novanda

NIM 16320076

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG

2020

THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT ON TRIS’ PERSONALITY

DEVELOPMENT IN VERONICA ROTH’S DIVERGENT

THESIS

Presented to:

Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.)

By: Debbie Ekni Novanda

NIM 16320076

Advisor: Miftahul Huda, M.Pd.

NIP 198403292011011009

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG

2020

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MOTTO

“Change will not come if we wait for some other person or some other time.

We are the ones we’ve been waiting for. We are the change that we seek.”

Barack Obama

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DEDICATION

This thesis is proudly dedicated to my beloved mother,

Mrs. Asih Yuniwati, who have already sacrificed many things for always

supporting and loving me every time.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

بسم هللا الّرحمان الّرحیم

Alhamdulillahi robbil’alamin, I would like to express the highest gratitude

to Allah SWT for all His blessings and mercies. Also, May peace and salutation

are always blessed upon the prophet Muhammad SAW. Along with Allah's grace

and greatness, finally, I could finish this thesis entitled The Influence of

Environment on Tris’ Personality Development in Veronica Roth’s “Divergent”

as one of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.) at Department

of English Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana

Malik Ibrahim Malang. I would also like to thank and give uncounted honor to my

mother, Mrs. Asih Yuniwati, who has never stopped supporting and loving me, to

my thesis advisor Mr. Miftahul Huda, M.Pd. who has already advised and led me

in doing the thesis, to my academic supervisor Mrs. Vita Nur Santi, M.Pd. who

has guided me throughout my academic journey at this University, to all of my

lecturers who have taught and educated me, and to all of my friends who have

helped me a lot. Finally, I realize that this thesis is far from perfection; so, to make

it perfect, suggestions and criticisms are expected and very welcome. I hope this

thesis would give advantages to all the readers.

Malang, 28th August 2020

The Researcher

Debbie Ekni Novanda NIM 16320076

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ABSTRACT

Novanda, Debbie Ekni. 2020. The Influence of Environment on Tris’ Personality Development in Veronica Roth's Divergent. Minor Thesis (Skripsi) Department of English Literature, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Advisor: Miftahul Huda, M.Pd.

Keywords: Personality Development, Divergent, Environment.

This research aims to analyze the influence of environment on the main character’s personality development in a novel entitled Divergent. The main object of this study is Veronica Roth’s Divergent.

The writer has three questions that become the research questions which are: 1.) what are Tris’ basic personalities in Veronica Roth’s Divergent? 2.) what kind of Tris’ personality development that Tris acquire in Veronica Roth’s Divergent? and 3.) how does the environment influence Tris’ personality development in Veronica Roth’s Divergent

The data were collected from novel Divergent written by Veronica Roth, published by Harper Collins Children's Books in 2011. For achieving the objectives of the study, the writer goes through literary criticism to analyze the novel. Thus, the writer uses psychoanalysis as the approach and theory of personality development by Elizabeth Hurlock.

The results of this study indicate three findings in response to a problem statement. The first is the basic of Tris' personality. The author found three Tris personalities, namely obedience, insecure, and not expressive. The second is the kinds of personality development experienced by Tris in the Novel and the third is the influence of the environment on the development of Tris' personality. The researchers found that Tris was rebellious, brave and expressive. Tris' personality development was influenced by Four and the situation at Dauntless.

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ABSTRAK

Novanda, Debbie Ekni. 2020. Pengaruh Lingkungan Terhadap Pengembangan Kepribadian Tris dalam Novel Karya Veronica Roth's Divergent. Skripsi. Sastra Inggris. Fakultas Humaniora. Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Pembimbing: Miftahul Huda, M.Pd.

Kata Kunci: Perkembangan kepribadian, Divergent, Lingkungan.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Pengaruh Lingkungan terhadap Pengembangan Kepribadian Tris dalam Novel Divergent karya Veronica Roth. Divergent karya Veronica Roth diterbitkan pada tahun 2011. Objek utama penelitian ini adalah sebuah novel berjudul Divergent karya Veronica Roth. Tesis ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh lingkungan terhadap kepribadian tokoh utama.

Penulis memiliki tiga pertanyaan yang menjadi pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu: 1.) Apa kepribadian dasar Tris dalam novel Divergent karya Veronica Roth's? 2.) Perkembangan kepribadian Tris macam apa yang Tris dapatkan dalam novel Divergent karya Veronica Roth's? dan 3.) Bagaimana pengaruh lingkungan terhadap perkembangan kepribadian Tris dalam novel Divergent karya Veronica Roth's?

Data dikumpulkan dari novel Divergent yang ditulis oleh Veronica Roth, diterbitkan oleh Harper Collins Children's Books pada 2011. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian, penulis menggunakan kritik sastra dalam menganalisis novel. Dengan demikian, penulis menggunakan pendekatan analisa psikologis dan Teori pengembangan kepribadian oleh Elizabeth Hurlock.

Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan tiga temuan sebagai jawaban atas pernyataan masalah. Yang pertama adalah dasar kepribadian Tris. Penulis menemukan tiga kepribadian Tris, yaitu taat, gelisah, dan tidak ekspresif. Yang kedua adalah macam-macam perkembangan kepribadian yang dialami Tris dalam Novel dan yang ketiga adalah pengaruh lingkungan terhadap perkembangan kepribadian Tris. Para peneliti menemukan bahwa Tris pemberontak, berani dan ekspresif. Pengembangan kepribadian Tris dipengaruhi oleh Four dan situasi di Dauntless.

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المستخلص

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER .................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.

STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ................................................................... ii

APPROVAL SHEET ........................................................................................ iii

LEGITIMATION SHEET................................................................................ iv

MOTTO ............................................................................................................. v

DEDICATION .................................................................................................. vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii

ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. xi

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 1

A. Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1

B. Research Questions ....................................................................................... 4

C. Objectives of the Study ................................................................................. 5

D. Scope and Limitation .................................................................................... 5

E. Significance of the Study .............................................................................. 6

F. Definition of Key Terms ............................................................................... 6

G. Previous Studies ............................................................................................ 6

H. Research Method .......................................................................................... 8

1. Research Design ................................................................................. 8

2. Data and Data Source ......................................................................... 8

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3. Data Collection ................................................................................... 9

4. Data Analysis...................................................................................... 9

CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ............................ 10

A. Psychology and Literature ........................................................................... 10

B. Personality ………………………………………………………………… 13

C. Personality Development ............................................................................ 17

D. Factors Affecting Personality Development ................................................ 22

1. The Influence of Family on Personality Development .................... 25

2. The Influence of Environment ......................................................... 26

E. Social Behavior Theory ............................................................................... 28

1. Outcome Control of Behavior ............................................................ 28

2. Stimulus Control of Behavior ............................................................. 28

3. Cognition in Behavioral Theories ....................................................... 29

CHAPTER III : FINDING AND DISCUSSION ............................................ 30

A. Tris’ Basic Personality ................................................................................ 30

1. Obedient ............................................................................................ 31

2. Insecure ............................................................................................. 32

3. Inexpressive ....................................................................................... 37

B. Tris’ Personality Development .................................................................... 38

1. Rebellious .......................................................................................... 39

2. Courageous ........................................................................................ 41

3. Expressive ......................................................................................... 46

C. The Influence of Environment on Tris Personality Development ................. 48

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1. Situation ............................................................................................ 48

2. Significant People .............................................................................. 53

CHAPTER IV : CONCLUSION ..................................................................... 55

A. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………… 55

B. Suggestion ………………………………………………………………… 56

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 58

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

A person’s personality will never be the same. Character is never static. It

is always dynamic. There is a view of adjustment in dynamic contexts related to

integrated behavior with people that illustrate the interaction between inherited

abilities and environmental influences. In a stable framework, personality always

develops and changes. However, in that development and change, specific

patterns remain. The more mature, the more apparent the design, the more visible

the stability (Koeswara, 1991).

