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The Molecules of Cells. Section 2.3. Macromolecules. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids All organic (contain carbon). Only produced in living things. Carbohydrates. Contain C, H, O atoms. Monosaccharides Immediate energy source - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Molecules of Cells
Section 2.3
Macromolecules
• Carbohydrates• Proteins• Lipids• Nucleic Acids• All organic (contain carbon).• Only produced in living things.
Carbohydrates• Contain C, H, O atoms.• Monosaccharides– Immediate energy source– Simple sugars, ex. Glucose used to build polymers
• Disaccharides– Used by plants to store or transport glucose.– Sucrose, maltose, lactose
• Polysaccharides– Long polymers made of glucose monomers– Ex. Amylose, cellulose (plant starches), glycogen (animal starch)
Lipids
• Store energy• 3 Groups– Triglycerides• Animal fats, plant oils
– Phospholipids• Compose cell’s membranes.
– Steroids• Act as hormones (estrogen, testosterone, venom,
cholesterol.
Proteins
• Amino acids are the monomers of proteins.• More than 75% of the dry mass of a cell is
protein.• Cells produce more than 2,000 proteins• 9 Categories, p. 53– Structural, enzyme, transport, contractile,
hormone, antibody, pigment, recognition, toxins
Nucleic Acids• Composed of nucleotides
– Nitrogen base, 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group
• DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid– Double-stranded– Found in nucleus of eukaryotes, and cytoplasm of prokaryotes– Contains our genetic code
• RNA: ribonucleic acid– Single-stranded– Found in cytoplasm of cells– Used to make proteins