The Thirty Years’ History of NISTEP · The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) is a think tank on science and technology (S&T) policy within the direct

The Thirty Years’ History of NISTEP

November 1st, 2018

Hideyuki TsunodaDeputy Director General

National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), Japan

Contents

• Outline of NISTEP

• Main Researches

• International Conferences

• The Researchers with Nice Step

Jul 1988 The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy was established (restructured from the National Institute of Resources).

Jan 2001

The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) was formed due to administrative reform. NISTEP became an affiliated research institute within MEXT. The Science and Technology Foresight Center was established as a part of NISTEP.

Jul 2001 Relocated from Common Building for Government Offices at Nagata-cho to the Postal Services Agency Building at Kasumigaseki.

Jan 2004 Relocated to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, and Technology Building (Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku).

Apr 2006 The Research Unit for Science and Technology Analysis and Indicators was established.

Jan 2008 Relocated to the Central Government Building No. 7 East Wing (Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku).

Jul 2013 Reorganized the structure of NISTEP (Japanese organization name).

Apr 2016 Reorganized the structure of NISTEP (Group restructuring).

Jul 2018 NISTEP celebrated its 30th anniversary.3

History of NISTEP

Activities of NISTEP

4

Mission of NISTEP To forecast future policy issues and investigate them through autonomous research To carry out research in response to requests from administrative agency To provide data that forms the basis of research and play key cooperative and

contributing roles with other institutions and researchers

＜Key research themes＞１．Collection and analysis of basic information of Science and Technology Policy ２．Issue-based research on human resources for Science, Technology and Innovation

and industry-academia collaboration ３．Research on clarifying innovation process４．Science and Technology foresight

Provision of evidence-based data for policy making to governmental agenciesContribution to make administrative strategy of research institutes

The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) is a think tank on science and technology (S&T) policy within the direct jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in accordance with the National Government Organization Act in order to be engaged in the government’s S&T policy planning processes.

Mission of NISTEP

Outline of NISTEP

5

Director GeneralDr. Tsuboi

Deputy Director GeneralMr. Tsunoda

1st Theory-Oriented Research Group Leader: Dr. Ijichi

2nd Theory-Oriented Research Group Leader: Mr. Tomizawa

1st Policy-Oriented Research Group Leader: Ms. Miki

2nd Policy-Oriented Research Group Leader: Mr. Horita

Science and Technology Foresight Center Leader: Ms. Yokoo

Research Unit for Science and Technology Analysis and IndicatorsLeader: Dr. Igami

Research Support Sectors

Fundamental surveys and research on effects of S&T on the economy and society

Fundamental surveys and research on R&D promotion systems of S&T

Issue-based surveys and research on conditions for promotion of S&T,such as personnel, relationship of S&T with people and society

Issue-based surveys and research on industry-academia collaboration, academic start-ups, regional innovation

Theoretical / Empirical surveys and research on S&T trends and foresight

Theoretical / Empirical analysis and research on S&T activities of S&T policies

・General Affairs Division Director, Mr. Kobayashi・Planning Division Director, Mr. Ujihara

※Appointed Dr. Akaike as a senior fellow for cross-sectional work of NISTEP

BudgetApprox. 8 Hundred Million Yen ($7.3M US) Staff: 45+ (about 35 Research Staff incl. Visiting Researcher)

Organization and Personnel[ *As of FY 2018 ]

6

Number of Issue Reports（As of July 2018)

NISTEP REPORT Results of research, survey analysis, etc., and policy proposals based on these, to announce to the outside to widely ask the society.【177 volumes in total】

RESEARCH MATERIALS Materials collected as results of research, survey analysis, etc. 【272 volumes in total】

NISTEP NOTE Results, data, etc. regarding "Science of Science, Technology and Innovation Policy", and obtained in the process of the construction of data and information infrastructure etc.【23 volumes in total】

DISCUSSION PAPER Research results, survey analysis, etc. as outlined by the authors, mainly to listen opinions outside the company.【159 volumes in total】

POLICY STUDY Research results, survey analysis, etc., as an opinion of the author, summarized policy proposals, theoretically and systematically summarizes new concepts, methodology, etc. for policy analysis and formation. 【15 volumes in total】

STI Horizon Quarterly magazine on information of Science Technology and Innovation Policy especially Science and Technology’s new trends 【11 volumes in total】

Science & Technology Trends （former “STI Horizon”）Summarizing noteworthy of science and technology innovation policies and advanced scientific

technological trends of Issue achievement type, etc. 【151 volumes in total】

©NISTEP 2018. All Rights Reserved

0

200

400

600

800

NISTEP REPORT

調査資料

DISCUSSION PAPER

POLICY STUDY

科学技術動向・STI Horizon

NISTEP NOTE(政策のための科学)

7

19881989

19901991

19921993

19941995

19961997

19981999

20002001

20022003

20042005

20062007

20082009

20102011

20122013

20142015

20162017

2018

’ Jul 1988, NISTEP was established(restructured from the National Institute of Resources) ）

’Jan 1999, Institution evaluation

’ Jul 1998, NISTEP celebrated its 10th anniversary.

’ Jan 2001 NISTEP became an affiliated research institute within MEXT. The Science and Technology Foresight Center was established as a part of NISTEP.

’ Jul 2001, Relocated from Common Building for Government Offices at Nagata-cho to The Postal Services Agency Building at Kasumigaseki.