There are two significant points considered as causes of personality

development. These are internal and external factors. The internal factors are the

factors that come from the person him/ herself, such as physical changes and the

individual’s mentality or psychology. The external factors are the factors that

come from outside the person, such as the family, environment, the learning

process, etc. (Srilestari, 2000). A person’s personality can also influence the

environment in which the individual lives. Someone’s social behavior and

attitude may be affected by the person they associate in their environment.

According to Krech and Crutchfield (1969), personality is the

integration of all individual characteristics into a unique organization that

determines and is modified by its efforts in adaptation to its constantly

changing environment. The definition implies that the environment is the

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determinant that shapes a person’s personality and consists of one’s culture,

standards in family, friends, colleagues, and other influential experiences

(Hawkins, 2012).

The main character’s personality in Veronica Roth’s Divergent also

experiences development. The focus of this study is on the development of the

main character's psychology. Many factors can influence the main character's

personality development. However, the researcher focuses on revealing the

main character's personality development and how the environment influences

it. Although this novel does not portray Tris, the main character, as an

extraordinary figure, she is narrated as a round character whose personality

changes drastically.

In general, the story tells of a city divided into five factions: Abnegation,

Amity, Candor, Erudite, and Dauntless. Each faction is likely to represent

personality characteristics. Divergent novel takes place in a post apocalypse

nation named Chicago. The government of Chicago divided the society into five

factions to create a better, more peaceful world than the one that existed before.

The city of Chicago is said to be abandoned and in ruins due to the collapse of the

last society, but the new society is currently renovating the city from the heart of

the city outwards. All events in the book take place in the five factions, including

Abnegation, Erudite, Dauntless, Amity, and Candor (Divergent novel, 2011).

At the age of 16, every boy and girl must decide whether they live with

their parents in the faction where they grow up, or they will be happy to look

away from each other. Beatrice Prior is an old Tris' nickname appointed in the

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Abnegation faction that respects selflessness. Examination of talent is mandatory

that should conclude someone's perfect fraction. Usually, humans have one result,

but Tris has three, known as "Divergent.”

Tris’ characteristics have developed from the beginning to the end of the

story. The reason for Tris’ personality development is because of her experiences

through good and bad situations. The influence of people in her environment, such

as family and friends, also plays an essential role in Tris’ personality. Through the

novel, readers can find out how families in past lives can impact one’s personality

and how a character can change when he/ she interact, socializes, or befriends

with others.

One of the novel's interesting parts is the development of the main

characters to overcome apparent problems as a result of environmental influences.

From the novel, readers can see the importance of an essential figure in changing

and developing someone's personality. Readers can also learn that someone's

personality development can be influenced by situations (this is to say, such an

environment as family and friends) in his/ her life. The topic of personality

development is, therefore, always exciting to discuss.

The approach used in this study is literary criticism. The analysis focuses

on the literary work itself and various sources related to the main issue in work.

The theory applied is Elizabeth Hurlock's personality development, which

proposes that personality development is a growth stage, continually changing and

evoking an individual (Hurlock, 1974).

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According to Hurlock (1974), three significant factors may influence the

development of personality. The first is an individual’s hereditary endowment.

The second is his or her experiences within the family. The third is the critical

events that happen later in life outside of the home environment. It means that

every person has different reasons for personality changes. The influence of the

situation can shape an individual's lives. People outside the home also enable

changes in someone's personality.

There are some studies previously carried out to analyze the novel

Divergent. Each critically analyzes a particular issue. The first study focuses on

the main character’s psychology (Maulida, 2016), the second raises the issue of

rebellion (Rejiansyah, 2017), and the third discusses social discrimination

experienced by the characters (Anam, 2016).

As previously mentioned, this study focuses more on the influence of the

environment on the main character’s personality development. Research on the

vital role of the environment in influencing the personality development of the

main character in Veronica Roth’s Divergent has not been widely carried out.

Therefore, the researcher chooses the main character’s personality development as

the topic of the study.

B. Research Questions

In line with the above rationale, this research aims to answer the

following questions:

1. What are Tris’ basic personalities in Veronica Roth’s Divergent?

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2. What kind of Tris’ personality development that Tris acquire in Veronica

Roth’s Divergent?

3. How does the environment influence Tris’ personality development in

Veronica Roth’s Divergent?

C. Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study are:

1. To identify Tris’ basic personality in Veronica Roth’s Divergent;

2. To identify the development of Tris’ personality in Veronica Roth’s

Divergent;

3. To elaborate on how the environment influences Tris’ personality

development in Veronica Roth’s Divergent.

D. Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on analyzing Tris' basic personality when she is in

the Abnegation faction, the changes of her personality when (and after) she

moves to the new faction Dauntless, and how the environment, i.e., the minor

character and the situation, influences the personality development of Tris in

Veronica Roth’s Divergent. Other possible influential factors are not

discussed in this study and might be elaborated in future research.

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E. Significance of the Study

The study can contribute to both two levels. Theoretically, this study can

provide insights into how Tris' environment influences a character's personality

development in literary work. Practically, in this research, the writer wants to

contribute to the development of literary studies. It might help future researchers

who wish to analyze the Divergent Trilogy by applying an appropriate

psychological approach.

F. Definition of Key Terms

There are at least two terms commonly used in this study and thus

needs to be clearly defined here:

1. Environment is the surrounding situation that shapes a person’s personality

and consists of one’s culture, family, friends, colleagues, and other

influential experiences (Hawkins, 2012);

2. Personality development is a stage in the growth of continually changing

and evoking processes within an individual. This determines its uniqueness

in speaking, in behavior, in fantasy, and in other ways directed at specific

goals for adjusting to the environment (Hurlock, 1974).

G. Previous Studies

There are several studies previously carried out to critically read Veronica

Roth's Divergent. The first research is Social Order Control in Young Adult

Literature: The Panoptic World Trilogy of Veronica Roth’s Divergent by

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Eldoliefy (2015). She applied Foucault’s idea of freedom to reveal hegemony

experienced by the main character. The second study is Larasati’s Pessimistic

Views of the Future of Genetic Engineering within the “Divergent”: A

Sociological Approach. The study results show nerves and anxiety are two

dominant factors that constitute the relation among characters in the story.

The third study is Maulida’s The Journey to Find Tris' Identity in

"Divergent" of Veronica Roth: An Individual Psychological Approach (2016). The

researcher investigated personal identity associated with fictional finalism,

warfare for excellence, feelings of inferiority, lifestyle, social hobby, and creative

energy. She applies personality psychology in analyzing the unique novel. The

fourth study was conducted by Anam in 2016, entitled Social Discrimination in

Veronica Roth’s “Divergent”: A Marxist Approach. In this study, the researcher

tried to locate alienation, revolution, and discrimination experienced by the

novel's characters.

This fifth study is Rejiansyah’s Rebellion in Veronica Roth’s

“Divergent”: A Marxist Theory (2017). In this study, Rejiansyah tried to discover

dialectics, history, class warfare, and rebellion of the novel's main character. The

sixth is Saputri’s Motherhood in the Novel “Divergent” by Veronica Roth (2011).

