THE LEGACY OF THE Civil WAR

Daily Focus:In what ways do you think the Civil War impacted American

society, economics, and politics?

Long-term Causes• Conflict over slavery

• Economic Differences• Conflict over states’

rightsShort-term Causes• Election of Lincoln

• Secession of Southern states

• Firing on Ft. Sumter

Immediate Effects • Abolition of slavery

• Widening gap between N and S economies

• Physical devastation to the South

• Reunification of the country

Short-term Effects• Reconstruction of the

South• Industrial Boom

• Increased federal authority

POLITICAL CHANGES

• Power of federal gov’t is supreme— states’ don’t have the right to secede

• Extension of Federal Power— more involved in daily lives of Americans

• Income taxes first used— eventually 16th amendment wrote into law, paper currency used

• Citizens drafted into service— conscription• Civil liberties suppressed— habeas corpus

suspended

ECONOMIC CHANGES

• Northern Industry grows due to manufacturing and selling war supplies

• Southern economy is destroyed —source of labor gone, physically devastated, war debt, before war owned 30% of nation’s wealth, after war only 12%

• National Bank Act of 1863: new and safer banking system

Costs of War

• Civil War affected nearly every family

• Deaths: Union = 360,000 CSA = 260,000

• ½ million are wounded—maimed veterans become a common sight throughout the country

• Money—roughly 3.3 billion spent (5 times the amount spent in 80 years)

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WARFARE CHANGES

• New Weapons: rifles, mini-balls, trench warfare

• Grenades

• Submarines

• Iron-clad ships:– Monitor (North)

v. Merrimack (South)

Lives Change

• 13th amendment: banned slavery everywhere “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States.” 13th Amendment to the Constitution

• Soldiers return: what now? • Urban population grows• Many begin moving west• Families are destroyed by losses in their families • “I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your

bereavement, and leave you only the cherished memory of the loved and lost, and the solemn pride that must be yours to have laid so costly a sacrifice upon the altar of freedom” President Lincoln

Lincoln’s Plan• Lincoln’s Plan: 10% plan, began

working on it nearly a year before the war ended, very forgiving plan, will never get to implement his plan though“With malice toward none, with

charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the

right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the

nation's wounds” President Lincoln, 1865

• John Wilkes Booth — Southern sympathizer, Whig member, well-known actor, blamed Lincoln for the South’s problems

• Ford’s Theatre (only 5 days after the Civil War ended) Lincoln is assassinated

• Lincoln died at 7:22 am the next morning, and Andrew Johnson was sworn in shortly thereafter

• Johnson takes over Reconstruction, Lincoln’s plan doesn’t pass

1. The Civil War began with

a. South Carolina seceding from the Union

b. Illegal formation of the CSA

c. Attack on Lawrence, Kansas, a center of free-soiler activity

d. Confederate attack on Ft. Sumter

2. The Emancipation Proclamation freed

a. All slaves

b. All slaves in enemy territory

c. All slaves living in western territory

d. All slaves in Union states

3. At Ford’s Theatre on April 14, 1865

a. Lincoln was shot

b. Lee signed the terms of surrender

c. The Civil War officially ended

d. Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address

4. The Civil War left the South

a. In full control of its government

b. In ruins

c. Largely unchanged

d. Financially stable with a great economy

5. Who assassinated Lincoln?

a. Lee Harvey Oswald

b. John Wilkes Booth

c. Robert E. Lee

d. William Tecumseh Sherman

6. How did Lincoln’s assassination affect Reconstruction?

a. Lincoln’s plan didn’t pass

b. Lincoln’s plan was successful

c. Reconstruction ended quickly

d. Southern states were quickly readmitted to the Union

7. Which of the following did NOT contribute to the Civil War being the 1st modern war?

a. telephone

b. Observation balloons

c. Iron-clad ships

d. submarines

8. What did Clara Barton, the “angel of the battlefield” found?

a. American Red Cross

b. FEMA

c. Nurses of America

d. Blue Cross and Shield

9. Which of the following was an advantage the South had going into the Civil War?

a. Larger army

b. More miles of railroad

c. Greater number of factories

d. More experienced generals

10. Grant’s victory at Vicksburg

a. Ended the South’s naval domination

b. Cut the confederacy in 2

c. Caused Gen. Lee to surrender

d. Forced Jefferson Davis to resign as President of the CSA