The Original 13 ColoniesThe Original 13 Colonies

Reasons why England Reasons why England valued its North American valued its North American

coloniescolonies1. 1. The colonies supplied food and The colonies supplied food and

raw raw materialsmaterials- $$$- $$$

2. 2. The colonies purchased large The colonies purchased large amounts amounts of finished English of finished English goodsgoods

- $$$- $$$

Reasons why England’s North Reasons why England’s North American colonies could be American colonies could be

problematicproblematic1. 1. Widespread, Widespread,

difficult to difficult to establish establish governmentgovernment

2. 2. A great distance A great distance from England from England itself, also itself, also

making making government government a a challengechallenge

Besides distance, what Besides distance, what other reason did England other reason did England

have for neglecting its have for neglecting its North American North American

Colonies?Colonies?

English Civil WarEnglish Civil War Civil War from 1640-1660Civil War from 1640-1660 Fought between King Charles I Fought between King Charles I

and Parliamentand Parliament King limited the powers of King limited the powers of

Parliament by demanding Parliament by demanding taxes of the peopletaxes of the people

King is beheadedKing is beheaded! (by Parliament’s orders)! (by Parliament’s orders) Oliver Cromwell takes over, unrest ensuesOliver Cromwell takes over, unrest ensues Finally King Charles II takes the throne in Finally King Charles II takes the throne in

1660, restored stability1660, restored stability

EconomicsEconomics

War debts emphasized the need for the War debts emphasized the need for the colonies to contribute to England’s overall colonies to contribute to England’s overall economic health.economic health.

The theory of The theory of MercantilismMercantilism was starting was starting to become popular among the nations of to become popular among the nations of Western Europe.Western Europe.

So, what is this So, what is this “Mercantilism”?“Mercantilism”?

MercantilismMercantilism

A theory that a country should try to collect as much bullion (gold and silver) as possible, creating wealth and power.

If a country sold more goods to other countries than it bought from them, it would acquire this bullion.

Put Simply: To become rich, exports Put Simply: To become rich, exports should exceed importsshould exceed imports

But how do the But how do the colonies fit in to colonies fit in to Mercantilism?Mercantilism?

England’s relationship with the England’s relationship with the colonies:colonies:

Believed the Colonies existed to Believed the Colonies existed to benefit the “Mother Country” Englandbenefit the “Mother Country” England

England had started the Colonies and England had started the Colonies and had the right to benefit from themhad the right to benefit from them

And, Coming Soon…And, Coming Soon… England would provide armies and ships during England would provide armies and ships during

the French and Indian War to the Colonies.the French and Indian War to the Colonies. England developed a large debt during the French England developed a large debt during the French

and Indian War to defend the Colonies. and Indian War to defend the Colonies.

Specific Purposes of the Specific Purposes of the ColoniesColonies

To establish British Naval PowerTo establish British Naval Power building shipsbuilding ships providing England with ship-related suppliesproviding England with ship-related supplies providing sailorsproviding sailors

Keep money in the empire!!Keep money in the empire!! Providing raw materials Providing raw materials Providing other goods England could not Providing other goods England could not

produceproduce TobaccoTobacco SugarSugar Etc.Etc.

MercantilismMercantilism England at first paid little attention to England at first paid little attention to

the colonies (civil war)the colonies (civil war)

Then Charles II came to power, Then Charles II came to power, Things changed!Things changed!

England began exercising power over England began exercising power over the coloniesthe colonies First by punishing a defiant First by punishing a defiant

MassachusettsMassachusetts

MercantilismMercantilism In 1662, the England legalized In 1662, the England legalized

CT, CT, and in 1636, recognized RI and in 1636, recognized RI Both of which took land from Mass.Both of which took land from Mass.

Charles II then began to Charles II then began to enforceenforce and Issue the and Issue the Navigation Acts!Navigation Acts!

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts 1651, 1660, 1663, and 16731651, 1660, 1663, and 1673

Reinforced MercantilismReinforced Mercantilism

Colonies exports go Colonies exports go onlyonly to England and her to England and her other Colonies other Colonies

Imports from elsewhere Imports from elsewhere mustmust go through go through England England extra tax will be added  extra tax will be added 

All goods (imports, exports) for the Colonies All goods (imports, exports) for the Colonies must be delivered by English ships. must be delivered by English ships.

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts 1651, 1660, 1663, and 16731651, 1660, 1663, and 1673

England restricted the colonies from producing any goods also made in England!

England decided could be produced in the colonies.

Colonies are to complement England, NOT compete with England!!

Did the policy of Did the policy of Mercantilism Help or Mercantilism Help or

HurtHurtthe American colonies?the American colonies?

It hurt the colonies!!It hurt the colonies!!

The British could only buy so many The British could only buy so many goods goods

This drained the American economy. This drained the American economy. The colonists had no money to buy The colonists had no money to buy

what they needed if they could not what they needed if they could not sell their own products.sell their own products.

All would have to go into debt to All would have to go into debt to obtain these goods obtain these goods

Apply your knowledgeApply your knowledge

Complete the worksheet Complete the worksheet

““Great Britain Controls Colonial Trade”Great Britain Controls Colonial Trade”

Stamp ActStamp Act::  Placed tax on newspapers   Placed tax on newspapers and other legal documents. and other legal documents.

Sugar ActSugar Act::  Lowered taxes on products   Lowered taxes on products leaving the Colonies but raised taxes on leaving the Colonies but raised taxes on imported goods. imported goods.

Currency ActCurrency Act::  England has the right to   England has the right to set currency only. set currency only.

Townshend ActTownshend Act::  Place taxes on colonial   Place taxes on colonial imports of everyday goods. imports of everyday goods.

Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act::  England has right to   England has right to tax and rule over the Colonies tax and rule over the Colonies