By applying the feminist approach, she identified unequal gender relations in the

main character's domestic arena. The researcher tried to analyze women's

participation and their position regarding maternal problems in Divergent.

In this study, the researcher attempts to identify development (or

sequential changes) in terms of the main character's personality in Veronica

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Roth’s Divergent. In other words, this research tries to elaborate on Tris’

personality development as influenced by her environments, such as by the

minor character and the surrounding situation in Veronica Roth’s Divergent.

H. Research Method

This section contains research design, data and data sources, data

collection, and data analysis.

1. Research Design

This research is generally categorized as literary criticism because it tries

to describe and analyze a literary work (Frye, 2005) by focusing on a particular

issue. The psychological approach is applied to analyze Tris' personality

development from a psychological point of view. By using a psychological

approach, the researcher can analyze the personality changes systematically. The

psychological approach here concerns very much on the main character's speeches

and behaviors, i.e., how she/ he thinks and feels.

The researcher applies the personality development theory proposed by

Hurlock (1974). This theory is likely to help the researcher reveals Tris’

personality development. Through this approach, the researcher intends to

investigate the character’s mental state intensively and relate it to environmental

factors, such as friends and the surrounding situation.

2. Data and Data Source

The research data are in the forms of words, phrases, and sentences taken

from a novel entitled Divergent by Veronica Roth. This novel was positioned for

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39 weeks at the top of the best-selling children’s book list in 2012. This is the

first 487-page book published by Katherine Tagen Books (2011) in the United

States.

3. Data Collection

There are some steps taken to collect the data:

a. Doing a close-reading on the novel to understand the plot and identify the

intrinsic elements of the novel;

b. Taking some notes from chapter to chapter to gather data on the main

character’s personality when Tris is in the old faction (Abnegation);

c. Taking some notes from chapter to chapter to gather data on the main

character’s personality when Tris is in the new faction (Dauntless);

d. Highlighting quotations that imply the minor characters and surrounding

situations influence the personality development of the main character.

4. Data Analysis

After being collected, the data are analyzed by following the steps below:

a. Identifying the changes in the main character’s actions and behaviors;

b. Classifying the data based on the theory of personality development;

c. Interpreting the data comprehensively by arranging the arguments of the

researcher, supported by relevant theories;

d. Concluding to answer the proposed research questions.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

A. Psychology and Literature

Psychology and literature are closely related. Psychology deals with the

study of observable patterns in human behavior, while literature reveals how

people deal with their problems and their surroundings. Both explain measurable

action and its connection to the unseen mental processes that occur within the

person and with external events in the world (Kagan & Havemann, 1968).

Literature might be produced in its relation to psychology or the result extracted

from the human psyche, which is poured into literary work such as prose, poetry,

or drama. Besides, literature and psychology also pay attention to psychological

issues of nature, emotions, feelings, perceptions, and soul (Dastmard, 2012).

Psychology and literature discuss aspects of human inquiry. Writers may use

psychological insights to direct their art, and psychologists may use literary works

to support their activities in studying human behavior (Dudek, 1974).

Using psychology to explain science means learning the workings of the

human mind. For example, after understanding exactly how the human mind or

imagination functions, literary work materials can be explained. (Dudek, 1974).

Research in this area begins with a comprehensive psychological theory of how

and why people behave. Approaches developed by non-literature experts are

psychological hypotheses that are used as the basis for understanding and

analyzing literary work. The developer and the details of the method will change.

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However, the goals are universal, positing patterns of actions that are not

dependent on particular times, locations, and cultures. Some experts often called

in include Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Jacques Lacan (Garrett, 2013).

Psychology of literature focuses on one or more of these dimensions: the

psychology of the character, author, reader, or social condition. The psychology of

literature may analyze the author whose literary work is viewed as creating the

analysis data. This is often referred to as psychobiography, which discusses how

specific situations affect their motives and actions toward themselves. The

“artistic form” should cover the entire cycle from the subconscious roots of a

literary work to those last revisions, which along with some writers, the most truly

creative part of the whole (Wellek, 1956).

Psychology of literature may also approach literature by reading the

character’s psychological structure. Psychology may be used as an instrument for

identifying and explaining the character’s emotional aspect. Besides, the

technique can also explain the appeal of the work to those who read it; it embodies

traditional psychological mechanisms and motivations within the human being.

Readers should take literature as an interpretation of life, and not only as a

transcript. The theory is ultimately used to research social matters. Finally, the

theory is also possible to be used for the study of social psychology.

The psychoanalytic theory describes the development as a realm of the

unconscious that is deeply colored with emotions. The psychoanalytic theory

emphasizes that behavior is only a characteristic surface. A correct understanding

of development requires an analysis of the symbolic meaning of behavior and the

12

mind's in-depth workings. The psychoanalytic theory also emphasizes that

extensive early experiences with parents shape development.

Psychoanalytic criticism applies the “reading” approach to interpreting the

text. It asserts that literary text is like a dream, representing the writers' hidden

unconscious desires and anxieties. Literary work is, moreover, a poet’s reflection

of neuroses. One may investigate a particular character psychologically within a

literary novel, but all such aspects are usually assumed to be projections of the

author’s psyche (Delahoyde, 1990).

Psychoanalysis as the approach, therefore, applies to literary works as

manifestations of the writers’ personality, human emotions, feelings, and desires.

Literary work is associated with the mental characteristics of its creator. The

theory involves researching a character and author’s psychology and temperament

to discover the meaning of a text and to clarify and interpret the work (Tulloch,

2014). However, it is used as a hypothesis to examine the human mind and as a

tool and strategy to treat those who are considered mentally ill or disordered

(Eagleton, 1996).

In conclusion, this analytical approach seeks any evidence inside a literary

work of unresolved feelings, psychological tension, remorse, ambivalence, and so

forth. Traumas of the author’s adolescence, family life, romantic problems,

fixations, and others can be traceable in the characters’ actions in literary work.

This is also applicable to analyze the psychological dimensions of the characters

in the literary works and the psychology of the readers (Delahoyde, 1990).

13

B. Personality

According to Hurlock (1974), personality comes from a Latin word

persona, meaning “mask.” Actors used a mask in Greek to protect their privacy on

stage. Later on, the Romans adopted this dramatic technique to whom persona

denoted “as one appears to others,” not as one is (Hurlock, 1974).

Personality is a stage within an individual’s growth of the evolving cycle.

Personality is related to patterning one’s self-concept, personality, behaviors,

emotional states, etc. Personality is the dynamic organization that defines its

specific actions and thinking within the person of compact psychological

structures (Hurlock, 1974).

Personality or psyche is covering the whole mind, feeling, and behavior,

consciousness, and unconsciousness. The personality of a person is to adjust the

social and physical environment. Since early life, personality is unitary or

potentially forming a unity. When developing personalities, people must maintain

unity and harmony between all elements of personality (Alwisol, 2009).

The personality is a translation from English Personality. The

word personality itself comes from the Latin persona means the mask used by

actors in a game or show (Syamsu & Nurihsan, 2007).

As asserted by Sobur (2003), who cited the definition of personality from

Allport (1974) that “Personality is the dynamic organization within the

individuals of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustment

to his environment" it suggests that personality is an organization-dynamic

14

organization of psychophysical systems in participating individuals determine

ways that are unique or unique in adjusting to the environment (Sobur, 2003).

According to Alwisol (2009), five similarities characterize personality

definitions (Sobur, 2003), as explained below. Personality is general: personality

refers to the general nature of someone's thoughts, activities, and feelings that

influence systemically for his overall behavior.

