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What is nephritis? Conventional detection: Acute Glomerulonephritis Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease -> cause inability to filter waste and extra fluid from the blood Pathology: Larger crescent formation existed in the glomeruli. Proliferation of epithelium cells increases. Conventional method Ultrasound and CT Imaging Poorer resolution (millimeter scale) and ionizing radiation[1] Poorer correlation with histology features[2] [1] K. V. Sharma, A. M. Venkatesan, D. Swerdlow, D. DaSilva, A. Beck, N. Jain, and B. J. Wood, “Image-guided adrenal and renal biopsy.,” Tech Vasc Interv Radiol, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 100–109, Jun. 2010. [2] T. Sakai, F. H. Harris, D. J. Marsh, C. M. Bennett, and R. J. Glassock, “Extracellular fluid expansion and autoregulation in nephrotoxic serum nephritis in rats.,” Kidney Int, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 619–628, Apr. 1984.
Citation preview
Tissue analysis of nephritic kidney using optical coherence
elastography (OCE)
Chih-Hao Liu1, Manmohan Singh1, Jiasong Li1, Chen Wu1, Raksha1,
Rita Idugboe1, Yong Du1, Chandra Mohan1, Michael Twa2, and Kirill
V. Larin1,3 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Houston 2Department of Optometry, University of Houston 3Department
of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine
What is nephritis? Conventional detection: Acute
Glomerulonephritis
Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease -> cause inability to
filter waste and extra fluid from the blood Pathology: Larger
crescent formation existed in the glomeruli. Proliferation of
epithelium cells increases. Conventional method Ultrasound and CT
Imaging Poorer resolution (millimeter scale)and ionizing
radiation[1] Poorer correlation with histology features[2] [1] K.
V. Sharma, A. M. Venkatesan, D. Swerdlow, D. DaSilva, A. Beck, N.
Jain, and B. J. Wood, Image-guided adrenal and renal biopsy., Tech
Vasc Interv Radiol, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 100109, Jun [2] T. Sakai,
F. H. Harris, D. J. Marsh, C. M. Bennett, and R. J. Glassock,
Extracellular fluid expansion and autoregulation in nephrotoxic
serum nephritis in rats., Kidney Int, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 619628,
Apr Optical coherence elastography
OCE is a technique to measure the biomechanical properties of
tissues[4-6]. Provides high spatial resolution for elasticity
measurement in the order of nanometer Minimal excitation force
Preserves function and structure of delicate tissues Non-invasive
measurement [4]B. F. Kennedy, K. M. Kennedy, and D. D. Sampson, A
Review of Optical Coherence Elastography: Fundamentals, Techniques
and Prospects, IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron., vol. 20,
no. 2, pp. 272288. [5]Liang, X., V. Crecea, and S.A. Boppart,
Dynamic Optical Coherence Elastography: A Review.J Innov Opt Health
Sci, (4): p [6] J. Schmitt, OCT elastography: imaging microscopic
deformation and strain of tissue, Opt. Express, vol. 3, no. 6, pp.
199211, 1998. Optical coherence elastography
Elastic group wave detection: Texture metric -> Fluid content
(diseased feature) Induce elastic wave with focused-air pulse
Reconstruct elasticity from the elastic wave velocity Elastic wave
measurement is detail described in [7]: The OCE measurement is in
agreement with uniaxial mechanical compression testing.
(a)displacement profile of the elastic wave. (b) the measured
results of gelatin. [7]S. Wang, K. Larin, J. Li et al., A focused
air-pulse system for optical-coherence-tomography-based
measurements of tissue elasticity, Laser Physics Letters, 10(7),
(2013). Phase-stabilized swept source optical coherence
elastography (PhS-SSOCE) system
Swept source laser: 1310 75nm Aline rate: 30 kHz/per sec System
resolution: Axial: 11 um Lateral: 15 um Scanning distance: 6 mm
Phase sensitivity: 3 nm Air-pulse force: 11 Pa The experimental
setup is detailed in [7,8] 3.3 sensitivity in air [8] R. K.
Manapuram, V. G. R. Manne, and K. V. Larin, Development of
phase-stabilized swept-source OCT for the ultrasensitive
quantification of microbubbles, Laser Phys., vol. 18, no. 9, pp.
10801086, Sep Sample Preparation Mouse strain model: Protocol
129
Control x11 Nephritis x10 Protocol The capsule of all kidney
samples was removed. The experiment was performed immediately after
organ extraction. Each sample was immersed in saline for 4 min
before OCE measurement Elastic wave velocity calculation
Elastic group velocity measurement Nephritic kidney has softer
elastic Property due to: Larger content of proteinuria Higher
wet/dry ratio (a) Typical OCT image of a Nephritic sample and (b)
the displacement profile extracted from the red spots in (a)
Results and Discussion
Elastic wave velocity vs disease state.Statistical testing was
performed using a two-sample t-test In Fig. (a), it can be seen
that the dispersion wave front (blue color) of the healthy kidney
propagates faster than the nephritic kidney. This is due to the
renal inflammation inside the cortex. The quantitative results in
(b) shows that the proposed technique can efficiently detect the
glomerulonephritis. Future work Develop more elasticity metrics for
a better classification Viscosity OCT structural metrics, such as
optical attenuation and spatial speckle variance. Elastic wave
amplitude attenuation Reference [1] K. V. Sharma, A. M. Venkatesan,
D. Swerdlow, D. DaSilva, A. Beck, N. Jain, and B. J. Wood,
Image-guided adrenal and renal biopsy., Tech Vasc Interv Radiol,
vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 100109, Jun [2]T. Sakai, F. H. Harris, D. J.
Marsh, C. M. Bennett, and R. J. Glassock, Extracellular fluid
expansion and autoregulation in nephrotoxic serum nephritis in
rats., Kidney Int, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 619628, Apr [3] W. Hoddick,
R. B. Jeffrey, H. I. Goldberg et al., CT and sonography of severe
renal and perirenal infections, AJR Am J Roentgenol, 140(3),
(1983). [4]B. F. Kennedy, K. M. Kennedy, and D. D. Sampson, A
Review of Optical Coherence Elastography: Fundamentals, Techniques
and Prospects, [5]Liang, X., V. Crecea, and S.A. Boppart, Dynamic
Optical Coherence Elastography: A Review.J Innov Opt Health Sci,
(4): p [6] J. Schmitt, OCT elastography: imaging microscopic
deformation and strain of tissue, Opt. Express, vol. 3, no. 6, pp.
199211, 1998. [7]S. Wang, K. Larin, J. Li et al., A focused
air-pulse system for optical-coherence-tomography-based
measurements of tissue elasticity, Laser Physics Letters, 10(7),
(2013). [8] R. K. Manapuram, V. G. R. Manne, and K. V. Larin,
Development of phase-stabilized swept-source OCT for the
ultrasensitive quantification of microbubbles, Laser Phys., vol.
18, no. 9, pp. 10801086, Sep [9]C. H. Liu, M. N. Skryabina, J. Li,
M. Singh, E. N. Sobol, and K. V. Larin, Measurement of the
temperature dependence of Young's modulus of cartilage by
phase-sensitive optical coherence elastography, Quantum Electron.,
vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 751756, Sep [10]J. Li, S. Wang, R. K.
Manapuram, M. Singh, F. M. Menodiado, S. Aglyamov, S. Emelianov, M.
D. Twa, and K. V. Larin, Dynamic optical coherence tomography
measurements of elastic wave propagation in tissue-mimicking
phantoms and mouse cornea in vivo, J. Biomed. Opt., vol. 18, no.
12, p , Dec