The Spread of The Spread of ProtestantismProtestantism

Note Entry #42Note Entry #42

The Swiss ReformersThe Swiss Reformers Huldrych Zwingli: Swiss priest Huldrych Zwingli: Swiss priest

who led Protestants.who led Protestants. – He was protesting the theocracy in He was protesting the theocracy in

Switzerland.Switzerland.– 1531 War1531 War Zwingli and his Zwingli and his

Protestant missionaries were Protestant missionaries were attacked in Catholic Switzerland.attacked in Catholic Switzerland. Protestant leaders in neighboring states Protestant leaders in neighboring states

attacked Switzerland.attacked Switzerland.

John CalvinJohn Calvin– Established the Calvinist religion.Established the Calvinist religion.– Wrote Wrote Institutes of the Christian Institutes of the Christian

Religion.Religion.– He believed in “predestination”.He believed in “predestination”.

Belief that God had determined the fate Belief that God had determined the fate of each person at birth and it could not of each person at birth and it could not be changed.be changed.

– Opposite of “free will”Opposite of “free will”

– Established the “City of Established the “City of God”God”Geneva.Geneva. Strict atmosphere; attractive to many Strict atmosphere; attractive to many

Europeans.Europeans.

– Geneva was policed by the Geneva was policed by the Consistory.Consistory. It was a Church Council of 12 elders.It was a Church Council of 12 elders. They did home inspections looking for They did home inspections looking for

law breakers.law breakers.– No smokingNo smoking– No drinkingNo drinking– No gamblingNo gambling– No card playingNo card playing– No dancingNo dancing

By the late 1500s, Calvinism had spread throughout northern Europe.

• In Germany, Lutherans and Catholics fought Calvinists.

• In France, Calvinists battled Catholics.

• In Scotland, Calvinist preacher John Knox helped overthrow a Catholic queen.• To escape persecution in England, groups of

Calvinists sailed for America in the early 1600s.

AnabaptistsAnabaptists• Anabaptists rejected the baptism of infants, Anabaptists rejected the baptism of infants,

causing the other major religions to shun causing the other major religions to shun them.them.

• Some radical Anabaptists favored the abolition Some radical Anabaptists favored the abolition

of private property and sought to speed up of private property and sought to speed up GodGod’’s judgment day.s judgment day.

• Most Anabaptists were peaceful, calling for Most Anabaptists were peaceful, calling for religious tolerance and separation of church religious tolerance and separation of church and state.and state.

TodayToday’’s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish all s Baptists, Mennonites, and Amish all have Anabaptist origins.have Anabaptist origins.

The Anglican ChurchThe Anglican Churchaka: As England Turnsaka: As England Turns

Henry VIIIHenry VIII King of England King of England– He forms the AnglicanHe forms the Anglican Church when the popeChurch when the pope

won’t let him divorce won’t let him divorce his wife.his wife.

She hadn’t provided himShe hadn’t provided him with a male heir.with a male heir.

He tries to get her to go to a He tries to get her to go to a nunnery but she refuses.nunnery but she refuses.

The Anglican Church is very similar to the The Anglican Church is very similar to the Catholic Church; however, they do not have Catholic Church; however, they do not have confession and allow divorce.confession and allow divorce.

The Many Wives ofThe Many Wives of Henry VIII Henry VIII

Catherine of AragonCatherine of Aragon– She was a Spanish princess.She was a Spanish princess.– She has one living childShe has one living child Mary. Mary.– 2 stillborn babies, one son dies at 3 2 stillborn babies, one son dies at 3

months of age.months of age.– Henry wants a male heir and she Henry wants a male heir and she

hasn’t provided one after 20 years of hasn’t provided one after 20 years of marriage.marriage.

– He DIVORCES her.He DIVORCES her.

Anne BoleynAnne Boleyn– She was one of Catherine’s ladies-in-She was one of Catherine’s ladies-in-

waiting.waiting.– Henry marries her after his divorce.Henry marries her after his divorce.– She has a daughterShe has a daughter Elizabeth. Elizabeth.– She doesn’t have a son She doesn’t have a son ..– Henry has her convicted of Henry has her convicted of

treason.treason.– She is BEHEADED.She is BEHEADED.

Jane SeymourJane Seymour– Henry marries her 24 hours after Henry marries her 24 hours after

Anne’s execution.Anne’s execution.– He is very happy with this marriage.He is very happy with this marriage.– She has a son She has a son Edward VI. Edward VI.

He is a hemophiliac.He is a hemophiliac.

– She DIEDShe DIED 2 weeks after the 2 weeks after the baby is born of complicationsbaby is born of complicationsfrom delivery.from delivery.

– Henry is buried next to herHenry is buried next to herwhen he dies.when he dies.

Anne of ClevesAnne of Cleves– Henry marries her to make an Henry marries her to make an

alliance with Germany.alliance with Germany.– Not a happy match.Not a happy match. Henry agreed Henry agreed

to marry her after seeingto marry her after seeing

her portrait.her portrait. He said he didn’t want He said he didn’t want

an ugly wife.an ugly wife.

– He DIVORCED her.He DIVORCED her.

Kathryn HowardKathryn Howard– She was 30 years younger than She was 30 years younger than

Henry.Henry.– Henry will accuse her of adulteryHenry will accuse her of adultery

with the help of his aides he is able with the help of his aides he is able to prove it.to prove it.

– She is BEHEADED.She is BEHEADED.

Katherine ParrKatherine Parr– She will be Henry VIII’s nurse in his final She will be Henry VIII’s nurse in his final

years.years.– Henry dies and she SURVIVED.Henry dies and she SURVIVED.

– A nursery rhyme of the A nursery rhyme of the

time went:time went:

Henry the Eighth had Henry the Eighth had

many wives,many wives,

Divorced, Beheaded, DiedDivorced, Beheaded, Died

Divorced, Beheaded, Survived.Divorced, Beheaded, Survived.

Edward VI becomes king upon Henry’s Edward VI becomes king upon Henry’s deathdeath– He is 9 years old when he He is 9 years old when he

becomes king.becomes king.

His godfather, Lord Seymour, becomes His godfather, Lord Seymour, becomes regent to help him rule.regent to help him rule.

He is Protestant.He is Protestant.

He dies at He dies at

the age of 16 (complications the age of 16 (complications

of measles and tuberculosis).of measles and tuberculosis).

Mary becomes Queen upon Mary becomes Queen upon Edward’s death.Edward’s death.

She is Catholic and makes England a She is Catholic and makes England a Catholic nation again.Catholic nation again.

Under her reign Protestants are forced Under her reign Protestants are forced to convert to Catholicism or be tortured.to convert to Catholicism or be tortured.

This will earn her the nickname “Bloody This will earn her the nickname “Bloody Mary”.Mary”.

She marries Philip II of SpainShe marries Philip II of Spain

She dies at the age of 42.She dies at the age of 42.– Cancer?Cancer?

Elizabeth will become Queen Elizabeth will become Queen upon Mary’s death.upon Mary’s death.– She is 26 when she becomes queen.She is 26 when she becomes queen.– She will rule for 44 years.She will rule for 44 years.

She never marries.She never marries. Under her rule England Under her rule England will become the most will become the most powerful nation in the powerful nation in the world.world.

She makes England a She makes England a Protestant nation again.Protestant nation again.