1. Personality is characteristic: personality is used to describe nature

individuals who distinguish him from others, sort of psycho-logic

signatures or fingerprints, how individuals differ other people.

2. Long-term personality: personality is used to describe individual traits that

last long, not easily change throughout life. Although there is usually a

gradual change or change is due to respond to something extraordinary

event.

3. Personality is unitary: personality is used to look at oneself as a single

unit, hypothetical internal structure or organization form unity, and

consistency.

4. Personality can function well or function poorly. Personality is a healthy

and strong personality or appears in good condition, which means his

personality is distorted.

According to Yusuf and Nurihsan (2007), they explain that the word

personality comes from the Latin language, persona, which means the mask used

by actors in a game or show. Actors act behavior by expressing the mask he wore

as if the mask represents certain personality traits. Thus, the initial concept of

15

understanding personality (in ordinary people) is the behavior exposed to the

social environment, the impression of the desired self that can be captured by the

social environment.

Yusuf and Nurihsan also explained that the word personality was used to

describe:

1. Personal identity, one's identity

2. Someone's general impression of yourself or someone else

3. Healthy or problematic personality functions

Yusuf defines personality in several necessary elements explained as

follows: (Yusuf, 2001)

1. The dynamic organization, the intention is that the personality is always

developing and change even though there is a binding system organization

and connecting as a component of personality.

2. Psychophysical, this shows that personality is not merely neural

(physical), but it is a combination of work between aspects and physical in

the unity of personality.

3. The term determines means that personality contains tendencies.

4. Determine (determination) that plays an active role in individual behavior.

5. Uniquely, this shows that no two people have the same personality.

Adjust to the environment; this shows that personality leads individuals to

the physical environment and the environment psychologically, sometimes

overpowering it. So personality is something that has a function or meaning of

adaptation and determination.

16

The importance of special characteristics on personality, namely

individuality, roundness, and personal traits of individuals, so that all behavior

carried out by individuals brings a distinctive style lifestyle that is individualized

(Suryabrata, 1995).

Carried out by individuals brings a distinctive style lifestyle that is

individualized (Suryabrata, 1995).

Personality is the total number of actual or the potential of the organism is

determined by heredity and the environment that originated and develops through

the functional interaction of the main factors which comprise it from cognitive

( intelligence ), conative sector ( character ), affection sector ( temperament ), and

the somatic sector ( constitution ) (Suryabrata, 2007).

Personality is a hypothetical entity inseparable from interpersonal

situations, and interpersonal behavior is the only aspect that can be observed as

personality (Hall and Lindzey, 1993).

Woodworth (1947) believes that his personality colors each person's

actions. He argues that "personality not a substance but symptoms, a

lifestyle. Personality does not indicate the type of activity, such as talking,

remembering, thinking or making love, but an individual person can reveal his

personality in the ways he carried out these activities earlier” (Patyy, 1982).

Personality is an abstraction formulated by theoretical that is not merely a

description of people's behavior because of the formulation based on observable

behavior and factors that can be deduced from observation (Alwisol, 2004).

17

From the above explanation, it can be concluded that personality type is a

characteristic of an individual that can describe his behavior, thoughts, and

emotions and can be observed, which characterizes a person in facing his world.

Extrovert-introvert personality types are based on differences in responses, habits,

and traits displayed by individuals in performing interpersonal relationships.

C. Personality Development

Hurlock (1974) divides characteristics of change in personality into

three major categories. First, some changes are for the better, and some are for

the worse. Second, some are quantitative, and some are qualitative. And third,

some occur slowly and some rapidly. They can be explained as follows:

1. Better Versus Worse

Personality changes for the better or for, the worse reflect the kind of

life adjustment the individual is making at the time. Personality changes

for the worse in normal people occur at puberty and middle age. When

pronounced changes, especially for worse, occur when they normally

do not occur, these changes should be recognized as danger signals.

2. Quantitative Versus Qualitative

In qualitative changes and already-present traits, an undesirable one is

usually replaced by another trait, usually a desirable one. In selfishness,

for example, a qualitative change would mean that selfishness was

eliminated and replaced with generosity. In quantitative changes,

characteristics already present are reinforced, strengthened, or

18

weakened. Undesirable traits usually become less undesirable.

3. Slow Versus Rapid Changes

Changes are regarded as slow if they are barely perceptible, while

rapid changes can quickly be understood to all. Normally, personality

changes are slow and gradual. They are slow, even in childhood, before

the personality pattern has become well set. Every change involves

breaking a previously learned habit and learning a new habit to replace

it.

Furthermore, changes in personality do not occur of their own accord.

Usually, they result from multiple revisions in thoughts and feelings related to

the person's concepts of self. The changes in personality can be affected by

several conditions (Hurlock, 1974).

Hurlock (1974) claims that human life is composed of two aspects:

individual and social. It is a concern for the personal dimension with the physical

changes and the development of human personality.

The thesis writer uses the theory of personality development to explain

how the personality development of the main character is described. Based on

Hurlock's Personality Development, human life consists of two aspects, which are

individual and social, and those have a different concern. For the individual

aspect, it is a concern with physical changes and humans personality development.

Two factors influence human personality development

.

19

Two factors could influence an individual character or personality

development: internal and external factors (Hurlock, 1976). Internal factor is the

influential factor that comes from an individual self. In contrast, the external

factor comes from the outside of a person, such as people's attitude to another

person, whether it is bad or good. There are also eight kinds of determinants in

which it could influence an individual character's personality development. They

are physical, intellectual, emotional, social, aspiration and achievement, sex,

education, and family (Hurlock, 1976).

1. Physical Determinant

The physical determinant is about self-evaluation and self-concept toward

an individual form (Hurlock, 1976). Attractiveness, body shape, the looks of a

person, and health are included as Physical determinants, which means that an

individual personality development could be affected by those physical

determinants.

2. Intellectual Determinant

Intellectual capacity is mostly about the influences in a person's

personality that directly affect life adjustments. The individual makes an indirect

judgment through the others based on intellectual achievement (Hurlock, 1976). It

means that a person's intellectual capacity could affect a person's personality or

character development. Besides, the smarter a person determines their ability to

decide when facing a problem, the more they are considered smart by other people

determines how they make their attitudes toward other people.

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3. Emotional Determinant

Emotion Determinant is one of the important aspects that could affect a

person through a person's social or personal life. Hurlock (1976) stated that

dispossession of love had a disturbing effect on personality, which means that the

more love a person receives, the happier and betters the person is. An individual

personality could influence social judgments through their ability to establish an

emotional relationship with others.

4. Social Determinant

The lack of social approval has a huge negative impact on a person's

personality, and that makes people fall below the average in the approval of

people so that there are a lot of methods to improve their approval has been tried

(Hurlock, 1976). It means that social judgments and approval could influence the

personality or character development. If a person wishes to be acknowledged in

social life, they have to become accustomed to that social life. Otherwise, if a

person cannot adjust to the social life of their environment or does something

prohibited that is mismatched with what the environment wants, then they will not

be accepted by that environment.

5. Aspiration and Achievement

Hurlock (1976) stated that aspirations involve the ego of the personal

goals that they set for themselves. The more their aspiration involves in their ego,

the more they relate to the important manners for them, the greater the influences

of a person on their personality. It means that a person's aspiration influences

individual personality development. The higher the aspiration of that person, the

21

higher the person's ego to achieve the goal, then it will gradually influence that

person's personality.