’ Jan 2004, Relocated to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Science, and Technology Building (Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku).

’ Apr 2006, The Research Unit for Science and Technology Analysis and Indicators was established.

’ Jan 2008, Relocated to the Central Government Building No. 7 East Wing (Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku).

’ Jul 2013 Reorganized the structure of NISTEP (Japanese organization name).

’ Apr 2016 Reorganized the structure of NISTEP (Group restructuring).

’Jan 2006, The 1st Trilateral Science and Technology Policy Seminar

’Dec.2005, The 1st Researchers with Nice Step（Part 1）

’July 2008, NISTEP celebrated its 20th anniversary.

’ Jul 2018 NISTEP celebrated its 30th anniversary.

（冊）

Output of NISTEP

NISTEP REPORT

RESEARCH MATERIALS

NISTEP NOTESTI Horizon Science & Technology Trends ・

DISCUSSION PAPER

POLICY STUDY

8

Cooperation with external parties（As of FY2017）

Domestic collaborating organizations

The National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies (GRIPS) Japan Science & Technology Agency (JST) The Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI) Graduate School and School of Engineering, Osaka University Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, University of Tokyo The Center for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Studies (CSTIPS), Kyushu University Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University

USA National Science Foundation (NSF), George Mason University, Georgia Institute of Technology,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

UK University of Manchester France General Department of Research and Technology（DGRT） Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI Finland Business Finland (an innovation funding agency) Russia National Research University Higher School of Economics (HSE) China Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD),

Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development (CASTED) South Korea Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP),

Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI) Turkey Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAC) Egypt Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)

Overseas collaborating organizations

9

Knowledge / opinions from outside experts

The Science and Technology Foresight Center operates a network comprised of some 2,000 experts for use in S&T-related questionnaire surveys and other activities gathering their insights and interpretations concerning trends in the field.

Application example: Research results are utilized for Science and Technology White Papers

To track the status of S&T and innovation system in Japan by means of the same questionnaire to the same respondents every year.

RESPONDENTSUniversity/Public Research Institution group（about 2,100 people）

Presidents of universities, inter-university research institute corporation, and public research institutions, managers responsible for R&D planning (directors of planning/university research administrators divisions）, researchers (recommended by heads of departments), and PIs of big research development projects （SIP, ImPACT, COI）.

Innovation overview group （about 700 people）Experts in industry and mediators between research development and innovation.

Opinions of the respondentsAbout 8,000 comments from surveys in 2016 and 2017 (about 920,000 Japanese words)

NISTEP TEITEN survey

Science and Technology expert network

Contents


• Main Researches



11

Main Researches ・Science and Technology Indicators

・Benchmarking Scientific Research

・Science Map

・NISTEP Experts Survey on Japanese S&T and Innovation System (NISTEP TEITEN survey)

・Japan Graduates Database (JGRAD)

・Japan Doctoral Human Resource Profiling : JD-Pro

・The 2015 Survey on Postdoctoral Fellows Regarding Employment and Careers in Japan<Governmental Statistics>

・Japanese National Innovation Survey <Governmental Statistics>

・Survey on Research Activities of Private Corporations<Governmental Statistics>

・Regional Science and Technology Indicators

・Science and Technology Foresight

©NISTEP 2018. All Rights Reserved 12

Characteristics of NISTEP research

Quantitative(Objective / Autonomous)

Qualitative(Subjective / Participatory)

Retrospective

Bibliometrics & Statistical Survey

Public Opinion Poll

QuestionnaireSurvey

Cohort Study / Tracking

Database Tracking

Case Study

Focus Group InterviewBenchmarking Analysis

Science Map

Doctoral Human Resource Profiling

J-GRAD

TEITEN Survey

Internet Survey on S&T Public Awareness

Success Case Study of Industry-Academy Collaboration

Horizon Scanning thru Big Data Crawling

Planning led by Expert Panel

Participatory Workshop for

Scenario Planning

Strategic Planning / Target-Setting for Funding

Delphi Survey

KIDSASHI

Target R&D Area Setting for JST / AMED

Regional Foresight Workshops

Establishing Univ. Start-ups DB

Traditional S&T Foresight

Prospective


• Published for the first time in 1991. This survey is published every year since 2005.• Science and technology activities are classified into five categories: R&D Expenditure, R&D Personnel,

Higher Education and S&T personnel, Output of R&D, and Science, Technology, and Innovation.• Status of Japanese science and technology activities are shown with approximately 160 indicators.• Chronological data since 1980’s (in the oldest case) is shown for grasping a long-term situation of Japan and

benchmarking countries.• In total, 21 indicators were newly introduced or visualization methods were revised in 2018 edition.

Science and Technology Indicators

13

History of Science and Technology Indicators

The firstreport

The latest report

Changes in total R&D expenditure in the selected countries

Examples of indicators for research and development expensesBusiness enterprise R&D expenditure by industry in the selected countries


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

198183 85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09 11 13 15

R&D

expe

nditu

re (n

omina

l valu

es)

2016 Year

Japan

Japan(estimated by OECD)U.S.

Germany

France

U.K.

