The Skeletal System

By: Sophia Bianco Fernández

and Jacob Anderle

The Primary functions of the skeletal system

SupportProtectionMovement

Support

▪ Along with muscular and integumentary system, the skeletal helps to hold an organisms internal organs in.

Protection

▪ Bones protect internal organs because of they can resist pushing stress, pulling stress, and shear stress.▪ Ex: Skull protects brain,

ribcage protects heart and lungs.

Movement

▪ Along with muscular system, allows movement by providing an attachment point for tendons, ligaments, skeletal muscles, and joints.

Tertiary Functions

HearingMetabolism

Blood cell production

Hearing

▪ Three bones (ossicles) in the middle ear aid in sound transduction.

Metabolism

▪ Stores minerals, growth factor, and fat, balances pH of blood, helps detoxification, controls phosphate metabolism, regulates calcium balance, and produce osteocalcin.

Blood Cell Production

▪ Some bones (cancellous) contain bone marrow, it produces erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.– By process called

hematopoiesis.

 

Major parts of the body related to the system

BonesOther

Bones

▪ Hard organ of the vertebral skeleton.▪ Long bones (femur), flat bones (scapula),

short bones (carpals), sesamoid bones (Patella), and irregular bones (vertebras).▪ Axial skeleton: bones that protect vital

organs in the head, trunk, and vertebrae.(skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage).▪ Appendicular skeleton: bones in the

extremities.(femur, humerus, ulna, radius, tibia, fibula, carpals, tarsals, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges, patella, clavicle, scapula).

Other

Cartilage▪ Flexible connective tissue. Less rigid than a bone, harder than a

muscle.

Ligaments▪ Fibrous connective tissue. Connects bones to other bones.

Tendons▪ Fibrous connective tissue. Connects muscle to bone.

Teeth▪ Not counted as bones, however still part of the skeletal system.

Formal knowledge

FactsTerminology

Additional information

Facts

▪ The skeleton of a human adult is made up of 206 bones.

▪ Babies have more bones than adults.

▪ The skeleton is symmetrical across the sagittal plane.

▪ In humans, more than half the bones of the body are in the hands and feet (27 in each hand, 26 in each foot; in total 106 out of 206).

▪ Bones are made of three layers: compact bone, spongy bone, bone marrow.

▪ You cannot directly move any bone in your body, except for your jaw.

Terminology

▪ Hematopoiesis: process of creating new blood cells.▪ Osteoblast: bone

forming cell.▪ Ostectomy: surgical

removal of a bone.▪ Erythrocyte: red

blood cell.▪ Leukocyte: white

blood cell.

Additional Information

▪ There are more bones in the appendicular skeleton than in the Axial skeleton.

▪ Teeth form part of the skeletal system, however they are not counted as bones.

▪ Bone grows until epiphyseal cartilage is ossified

▪ Almost all mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae 

Citations

▪ Ms. Cox Website. (2013, October 4). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://mysite.cherokee.k12.ga.us/personal/laura_cox/site/Skeletal System/Forms/AllItems.aspx

▪ The Structure and Functions of Bones. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://www.ivyroses.com/HumanBody/Skeletal/Skeletal_System.php

▪ Cartilage.(n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cartilage?s=t

▪ Ligament. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ligament

▪ Tendon. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/tendon

▪ 16 Skeletal System Facts for Kids | Navajo Code Talkers. (n.d.). Retrieved November 14, 2015, from http://navajocodetalkers.org/16-skeletal-system-facts-for-kids/