6. Sex Determinant

According to Hurlock (1976), Sexual behavior comes from an individual

attitude toward sexual behavior and an important person's attitude in their life. It

means that the influence of sexual behavior usually comes from how a person

behaves toward a specific person through the environment they are in.

7. Educational Determinant

Hurlock (1976) states that an educational institution's greatest influence

could determine by a student's attitudes toward their teachers and the value of

education through schools and college. This means that when student attitudes are

negative, they usually complain a lot about any small problem that they had in

school, and they might even develop the fear of going to school.

8. Family Determinant

According to Hurlock (1976), family is the most important key to child

personality development. The influence usually comes from a lack of

communication. It means that the influence of family on a child's personality

development comes from the way a child behaves that are being molded by their

own family and how the communication between the person with their family

members.

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D. Factors Affecting Personality Development

First, physical changes in someone can change his/ her personality.

The physical changes are caused by some aspects, such as illness, blindness,

and injuries in which those changes may make someone's personality change.

The physical changes also happen when someone is at puberty in which those

changes may make someone have personality changes in self-concept (Hurlock,

1974).

Second, changes in the environment, either physical or social

environment, are responsible for someone's personality changes. The changes

depend on how well someone adjusts him/ herself to the new environment.

The environment changes can improve in someone's personality changes in

two conditions. The first is whether someone can meet equilibrium with the

environment. The example is moving to a friendly environment can lead

someone to be an accepted person. The second is the timing of the movement.

The example is parents' divorce when their children are still young and have a

greater effect than when their children are adults (Hurlock, 1974).

Third, the significant people in someone's life can be responsible for

personality changes. Personality changes will depend on how much the

attitudes, values, beliefs, and so on of the significant people differ from those

of the individual. If there is a great disparity, he will be motivated to effect

greater changes. The individual tries to adapt to the pattern of behavior,

attitudes, beliefs, values, etc. The example of the significant people

23

responsible for someone's personality changes in a young adult is usually

spouses, friends, neighbors, and employers (Hurlock, 1974).

Fourth, Social pressure can make people change their personality to be

accepted socially. Personalities that are rejected by society tend to change. As

childhood progresses, the child becomes aware that some personality traits are

admired while some are disliked. Since everyone normally has a strong desire

to be accepted by those significant to him, he tries to change any personality

trait that will militate against his being accepted. The strong social pressures

such as shyness, bossiness, aggressiveness, and greediness can encourage

changes in certain aspects of personality rather than the traits of admiration,

affection, cooperativeness, and generosity (Hurlock, 1974).

Fifth, changes in one's role may occur because of the changes in age,

economic conditions, and affiliation with a new group. When the result of the

changes puts the person into a favorable status, there will be a change for the

person's self-concept (Hurlock, 1974).

Sixth, when the motivation to improve the personality pattern is strong

enough, changes can be effected. People generally improve their patterns to

get greater social acceptance and improve their social relationships (Hurlock,

1974).

Seventh, the changes in the self-concept of one’s personality will change

his complete personality pattern. Changes in self-concept are more difficult in

older people, and usually, the changes occur slowly. There are three obstacles

to the changing of self-concept. The first is intellectual. People accustomed to

24

a certain behavior of solving problems are difficult to see that there are

other ways to solve them. The second is emotional. People who usually think

of being followers experience dissatisfaction when they think of being a leader.

The third is the environment. The people have difficulties to have good self-

concepts if they are in the environment, which tends to judge them based on

race or religion (Hurlock, 1974).

The last, the use of psychotherapy helps a person to gain better insight

into the reasons for his unrealistically favorable or unfavorable concept. It also

helps to recognize how self-concept influence the quality of his behavior, to

realize how irrational his self-concept and his behavior are, to get the

motivation and knowledge how to change his self-concept, to protect the

guidance essential to make this change with no upsetting the whole person

personality pattern, and to alter the conditions in the environment which

contribute to an unfavorable self- concept (Hurlock, 1974).

The development of human character depends mostly on two factors:

family and environment (Hurlock, 1974). It is stated that personality development

is also influenced by two factors: human experience in their family and the

environment factor. Those are the aspect when talking about individuals, and also

when it talks about individuality, it all matters. The first one, the aspect that in

human life is individual aspects. It means that the concern of human life is about

individuality. People think about their life. Sometimes people put their life first

then, thinking about the others. The second one is the environment. Besides the

individual thing, people outside also take part and to shape someone's personality.

25

Thus, wherever it is, the environment always shapes and influence someone's life.

The thesis writer uses those two aspects, individual and also environment, to

analyze the main character, Beatrice Prior.

Hurlock (1974) states that Social Pressure of a persons’ experience will force

them to change the way they think, habit, value, and belief or be said as

personality to be accepted in society.

1. The Influence of Family on Personality Development

When thinking about families, people may examine their fathers, mothers,

and children individually. Hurlock (1974) notes that children have their early

family encounters. From these interactions, children learn about social values,

behaviors, beliefs, and habits. The parents-kids relationship affects children’s

personalities. They become extroverted, warm, composed, and happy when the

parents love the children. However, when the parents reject the children, they will

become suspicious, nervous, anxious, introverted, and uncomfortable in various

situations. Hurlock (1974) often notes that a lack of physical comfort influences

somebody's perception of others. Most family members perceive a lack of heat in

a family relationship as indicating a lack of interest and affection. It will

undermine regard for those in authority.

Molding and communication indirectly, along with the influence, comes

from identification, unconscious imitation of attitude, behavior pattern, etc. The

mirror image of one develops by viewing oneself through a family member

(Hurlock, 1974). It means that the direct influence of family on personality

development is from how a person's behaviors molded by his or her family from

26

the childhood, and how the communication between the person with his or her

family members. While the indirect influence is from how a person identifies,

unconsciously imitate the attitude and behavior from his or her family.

Kalish (1973) notes that parents and other influential figures are likely to

have the most significant effect on personality development. First, parents have

the authority to predict the reactions of children. They might be offering

incentives for the places they want or punishing unacceptable attitudes. Second,

parents include models that are consciously and unconsciously copied by their

children. Third, parents live so that their ideas about education, God, humanity,

and work are internalized by the children. Parents and other significant figures are

indeed the closest people to communicate with children, so it is simpler to

presume their values than others’ values.

Personality pattern is also composed of characteristics that display the

individual’s individuality, as seen in his/ her behaviors and thoughts. The

development of a human being’s character during childhood is the most

remarkable and is primarily dictated by the relationship between parent and child.

Parents are considered the most critical figures in defining the child’s first

personality and the growth of a child’s personality.

2. The Influence of Environment

The personality of someone can also be affected by the atmosphere in

which the individual lives. People’s actions and social attitudes can be influenced

by people in their world whom they interact with. Carver and Scheier (1996) note

that adults outside the home can influence young children’s actions and their

27

social attitudes when children interact. They will aspire to keep up with them to

develop more mature behavioral patterns than their age mates. They also say peers

have a significant impact on children as well. Peer-group differences can cause

people to become different. When all of this happens, it’s an environmental

impact that parents may not share.

Every person has his or her personality and may have a different character

than the others. A person’s position can lead him or her to decide and think about

the behavior he or she would like to perform. Thus, people outside the home allow

for a personality change. The influence may be shaped due to the occurrence of

these two cases (Hurlock, 1974):

a) Changes in Significant People

Someone’s personality develops depending on how much significant

individuals' interest is affected by important individuals in their lives, such as

parents, lovers, friends, and kids. Important people’s personality changes are

likely to affect an individual’s habits, behaviors, attitudes, priorities, and

expectations (Hurlock, 1974). It depends on how close their relationships are.

b) Changes in Social Pressure

A transition happens when an entity can be accepted by those who are

important to him or her. He/she attempts to modify any personality traits that

militate against his / her consideration (Hurlock, 1974). It means that culture has a

significant effect on decisions on personality changes within the social

community.