China

Korea

EU-15

EU-28

¥ trillions

5.88.2

0.63.0

2.5

1.2 1.0

5.6 6.0

7.1 7.4

5.9 5.1

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

0809101112131415

U.S.Year

Manu

fact

urin

gN

on-m

anufa

ctu

ring

¥ trillions

0.6 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.20.9 0.9

0.3 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0

0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5

1.3 1.5 0.5 0.5

3.8 2.9

0.9 1.0

0.4 0.5 1.9

3.0

2.9 3.6

2.5 3.1

0.7 0.7 0.3 0.5

0.6

0.9

6

4

2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0809101112131415 0809101112131415 0809101112131415 0809101112131415 0809101112131415

Japan Germany France U.K. Korea

Year

Manufacturing nec, other

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and other transport equipmentElectrical equipment

Computer, electronic and optical products

Pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products

Chemicals and chemical products

Non-manufacturing nec, other

Services nec, other

Professional, scientific and technical activities

Financial and insurance activities

Information and communication

¥ trillions

(Source) Science and technology indicators 2018, Research Material-274, published on August 2018 14

15

Science and Technology IndicatorsExamples of indicators of research human resources

The number of female researchers and their ratio against the total number of researchers (HC)

Changes in the number of researchers in the selected countries

Shares of female researchers of the selected countries by sector

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1981 84 87 90 93 96 99 02 05 08 11 14 2017

Numb

er of

rese

arch

ers

10,000 people

year

Japan*Japan(FTE)Japan(HC)U.S.GermanyFranceU.K.ChinaKoreaEU-15EU-28

5.9

15.7

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1981 84 87 90 93 96 99 02 05 08 11 14 2017

Ratio

again

st the

Tota

l

Numb

er of

Fem

ale re

sear

cher

s

Number of researchers with doctorates

Female researcher

Year

10,000 people ％

9.1 14.7

20.3 21.1 15.5

18.2

35.4 36.3 37.8

25.5 26.6

38.7 36.4

45.3

30.4

15.1

42.1 48.7

28.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

(2017) (2015) (2015) (2015) (2016)

Japan Germany France U.K. Korea

％ Business enterprises Public organizationsUniversities and colleges Non-profit institutionsPublic organizations and Non-profit institutions

(Source) Science and technology indicators 2018, Research Material-274, published on August 2018


Examples of indicators of higher education and science and technology human resources

International comparison of academic degree recipients per one million of population

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

08 17 08 15 08 14 08 14 08 14 08 17 08 14Japan U.S. Germany France U.K. Korea China

Bach

elor's

degr

ee ho

lders

per o

ne m

illion

of

the po

pulat

ion

Field classificationunknown

Others

Natural science andengineering

Social sciences andhumanities

FY

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000


Maste

r's de

gree

holde

rs pe

r one

milli

on of

the

popu

lation


Others

Natural science andengineering

Social sciences andhumanities

FY

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400


Docto

ral d

egre

e hold

ers p

er on

e milli

on o

fthe

popu

lation


Others

Natural scienceand engineering

Social sciencesand humanities

FY

(B) New master's degree recipients (C) New doctoral degree recipients(A) New bachelor's degree recipients

• New bachelor's degree recipients are largest in "humanities and social sciences" in many of the countries concerned.

• The number of doctoral degree recipients in "natural sciences" is highest in all the selected countries.

• In comparison with 2008, the number in Japan only has lowered.

• The number of master's degree recipients in "humanities and social sciences" is largest in the selected countries other than Japan.

• In comparison with 2008, the number in Japan only has lowered.


・New bachelor’s degree recipients are the largest in “humanities and social sciences” in many of the countries concerned.

・The number of master’s degree recipients in “humanities and social sciences” in the

largest in the selected countries rather thanJapan.

・In comparison with 2008, the number of Japan only has been lowered.

Countries whose patent families cite Japanese papers


Examples of indicators of research and development output

Top 10 countries/regions in terms of the number of papers, the number of adjusted top 10% papers

(based on the fractional counting method)

PY 2004 - 2006

PY 2014 - 2016

PY: Publication Year

25.0

43.8

50.3

25.6

35.1

14.8

17.0

16.6

37.7

29.8

27.1

38.1

37.8

55.2

50.0

46.8

11.6

7.5

6.2

10.0

7.3

9.0

10.6

12.0

7.0

4.7

3.5

6.3

5.7

4.5

6.5

7.8

7.8

4.2

3.3

6.8

4.1

5.7

7.8

8.5

7.6

5.5

6.1

8.9

5.6

5.7

6.2

6.1

3.3

4.6

3.5

4.3

4.3

5.2

2.0

2.2

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Chemistry

Material science

Physics

Computer science/Mathematics

Engineering

Environment/Geoscience

Clinical medicine

Basic life sciences

Japan U.S. Germany France U.K. China Korea

Papers Share World rank Papers Share World rankU.S. 228,849 25.7 1 U.S. 34,127 38.4 1Japan 67,696 7.6 2 U.K. 6,503 7.3 2China 63,296 7.1 3 Germany 5,642 6.4 3Germany 53,648 6.0 4 Japan 4,559 5.1 4U.K. 51,976 5.8 5 China 4,453 5.0 5France 38,337 4.3 6 France 3,833 4.3 6Italy 31,573 3.5 7 Canada 3,392 3.8 7Canada 29,676 3.3 8 Italy 2,731 3.1 8Spain 23,056 2.6 9 Netherlands 2,146 2.4 9Korea 22,584 2.5 10 Spain 2,093 2.4 10