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E. Social Behavior Theory

Social behavior theory approaches personality through social learning

point of view. It is based on the notions that the human mind's workings are best

understood in terms of how people behave and what behavior is directed by

stimuli and reinforcements. The differences between psychoanalytic and

behavioral theories are clear from each question asked in a situation. The

psychoanalyst sees undesirable behavior as a symptom of the unconscious,

underlying conflict, while the behavior is only a clue to the real problem, not the

problem itself. But the psychoanalysts who emphasize the behavior feel that the

real problem is the abnormal behavior itself (Geiwitz, 1980).

1. Outcome Control of Behavior

The concept of reinforcement is central to all social behavior theories. The

core idea is fairly simple; Behavior that leads to positive outcomes is more likely

to be learned and performed than behavior with neutral or negative consequences.

To understand a particular action from social behavior, we involve praise,

attention, and other human rewards.

2. Stimulus Control of Behavior

The theory behind stimulus control of behavior is that variation in the

stimuli is presented to a subject, either by the natural environment or by the

psychologist, and procedures variation in the subject's response. For a child who

often missives, the variation in stimuli might be the presence or absence of a

parent. A boy who has terrible fits of hostility and aggressive behavior almost

always misbehaves when his father is absent.

29

To use the notion of stimulus control in understanding personality, one

must have some ways of determining specifically what the stimulus is. Therefore,

social factors are very crucial in personality. Woodworth and Marquis (1947) say

that “the individual’s activity also develops personality, and the activity depends

on stimuli received from the environment and the individual himself.”

3. Cognition in Behavioral Theories

That stimuli and outcomes can predict a subject’s behavior do not mean

that the subject is responding automatically like a machine or that his thoughts

play no role in his behavior. Dulany (1968) believes that the reinforcement would

not be effective unless the subjects’ thought is a reinforcement (in Geiwitz, 1980).

30

CHAPTER III

FINDING AND DISCUSSION

There are three research questions in this chapter that need to be answered

by analyzing the research data. The first, it asked to describe Tris's basic

personality; the second, it would discuss the kinds of personality development

experienced by Tris; and the third, it discusses how the environment influences

Tris’s personality development. The shaping of personality that is affected by the

situation will expose in Tris. The researcher uses the novel Divergent as the main

data.

A. Tris’ Basic Personality

Beatrice Prior, or known as Tris, is the main character in the story since the

first-person point of view narrates the story. Tris is raised in the Abnegation

family, which values selflessness. Her father is the leader of Abnegation. Her

character is developed from a young age by her surroundings. Beatrice is raised in

the Abnegation faction but chooses to transfer to Dauntless because she feels she

truly is. However, her aptitude test is inconclusive, and she is regarded as

"Divergent." Beatrice Prior begins her new life in Dauntless under a new name of

"Tris."

As argued by Hurlock (1974), she claims that human life is composed of

two aspects: individual and social. It is a concern for the personal dimension with

the physical changes and the development of human personality. Accordingly,

Tris' personality is the product of the environment she lives in, which is

31

Abnegation's faction.

Personality is a stage within an individual’s growth of the evolving cycle.

Personality is related to patterning one’s self-concept, personality, behaviors,

emotional states, etc. Personality is the dynamic organization that defines its

specific actions and thinking within the person of compact psychological

structures (Hurlock, 1974). Several points below explained Tris’s basic

personality when she used to live in Abnegation.

1. Obedient

Tris is portrayed as an obedient person when she lives in Abnegation. She

always tries to do what her parents tell her to. She grows up in the Abnegation

faction and lives with her parents and her brother, Caleb Prior. Tris is defined as

an obedient girl who often follows the laws of self-denial.

My mother says there's an art to losing yourself. But I haven't figured it out yet. I'm supposed to never think of myself, always to help others. (p. 43)

Tris is an abnegated teenage girl who lives a simple life. In the data, Tris

states that she wants to obey her parents and the abnegation rules. The rule is

essential, and Abnegation's followers should obey it. Her parents always compel

her to put other people's needs before her own. Furthermore, Abnegation people

are supposed to do 'abnegation' stuff such as dressing in drab colors, eating

quietly, and only once every three months are allowed to steal a glance in the

mirror when it is time for a haircut. In her family, too, her mother always teaches

her never to think about herself and help others first.

32

According to Hurlock (1976), family is the most important key to a child's

personality development. The influence usually comes from a lack of

communication. It means that the influence of family on a child's personality

development comes from the way a child behaves that are being molded by their

own family and how the communication between the person with their family

members.

Thus, Tris's obedient personality is highly influenced by how her family

shapes her. This environment makes Tris grow up with a personality as a faction

of Abnegation that is selfless, honest, and likes to help others. Her personality is

determined by following people's behaviors in her environment, especially family,

because behavior itself is contagious, modeled by one followed by another. We

follow the behavior of others to conform. Other behaviors may be an expression

of compliance (obedience) toward authority (Milgram, 1963).

The above data also suggests that Tris does not enjoy her life for being

Abnegation people because she thinks that she is not really into the faction, but

she keeps it to herself. Her mother says that it is an art of losing yourself, but she

does not agree with it. It is hard to be her self and enjoy the situation, but she does

not have any choices.

2. Insecure

The researcher finds that Tris is an insecure person. It can be seen when

Eric mentions Tris to fight in combat training with her match named Molly, who

is more powerful than Tris. Molly is a Dauntless born, which means that her skill

in protecting herself is better than Tris.

33

When Tris is supposed to fight Molly, she easily beats Tris. After getting

beaten, Tris sits in the ring with an ice pack on her face. Eric leads the rest of the

initiates to see the ranking board. Tris looks at the blackboard and sees her name

in red at the bottom of the board with a score of 32. Tris seems insecure to fight

because she has never tried to do this before.

"I will not succeed." (p.92)

When Tris has experienced the injuries as she got beaten by Molly, it

affects her personality. Hurlock (1974) supports it by stating that someone's

physical changes can change his/ her personality. The physical changes are

caused by some aspects, such as illness, blindness, and injuries in which those

changes may generate someone's personality to change. The physical changes

also happen when someone is at puberty in which those changes may make

someone have personality changes in self-concept.

Furthermore, Tris proves that she is brave to choose Dauntless. She

becomes a Dauntless initiate. Here she starts to show her hidden power by doing

dangerous things. It is because the Dauntless faction is like armies, so they do

many extreme actions. Men and women learn how to use a gun. They also learn

how to combat the other initiates. However, Tris has no ability, and she also has a

small body and has no muscles.

My odds, as the smallest initiate, as the only Abnegation transfer, are not good. (p.34)

She thinks that these actions are too hard for a girl who has no ability like

her. The data below express her insecurity in surviving her life as a Dauntless.

34

I tell myself, as sternly as possible, that is how things work here. We do dangerous things, and people die. People die, and we move on to the next dangerous thing. The sooner that lesson sinks in, the better chance I have at surviving initiation. I am no longer sure that I will survive the introduction. (p.36)

Day by day, Tris practices better than the first time she came to the

Dauntless faction. She learns many things so that she shows her power during the

combat practice. She can defeat other initiates. She also helps Al when Eric

bullies him. Tris is brave to help her friends that she feels right to help even she

has to be against Dauntless's lead instructor. This condition makes Tris become

the strongest initiate in the Dauntless.