Papers Share World rank Papers Share World rankU.S. 273,858 19.3 1 U.S. 38,736 27.4 1China 246,099 17.4 2 China 24,136 17.0 2Germany 65,115 4.6 3 U.K. 8,613 6.1 3Japan 63,330 4.5 4 Germany 7,755 5.5 4U.K. 59,688 4.2 5 Italy 4,912 3.5 5India 52,875 3.7 6 France 4,862 3.4 6France 46,522 3.3 7 Australia 4,453 3.1 7korea 45,337 3.2 8 Canada 4,452 3.1 8Italy 44,450 3.1 9 Japan 4,081 2.9 9Canada 39,674 2.8 10 Spain 3,609 2.5 10

2014 － 2016 (PY) (Average)

The number of adjusted top 10% papers

The number of adjusted top 10% papers

Country/RegionFractional counting


All fields 2004 －2006(PY) (Average)

All fields 2014 － 2016 (PY) (Average)

The number of papers

The number of papers



All fields 2004 －2006(PY) (Average)

All fields

• A large number of Japanese papers in “physics” and “materials science” are cited for the use of Japan's own technologies.

• A large number of Japanese papers in “environment/geoscience,” “clinical medicine” and “basic life sciences” are cited for the use of other countries' technologies.



Changes in the trade balance ratios for high-technology industries in the selected countries

Changes in the trade balance ratios for medium high-technology industries in the selected countries

Examples of indicators of science and technology and innovation

(Source) Science and technology indicators 2018, Research Material-274, published on August 2018

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

1990 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 2016

The t

rade

balan

ce of

me

dium-

high

techn

ology

indu

stry Japan

U.S.

Germany

France

U.K.

China

Korea

Year0

1

2

3

4

1990 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 2016

The t

rade

balan

ce of

high

tech

nolog

y ind

ustry Japan

U.S.

Germany

France

U.K.

China

Korea

Year

• Japan ranked first among the selected countries in trade balance ratio for medium-high-technology industries at 2.73. The trade balance ratio shows a gradual decline following a rapid drop in the mid-1990s.

• Japan's trade balance ratio in high-technology industries showed a continuous decline and it marked 0.75 in 2016.

18

Benchmarking Scientific Research • Published for the first time in 2008. This survey is published almost every two years.• Multi-faceted analyses on scientific publications in Japan and benchmarking countries including

comparison by field use individual indicators and composite indicators.• “Benchmarking Scientific Research 2017” presents the latest value and shows chronological analyses on

structural shifts such as sector composition in Japan.

An Example of Survey Results: The world rank of Japan in the number of papers and highly cited papers (top10% and top1%)

Note: ALL: the world rankings of the number of papers. Top 10: the world rankings of hot papers whose number of times cited is in the top 10% of the world. Top 1: the world rankings of particularly hot papers whose number of times cited is in the top 1% of the world. The ranking at the bottom of the arrow shows the position as of 2003– 2005, and the ranking at the tip shows the position of 2013–2015.

ALL Top10 Top1 ALL Top10 Top1 ALL Top10 Top1 ALL Top10 Top1 ALL Top10 Top1 ALL Top10 Top1 ALL Top10 Top1 ALL Top10 Top1 ALL Top10 Top112 2 2 2 23 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 34 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 45 5 5 5 5 56 6 67 7 7 7 78 8 8 89 9 9 9 9

10 10 1011 11 11 1112 12 1213 13 131415 15

16th

OverallJapan Clinical medicine Basic life scienceChemistry Materials science Physics Computer science/Mathematics Engineering Env ironment/Geosciences

PY2003‐2005 PY2013‐2015

(Source) Benchmarking Scientific Research 2017, NISTEP Research Material-262, published on August, 2017 19

Benchmarking Scientific Research

An Example of Survey Results: Chronological change of the number of domestic papers and

international co-authored papers (Top 10%)

An Example of Survey Results:Number of papers and highly-cited papers (top 10% and top 1%)

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

18,000

1998-2000

2003-2005

2008-2010

2013-2015

1998-2000

2003-2005

2008-2010

2013-2015

1998-2000

2003-2005

2008-2010

2013-2015

U.K Germany Japan

The number of Top 10% highly cited papers

U.K. Germany Japan

Internationally co-authored papers (multilateral)

Domestically authored papers

Internationally co-authored papers (bilateral)

PY2004-06(average)

PY2014-16(average)

GrowthRate

PY2004-06(average)

PY2014-16(average)

GrowthRate

PY2004-06(average)

PY2014-16(average)

GrowthRate

USA 228,849 273,858 20% 34,127 38,736 14% 4,088 4,686 15%

China 63,296 246,099 289% 4,453 24,136 442% 332 2,214 567%

Germany 53,648 65,115 21% 5,642 7,755 37% 524 764 46%

UK 51,976 59,688 15% 6,503 8,613 32% 695 973 40%

Japan 67,696 63,330 -6% 4,559 4,081 -10% 356 333 -6%

France 38,337 45,337 18% 3,833 4,862 27% 337 445 32%

Korea 22,584 46,522 106% 1,391 3,150 126% 103 247 139%

World 892,125 1,416,085 59% 88,830 141,603 59% 8,883 14,160 59%

Top 10％ (adjusted) Top 1％ (adjusted)TotalCountries/Regions

(Source) Benchmarking Scientific Research 2017, NISTEP Research Material-262, published on August, 2017 20

21

Benchmarking Scientific Research An Example of Survey Results:

Structural Shifts in Japan (Scientific papers by organization sector)

National Universitues

Private Universities

Public Universities

Business Enterprises

Public Research Institutes

Others

Total Top 10%

1994→1999

1999→2004

2004→2009

2009→2014

1994→1999

1999→2004

2004→2009

2009→2014

-183 -177-3,143

-732

Fractional Counting

(Source) Benchmarking Scientific Research 2017, NISTEP Research Material-262, published on August, 2017

Fractional Counting

Science Map• Published for the first time in 2005. This survey is published almost every two years.• Shows the interrelationships among research areas (RAs) where there are active researches today.• The RAs are generated by grouping the top 1% highly cited papers, using co-citation analysis. Science

Map 2016, the latest map, covers papers published from 2011 to 2016.

ID Research area groups ID Research area groups1 Research on cardiovascular disease 11 Environment (Research on ecological system) 2 Research on infectious diseases 12 Environment (Research on climate change) 3 Research on digestive system disease 13 Chemical synthesis 4 Research on immunology 14 Nanoscience (Life sciences) 5 Cancer genome analysis & gene therapy, stem cell research 15 Nanoscience (Chemistry) 6 Research on brain and neurological diseases 16 Nanoscience (Physics) 7 Research on psychiatric disease 17 Quantum information & solid state research8 Research on viral infectious diseases 18 Energy creation9 Gene expression control, life-nano bridge 19 Particle physics and cosmology

10 Plant science research 20 Soft computing related research21 Social information infrastructure related research

‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02Science map2002

‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04Science map2004

‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06Science map2006

‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08Science map2008

‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10Science map2010

‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12Science map2012

‘97 ‘98 ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘08 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12

‘09 ‘10 ‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14Science map2014

‘13 ‘14

‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15 ‘16Science map2014

‘15 ‘16

Science Map 2016 is 8th round

(Source) Science Map 2016, NISTEP REPORT No.178, published on October 2018

Science Map 2016

22

An Example of Survey Results: Changes in the coverage of Hot Research Areas (RAs) in selected countries

An Example of Survey Results: Analysis of the coverage of Hot Research Areas (RAs) in Japan

Science Map

97%

90%

38%33%

56%

63%

51%56%

12%

51%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

02 16 02 16 02 16 02 16 02 16 02 16Co

vera

ge o

f hot

rese

arch

area

s (pe

rcen

tage

)

Cove

rage

of h

ot re

sear

ch ar

eas (

num

ber)

Coverage of hot research area (number)

Coverage of hot research area (percentage) [right axis]

The world JPN GBR DEU CHNUSA

81 74 8264 75

59 53 45

146 169184

199203

215 221254

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016

The nu

mer of resea

rch area

s which

Japa

n pa

rticipates

Participation by internationally co‐authored papersParticipation only by Japanese papers

(Source) Science Map 2016, NISTEP REPORT No.178, published on October 2018 23

Science Map

An Example of Survey Results: Categorization of RAs by Sci-GEO chart

Continuity from the previous science map[Time]

Cognitive linkage with other RAs[Cognitive space]

NO YES

StrongW

eak

Continent type

Small island type

Island type

Peninsula type

Science Map

Sci-GEO Chart（Chart represents geographical characteristics of Research Areas on

Science Map）

An Example of Survey Results: Balance of each Sci-GEO type in Scinece

Map 2016

18% 20% 23% 24%32% 26%

17% 16%18% 19%

20%19%

26% 27%28% 27%

24%23%

40% 37% 31% 30%23%

32%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ALL(895)

USA(802)

GBR(563)

DEU(500)

JPN(299)

CHN(452)

20% 21%28% 29% 30% 33%

21% 21%19% 23% 22%

26%24% 24%

25%22% 22% 14%

35% 34% 29% 26% 26% 27%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

ALL(626)

USA(596)

GBR(355)

DEU(343)

JPN(243)

CHN(113)

p

An Example of Survey Results: Balance of each Sci-GEO type in Scinece

Map 2004

(Source) Science Map 2016, NISTEP REPORT No.178, published on October 2018 24


1) Research personnel in University and PRI

4) Industry-academia-government collaboration and innovation policy

2) Research environment and research funds

5) University reform and strengthening of its function

6) Relationship with society and strengthening of function for the policy promotion

3) Academic/basic research and the management of research funds

Note: Questionnaires were composed in line with the 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan.

University/Public Research Institution (PRI) group

2,100

Innovation overview group 700

2 groups of respondents

NISTEP Experts Survey on Japanese S&T and Innovation System (NISTEP TEITEN survey)

• Published for the first time in 2007. This survey is published every year.• Tracks the situation and trends of STI system in Japan through the survey to Japanese experts and

leading researchers in universities, public research institutions, and private firms.• Annual survey to the same respondents (fixed cohort)• The current survey is the 3rd phase (2016 – 2020 FY).

Total: 63 questions

25

NISTEP TEITEN surveyAn Example of Survey Results: Measuring recognition change during the implementation period of

the 4th S&T Basic Plan (FY 2011-2015)

(Source) NISTEP TEITEN Survey 2015, NISTEP REPORT No.166, published on March 2016

Positive changes

Negative changes

Usability of research expenses in Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research. 0.79 ↑

Fostering and recruitment of research administrators for the smooth execution of research activities. 0.35 ↑

Baseline funding for executing baseline R&D at universitiesand PRIs. 0.62 ↓

People with the required capabilities seeking to enter doctoral programs. 0.57 ↓

5.4

2.4

2.3

3.0

26

27

Japan Graduates Database (JGRAD)• JGRAD aims to continuously capture information on the career path of doctoral holders.• Pilot operation was began in 2014 and full-scale operation is started in 2017.• By the end of Aug. 2018, over 14,000 registrants from 43 universities.