All right, guys, over here. Listen up. Know what this board is? It's your life. We grade you every day. If you're still in the red by the end of the first stage, you're out. (p.43)

The statement above comes out when Eric tells the initiates that they will

be ranked and that only the top ten initiates will be allowed to get into the

Dauntless faction. The initiates or all-new Dauntless members begin training to

prove that they are worthy of staying in the Dauntless faction. If they fail to reach

the top ranks and are still in red, Eric warns them that they will be kicked out from

the Dauntless and would stay factionless and unable to return to their old homes.

Tris looks at the blackboard and has a red score of 32 on the bottom of the

board. After leaving Abnegation, her old faction, Tris must perform well in

Dauntless training. Tris might occasionally be insecure about where she belongs

because Dauntless training is so hard. Dauntless training is not as easy as it seems.

She worries that she cannot passes a dauntless trainee well and becomes a

35

factionless. Tris admits that she is the weakest and insecure about her ability to

stay in Dauntless.

‘You made a mistake, choosing Dauntless. They will find out about you.’ ‘Who? Who will?’ ‘The people you are a threat to.’ ‘What people? Who, Dauntless?’ ‘No, society. If you don't fit into a category, they can't control you.’ ‘I do not get it. I am Dauntless. I'm going to be Dauntless. I chose Dauntless.’ (p.50).

The conversation above happens when Tris meets Tori again, she tries to

talk with Tori, but Tori looked cold and keeps quiet about their conversations just

before their aptitude test. Tris seems insecure about her identity and overthinking

about Tori’s explanation. According to Tori, it is a mistake to choose Dauntless

because it will bring Tris into danger. Tris does not get it about what Tori's talking

about and curious about what it means. Therefore, the faction leaders and society

are terrified of divergent ability and see them as threats, causing them trouble.

The feeling of insecurity experienced by Tris above is caused by the

pressure she feels. It happens because social pressure can make people change

their personality to be accepted socially. Personalities that are rejected by

society tend to change. As childhood progresses, the child becomes aware that

some personality traits are admired while some are disliked. Since everyone

normally has a strong desire to be accepted by those who are significant to

them, Tris tries to change any personality trait that will militate her. The

strong social pressures such as shyness, bossiness, aggressiveness, and

greediness can encourage changes in certain aspects of personality rather than

the traits of admiration, affection, cooperativeness, and generosity (Hurlock,

1974).

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‘How did you do that?’ ‘What? I ask.’ ‘How did you break the glass?’ [Sigh] ‘I don't know.’ (p.131) The data above show that Tris seems unconfident when Four wants to

easily know how Tris passes the simulation training in the simulation room. The

simulation room is where all Dauntless will be tested regarding their control over

their fears.

He sighs and grabs me by the elbow, half leading and half dragging me out of the room. We walk quickly down the hallway, and then I stop, pulling my arm back. He stares at me in silence. He won’t give me information without prompting. ‘What?’ I demand ‘You’re Divergent,’ he replies. I stare at him, fear pulsing through me like electricity. He knows. How does he know? I must have slipped up. (p.131)

This scene happens when Tris is in the simulation room. Four injects Tris

with a serum that stimulates Tris's brain, which later, the transmitter in the serum

allows Four to see images in Tris' mind. It means Four can see inside Tris' mind.

When the part is in her second simulation, Tris finds herself trapped in a

tank filling up with water then she touches the glass with her finger, which starts to

crack. As she taps it a couple of times, the glass breaks, and Tris snaps out of the

simulation. Four finds out something wrong with Tris then. He asks Tris how she

broke the glass because he knows Dauntless does not break the glass. Four asks

about Tris' aptitude test result but, Tris seems unconfident to answer and says her

result test is Abnegation. Four does not believe and knows Tris is lying to him. Tris

seems insecure when Four was asking about her test result because her test result

was inconclusive or divergent. According to Tori, inconclusive test result means

divergent. (p.43) Tori warns Tris to keep it on herself. Natalie also warns Tris not

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tell anyone because Divergents have threatened people, and Erudite is looking for

them everywhere. When Four asks about Tris’ result test, Tris does not want to

tell the truth that she is divergent.

This feeling of insecurity occurs because Tris already knows that she is

Divergent. She feels unworthy of being in the Dauntless faction. As stated by

Hurlock (1974), changes in personality do not occur of their own accord.

Usually, they result from multiple revisions in thoughts and feelings related to

the person's concepts of self. The changes in personality can be affected by

several conditions (Hurlock, 1974).

3. Inexpressive

In Abnegation, Tris is shown as an inexpressive person who is not allowed

to express herself. Inexpressive here means failing to convey the feeling or

meaning intended.

‘Hey, so all the food that we’re not getting, you guys are giving away to the factionless? Right? Yeah?’ ‘Yeah.’ ‘You’re a liar. Why are you lying to me? Everybody knows you keep it for yourselves, so why don’t you just admit it? Huh? I’m talking to you. Are all you stiffs deaf or something? Hey!’ ‘Beatrice. Don’t.’ (p.33) The conversation above shows that Tris cannot express herself to help

Abnegation kids when she lines up to enter the station. Tris reluctantly backs down

when Caleb stops her. Caleb is afraid to see her helping Abnegation kids when

they are getting bullied by Peter, one of the Candor members. In her old faction,

she cannot express herself to become what she wants to.

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Tris's inexpressive attitude is under the statement that personality is a stage

within an individual’s evolving cycle growth. Personality is related to patterning

one’s self-concept, personality, behaviors, emotional states, etc. Personality is the

dynamic organization that defines its specific actions and thinking within the

person of compact psychological structures (Hurlock, 1974).

B. Tris’ Personality Development

Tris' personality has developed since she decided to move to the Dauntless

faction. From being obedient to being a rebellious, from insecure to courageous,

and from inexpressive to expressive.

".... I mean, you should never share them with anyone, ever, no matter what happens. Divergence is extremely dangerous. Do you understand?” (Roth, 2011, p. 20)

Tris is one of the divergent people, and she knows it after finishing the

aptitude test, the test that will show which factions people belong to. The test

shows that she can choose three factions, Abnegation, Dauntless, and Erudite.

People believe that divergent people will break their society, and Tris knows this

situation when Tori, the aptitude test instructor, tells her about her test result,

which is very dangerous for her.

Using Hurlock's theory of personality development, the researcher will

find Tris' Personality and how it is modified and shown through the conflict.

Hurlock notes that there are two aspects which influence individual and social

development processes. Human personality development is influence by human

experience and significant events outside the home in later life (Hurlock, 1974, p.

19).

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1. Rebellious

In the story, Tris is a rebellious girl. Tris has her way of achieving her

goal. She refuses to follow the rules in Dauntless. Her first rebellious act in the

story is when all the initiates practice throwing knives at targets. Al doesn't hit the

target. Eric asks Al to get it while everybody throws the knife to the target. Al is

afraid when the knife suddenly hit him. Tris watches it and suddenly interrupts him.

She begins to rebel against the instructor and delivers her idea.

‘You did it on purpose!’ ‘Yes, indeed. And you should thank me for helping you.’ ‘Thank you? You almost poked my ear, and you were constantly teasing me. Why should I thank you?’ ‘If I want to hurt you, don't you think I did it a long time ago?‘ (p.87)

In the data, Tris shows her anger toward Four. She begins to rebel to Four.