博⼠課程在籍時博⼠課程修了後

©NISTEP 2018. All rights reserved.

Input at the graduation・Information regarding the

program such as a degree・Contact information・Career path after graduation

Input after graduation・Updating his / her career path（JGRAD support team contacts to

registrants to ask updating his / her Information.)

researchmapJREC-IN Portal

collaboration

• Use of alumniʼs data

Japan Science and Technology Agency

(JST)

Alumni update his/her career path.

Doctoral students input and update his / her information.

Initial registration・Basic information・Information regarding on doctoral program

Member universitiesInitial

registration

Alumniʼsdata

• Web site: database style• Date is closed to the public • Providing information to registrants on the database＊

MEXT ・ NISTEPJapan GraduatesDatabase(JGRAD）

After graduationGraduate year Doctoral program enrollment

28

Japan Doctoral Human Resource Profiling : JD-Pro• Published for the first time in 2015. This survey is published every 3 years.• The survey is conducted on doctoral graduates who completed their courses in the specific year. The goal is to

grasp career paths of doctoral human resources by revealing their current status of employment and research activities.

• The 2nd survey targeted on graduates in 2012 (the 2012 cohort) and graduates in 2015 (the 2015 cohort) about their current employment status.

An Example of Survey Items：Status of Employment in organizations (2012 cohort)

50.9

52.6

11.0

7.4

27.7

26.1

2.1

7.7

4.0

3.5

4.3

2.8

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

2012_1.5年後

2012_3.5年後

大学等公的研究機関民間企業非営利団体個人事業主その他・無所属

An Example of Survey Items：Status of employment in academia (universities and public research institutes)

(2012 cohort)

29.936.9

9.8

10.9

60.352.2

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

20121.5年後

20123.5年後

任期制

テニュアトラック制

テニュア

(Source) 2nd Report of “Japan Doctoral Human Resource Profiling, NISTEP REPORT No.174, published on February, 2018

29

The 2015 Survey on Postdoctoral Fellows Regarding Employment and Careers in Japan<Governmental Statistics>

※Postdoctoral FellowsOut of the persons with a doctorate or persons who obtained the required credits and then withdrew from the doctoral course (i.e., coursework completed without a degree), persons who are employed with fixed-term contracts and 1) who

are engaged in research activities in universities or inter-university research institutes and are not engaged in education/research jobs based on Article 92 of the School Education Act, including professors, associate professors, assistant professors, assistants, and others, or 2) who are not engaged in management jobs, including leaders, principle researchers, and others of the research group the person belongs to, out of those who are engaged in research activities in public research institutions, including incorporated administrative agencies (including national research institutes and municipal research institutes).

• The aim of this study is analyzing young researchers’ situation by grasping their employment status and career development focusing on postdoctoral fellows in universities and public research institutions.

• This survey is started in 2005 and has been conducted every year during 2004-2009, and is conducted by MEXT and NISTEP every three years. It became governmental statistics in 2015.

• 1,168 institutes cooperated for the latest survey in 2015.

An Example of Survey Results: Employment status of postdoctoral fellows as of FY2015

(Source) The 2015 Survey on Postdoctoral Fellows Regarding Employment and Careers in Japan, NISTEP Research Material-270, published on January, 2018

30

Japanese National Innovation Survey <Governmental Statistics>

• The first round implemented in 2003, followed in every several years. The results of the fifth round (J-NIS 2018) to be published in FY2019.

• A governmental statistical survey for enterprises (sample size: more than 30,000 enterprises) to capture and analyze the status and trends of realizing innovations and innovation activities in firms as well as those of the national innovation system.

• The survey results indicate, e.g. the situations of realizing innovations and the open innovation in a country. They are also used as data for internationally comparable innovation indicators by OECD etc.

An Example of Survey Results: Ratios of Innovating Firms (to All the Firms) by Manufacturing/Services and Enterprise Size Class

(Source) Report on the Fourth Round of the Japanese National Innovation Survey (J-NIS 2015), NISTEP REPORT No.170, published on November 2016.

An Example of Survey Results: Key Factors of Hampering Innovations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

全体製造業サービス業小規模企業中規模企業大規模企業

未完了のイノベーション活動のみ

プロダクト又はプロセス・イノベーション実現

31

Survey on Research Activities of Private Corporations<Governmental Statistics>

• Is transferred from MEXT in 2008, and published every year.• Analyzes qualitative data on corporate research and development trends, related strategies and

organizational changes, etc., for private companies (capital of 100 million Yen or more).

An Example of Survey Results: Trend of recruitment of R&D personnelby academic degree or category of career

An Example of Survey Results: Research and development intensity of major industries

An Example of Survey Results: Types of organizations in collaboration with other organizations in R&D

(Source) Survey on Research Activities of Private Corporations 2017, NISTEP REPORT No.177, published on May 2018.

32

Regional Science and Technology Indicators• Published for the first time in 2000. The 2018 edition will be published in the end of this year. • Analysis current situations of regional science and technology infrastructure and activities, utilizing

analysis of eight items such as companies, research institutes, universities, local municipalities, Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, university-industry collaboration, patents and journal articles.

An Example of Survey Results: Accepted amount and number of cooperation between universities and private enterprises by prefecture（2012）

(Source) Regional Science and Technology Indicators 2016, NISTEP Research Material-246, published on March 2016.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

東京都

京都府

大阪府

宮城県

愛知県

福岡県

北海道

兵庫県

山形県

神奈川県

石川県

千葉県

茨城県

新潟県

広島県

三重県

静岡県

長野県

岡山県

徳島県

熊本県

岐阜県

岩手県

山口県

埼玉県

群馬県

佐賀県

富山県

栃木県

長崎県

福井県

奈良県

鹿児島県

沖縄県

山梨県

愛媛県

秋田県

宮崎県

福島県

高知県

香川県

青森県

鳥取県

大分県

和歌山県

滋賀県

島根県

金額（百万円）

件数（件）

1件当たり金額（百万円）

1件当たり⾦額（百万円）⾦額（百万円）

件数（件）


• Prioritization• Top-down decision

making/prioritization• Link S&T policy to

foresight surveys

• Catch-up process• Bottom-up decision

making• Consensus among

sectors

1970-80’s

2000-

1971-1997The 1st– 6th Technology Foresight

2001 The 7th Technology Foresight

2005 The 8th S&T Foresight

Delphi

Delphi

S&T Basic Law

The 1st S&T Basic Plan

The 2nd S&T Basic Plan

The 3rd S&T Basic Plan

1995

1996-2000

2001-2005

2006-2010

The 4th S&T Basic Plan2011-2015 2010 The 9th S&T Foresight

Delphi Scenario

Needs analysis

Delphi Scenario

Regional workshops

Study on emerging technologies

• Shift to problem-solving, backcasting approach

Innovation 25

Needs analysis

Japan is the pioneer of S&T foresight surveys. Its method has been adopted in many countries.

2010-

Japan Vision 2020

The 5th S&T Basic Plan2016-2020

2015The 10th S&T Foresight

DelphiScenarioFuture vision・ Integration of S&T policy

and innovation policy

2015-

Shift to Problem-

solving typeShift to N

eeds driven type

Technology D

evelopment

centered Seeds typeSocial vision D

evelopment type

• Transition phase• Moderate link of foresight

surveys to comprehensive S&T policy

1990’s

Foresight

S&T BASIC PLANS&T BASIC PLAN

Historical Development of STI Policy and Foresight

33


Summary of the 11th Science and Technology Foresight

＜Part 1＞Horizon Scanning

＜Objective＞Understand the current situation and capture weak signals.

＜Contents＞・Organize and order societal trends regarding science and technology by utilizing related literature・Capture emerging science and technology that will make a future impact

＜Part 2＞Visioning

＜Objective＞Envision the desirable future.

＜Contents＞・Consider what kind of desirable society can be created while keeping social changes in mind, as well as the results from current trends obtained from Horizon Scanning.

＜Part 3＞Delphi Survey

＜Objective＞Assess science and technology topics.

＜Contents＞・Extract those science and technology topics that are expected to be realized in the future・Questionnaire survey will be implemented with expert investigators to assess their importance, feasibility, etc.

＜Part 4＞Scenario planning

＜Objective＞Describe the scenarios and strategies required to realize the desirable society.

＜Content＞・Consider the scenario themes.・Draw future scenarios based on the desired future and the trends in science and technology.

Continuous Horizon Scanning Activity

Science and Technology Basic Plan / Future Consideration

Research & D

evelopment Assistance D

ataContribution to S&T Policies

34

Result Image（An Example of Survey Items:10th STI Policy and Foresight Surveys）

35

New businesses that manage customers' personal behavior information (such as sensor information and purchase histories)in a manner similar to credit card companies and banks will emerge and become commonly used by the public.

A system to record and store all measurement and image data generated by research activities as well as authenticate and guarantee the original raw data in order to prove the authenticity of research results.

A hazard prediction system which combines data from multiple wearable devices in a crowd to recognize objects such as buildings, people, or cars through image analysis and inform the wearer of possible accidents or predict risks (could be used to facilitate relief and evacuation during a large-scale disaster).

To achieve a healthy aging society, information about the hobbies, health, medical records, and daily activity of elderly people will be managed and analyzed in a single database.

Technology to allow the recording, management, search, and analysis of everyday personal data through the accumulation of large amounts of physical and "lifelog" data (It will be provided as a wearable external brain function system that is accessed through a natural user interface (NUI)).

Collection of data through various environmental sensors installed in stores that is statistically processed and accumulated, and then over 80% of the data is released to the public as open data.

A social system in which knowledge, information, and content can be distributed while preserving their reasonable value and still allowing for the redistribution of economic value and societal honor.

Development of new products (including insurance products) based on a new understanding of privacy, economic behavior, insurance, etc. to achieve GDP growth of 20% in related industries

A system to predict the acceleration of damage from a disaster by linking together the atypical, subjective, and ephemeral big data with simulation.

A reduction of the food loss through the monitoring of production and consumption.

2020 20302025

A marketplace for data where the value of data can be visualized and data is widely traded based on market principles.

A health care and medical data bank that more than 70% of all citizens register for voluntarily (the data bank aims to provide health, medical, and long-term nursing care services to the public efficiently and effectively and allows authorized care providers and registered citizens themselves to view the data).

Tailor-made functional food products based on the use of big data.