Before Four leaves the room, he reminds Tris to be smart to control her emotions.

In the seven-line where she said, "why should I thank you?" This sentence shows

that she is a rebellious girl and at the point of expressing her feelings. The

evidence above explains about Tris' personality development.

A transition happens when an entity can be accepted by those who are

important to him or her. He or she attempts to modify any personality traits that

militate against their consideration (Hurlock, 1974, p. 126).

‘Tobias Eaton and you, Beatrice. I thought it was intellect I was sensing in you.’ ‘Maybe you’re not as smart as you think you are.’ ‘Why are you attacking all these innocent people?’ ‘Innocent people? Abnegation, if left unchecked, will destroy the faction system. The same can be said of both of you. Somebody has to stop you, and if we don't, peace will be lost.’ (p.18) The conversation above happens when Tris and Four try to attack Erudite

together when Jeannie wants to kill Abnegations through Dauntless armies injected

by a serum to control their minds. Erudite uses simulation technology, injected

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each Dauntless to murder the Abnegation. Tris wants to make all faction life

becomes normal and proves that Divergence is not dangerous. When Jeanine wants

to destroy Abnegation and takes over the government, Tris tries to stop Jeanine.

Four helps Tris to attack Erudite.

In this part, Tris shows the rebellious attitude towards Jeanine. Because

what Jeanine doing is contrary to what should be done. Thus, it makes Tris treat

Jeanine as an enemy. According to Hurlock, change insignificant people bring

about personality changes; it depends on how much their attitude influences them

(1974, p. 126).

In another story, Tris rebel souls are also shown when replacing Al as a

knife-throwing target. With the rules, the target should not be surprised when a

knife comes, or Tris will be issued.

Any idiot can stand in front of a target," I say. "It does not prove anything except that you are bullying us. Which, as I recall, is a sign of cowardice. (p.89) My name is in the first slot. (p.140)

Tris thinks that she cannot be faithful, strong, and brave, but she always

adapts and changes. Every practice that she has learned makes her learning a lot

about her power. It shows that women can become stiff and strong. They can

choose what they want. They cannot become submissive anymore, and it can

realize when they always try as hard as they can to get their own choice.

Hurlock (1974) states that someone's social pressure will force them to

change the way they think, habits, values, and beliefs or can be said to be a

personality so that someone can be accepted in society. Therefore, because Tris is

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pressured socially by her surroundings, it influences her personality, including

thoughts and behaviors.

2. Courageous

Tris thinks that she is the weakest one. This statement happens after Molly

beats her, and she sits in the ring with an ice pack on her face. She loses her first

combat. Eric leads the rest of the initiates to see the ranking board. Tris looks at

the board and sees her name in red at the bottom of the board with a score of 32.

Tris feels insecure about her skill. She doubts that she can pass her training in

Dauntless.

‘I catch on as we practice. Llike with the gun, I need a few tries to figure out how to hold my self and how to move my bode to look like his. The kicks are more difficult, though he only teaches us the basics. The punching bag stings my hands and feet, turning my skin red, and barely moves no matter how hard i hit it. All around me is the sound of skin hitting tough fabric.’ (p.47)

The part above happens when Four notices Tris as he walks by when Tris

tries to improve her training. Tris decides to practice on a punching bag while

everyone else is asleep. Four helps Tris by giving her advice. Four cares about Tris’

problem. Four cheers Tris up to work harder; Tris becomes braver to prove herself

as a Dauntless because of his motivation.

Four's attentiveness also influences Tris's personality to be brave. Hurlock

states that motivation can improve the personality pattern of someone (1974, 127).

Thus, because Tris is motivated by Four, she learns to improve herself by being

better than who she was.

Another way to see the characteristics of a person is by seeing what the

characters do base on the characters' action. It signals the personality of the doer

about the character's behavior to determine what the quality that the characters

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have. The evidence appears when Tris tells her plan by climbing the wheel to get

a good vantage, and Four starts to follow her, then they find a spot of the flag.

Tris' ability to believe in herself to win is the expression of courageous.

‘Look. There it is.’ ‘All right, what's your plan?’ 'We will be divided into two groups. Four people go to the right side of the dock, and three people to the left, the opposing team is at the end of the dock, so the team with four members will attack while three members sneak behind the opposing team to take the flag.' (p.97) From the conversation above, Tris shows her courageous to climb the

wheel with Four when Four, as a leader, asks about the strategy to attack Eric’s

team, Tris gets an idea and goes over to the Ferris wheel nearby. She tells about

her idea by climbing the wheel to find out where Eric's team put their flag. She

starts to climb up when Four calls out her name. By climbing the Ferris wheel,

Tris tries to get a good vantage point, and Four starts following her, then they go

higher until Tris spots the flag where Eric's team put their flag. She is not afraid of

the height, while Four is afraid to go higher and asks her to stop, but Tris says that

they need to go higher. After that, she arranges a plan for her team to attack Eric's

team. Four's team moves close to Eric's team, then Eric's team starts to shoot at

Four's team. Christina and Tris go in one direction, then Christina gets surprised

by Peter because he is ready to shoot her, but Tris helps Christina. They shoot

Peter and run off to the tower where the flag is and run-up. Tris gets to the top

where Moli is guarding the flags, and Tris fights and grabs the flag. She waves it,

and her team happy because they are winning. Tris shows her courage, and she is

sure enough to do what she always hesitates to do.

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By staying with Four’s team, Tris was brave enough to take steps to

develop an attack plan toward Eric's team. According to the data above, Tris feels

comfortable and is supported by Four and team members. Tris personality

development can be affected by significant people because, as Hurlock argued,

significant people play an important role in shaping one's self-concept (Hurlock,

1974). This means that significant people can cause changes in a person's

personality.

‘Tris! Hey.’ ‘Hey.’ ‘Congratulations.’ ‘Thanks.’ ‘You know I wanted to say to you that you did good tonight. You were brave.’ ‘Yeah.’ (p.82) The data above shows that Tris’ Personality changes. She becomes a

courageous girl who is confident with her decisions. Tris gets motivation from Four

by his statement. Four’s statement brings her spirit to life and makes her

become more confident with her decision. Four becomes a significant person in

Tris’ life.

Another part that shows that Four helps Tris to prove her courageous to

pass the simulation test. Four have power in Dauntless. Four's existence has

changed Tris' life. Four becomes a significant person who influences Tris'

personality development. Four stands and checks room by room of fear. He

carried a black box in one hand and a syringe in the other.

‘Since you're here,’ he says, without looking over his shoulder, ‘you might as well go in with me.’ I bit my lip, ‘Into your fear landscape?’ ‘Yes.’ As I walk toward him, I ask, ‘Can I do it?’

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‘The serum connects you to the program,’ he says, ‘but, this program determines whose landscape you go through. And right now, it is set to put us through mine.‘ ‘You let me see that?’ ‘Why else do you think I was going in?" he asks quietly. He doesn’t lift his eyes, ‘there are somethings I want to show you.’ (p.163)

The conversation above shows that Four helps Tris to practice at the

simulation for the test. Four helps Tris because Four does not want to see Tris fails

in the final test and become a factionless. They go together in Four's fear

landscapes, and then he injects himself and Tris with a serum because Four loves

Tris. Four helps Tris to practice her fears through his landscape. Tris learns how

to face her fears like a Dauntless do. When Tris is on Four landscape, she tells Four

to jump because this situation is not real. Four tells Tris