Consider the technology development for IoT/IoE that Japan had strength and the progress on social challenge resulting from declining workforce

Lead advanced information society by centralized collecting and analyzing various data such as “living data”

Home Retail Manufacturing…

Transportation AgricultureMedical Care

Get upGo to bedetc.

Destination,purpose，etc.

Exercise，etc.

Purchase hitoryetc.

Cropping recordWeather etc.

ManufacturingRecordetc.

Personal info proxy admin Agency

Collect and accumulate various datain physical space based on living data

Analyze the integrated dataDecision-making for total optimization

OpenDisclose the eligible data as open-data after completing anonymization process Provide various visualizing analysis function to government

Collect various data using our strengthincluding elements

such as sensor, devise, and home appliances

Be secured promoting R&D on security

related fields

Analyzed by AI related technology

Develop hardwarefor analysis

Promote innovation through being open

Promote to co-create value

︵open –innovation

︶

Collect

Analyze

UtilizeShare

Living data（Personal info）

Other Information

Leadership Scenario through Centralized Information Collection and Analysis based on “Manufacturing Ability”

（Source） The 10th Science and Technology Foresight: Future Perspectives on Science and Technology by Field, NISTEP Research Material-240, published on September, 2015

36

Contents


• Main Researches



37

International Conference on Foresight

• NISTEP discusses and exchanges opinions with experts in Japan and abroad by organizing international conferences in carrying out survey research.

• Representative conferences: international Conference on foresight started in March 2000 (8 times)

The 1st International Conference on Foresight（March 2000)The approach to and the potential for New Technology Foresight

The 2nd International Conference on Foresight（February 2003)The Third Generation Foresight and Prioritization in Science and TechnologyPolicy

The 3rd International Conference on Foresight（November 2007)The 4th International Conference on Foresight（March 2011)

Foresight for Future Society: Diversified Development of Activities

The 5th International Conference on Foresight（February 2014)Foresight Activities for Solving Societal Issues

The 6th International Conference on Foresight（March 2015)Thinking about the Future Possibility of Foresight toward Contribution to Policy

Making

The 7th International Conference on Foresight（March 2016)Prospects for the Disaster Risk Reduction and Aging Society in the World

The 8th International Conference on Foresight（November 2017)Foresight for Strategic Planning

Session 1: Strategy and Foresight toward the futureSession 2: New Dimensions of Foresight: Stakeholder Involvement for

Consensus BuildingSession 3: Foresight in Digitalization: Best Practices

The 8th International Conference on Foresight

The 7th International Conference on Foresight

38

Trilateral Science and Technology Policy Seminar

• This seminar aims to deepen research exchanges with 4 governmental think tanks on S&T policy in China and Korea, started in 2006. The 13th seminar will be held on November 14 and 15 in Sendai.

• Member institutes: NISTEP, Institutes of Science and Development, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CASISD), Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development (CASTED), Korea Institute of S&T Evaluation and Planning (KISTEP), and the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI in South Korea)

Outline the 12th Trilateral Science and Technology Policy Seminar

October 2017(China)Session 1 :2017 Highlights of Research ActivitiesSession 2: Policy Practice on Cultivating New Momentum for

Economic Development through Science, Technology and Innovation

Session 3 :Developing Innovation Community under International STI Cooperation

Session 4: Entrepreneurship and Employment in the context of Globalization or De-Globalization

Session 5: Technology Foresight: Methodology and Results

The12th Trilateral Science and Technology Policy Seminar

The12th Trilateral Science and Technology Policy Seminar

39

Contents


• Main Researches



40

NISTEP Selection (The Researchers with Nice Step)

• Since 2005, NISTEP has selected researchers who made outstanding contributions to S&T as “NISTEP Selection (the Researchers with Nice Step)”.（153 selected researchers in total）

Professor Shinya Yamanaka (Kyoto University, selected in 2006) and Professor Hiroshi Amano (Meijo University then, selected in 2009) are researchers with Nice Step, and were lately awarded the Nobel Prize.

In 2017, researchers leading new fields, researchers promoting co-creation with science and technology and society, researchers developing internationally, foreign researchers active internationally based in Japan, developers of innovative research methods and tools, researchers connecting research results to innovation are selected.

＜2017＞

○Dr. Arisa EMA（33） Project Assistant Professor, of Arts and Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo

○Dr. Shinpei KATO(35） Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo/ CET・CTO, Tier Ⅳ, Inc

○Dr. Tenkai KIN（38） Associate Professor, Department of Systems Innovation Engineering/CTO, AISing Ltd.

○Dr. Hiroshi TAKAGI（43） Associate Professor, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology

○Dr. Daichi CHIBA（39） Associate Professor, Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Science, The University of Tokyo

○Dr. Keiji NISHIDA（38） Professor, Graduate School of Science, and Technology and Innovation, Kobe University/ Director, Bio Palette Co., Ltd.

○Dr. Toshihide HIGE（36）Research Scientist, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute

○Dr. Kyoko MIURA（37） Associate Professor, Department of Aging and Longevity Researches, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University

○Dr. Junichiro YAMAGUCHI（38） Associate Professor, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, WASEDA University

○Dr. Francois Le Gall(39） Associate Professor, Graduate School of Informatics Department of Communication and Computer Engineering

○Dr. Yoshihide WADA（37） Deputy Director, Water Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis(IIASA)

NISTEP Selection 2017

[ *As of November 2017]

Documents

The Thirty Years’ History of NISTEP · The National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) is a think tank on science and technology (S&T) policy within the direct