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TORTS and DAMAGES

Fault Negligence

when a person acts in a manner contrary to what

should have een done

The !ailure to oserve !or the protection o! the

interests o! another person" the degree o! care or 

 precaution and vigilance which the circumstances

 #ustly demand" wherey such other person su!!ersin#ury

Only #uridical !ault gives rise to liaility !or 

damages and not moral !ault$

Relative or comparative" and not an asolute term

and its application depends upon the situation o! 

the parties and the degree o! care and vigilance

which the surrounding circumstances reasonaly

impose$

Mere into%ication is not negligence$

Arises !rom a positive act or conduct &ncurred through omission

'roader term$ There may e !ault without

negligence

A person guilty o! negligence is necessarily at !ault$

(the distinction however" does not e%ist$

)No*duty*to*act Rule+

,nless the de!endant has assumed a duty to act" or stands in a special relationship to the plainti!!"

de!endants are not liale in tort !or a pure !ailure to act !or the plainti!!-s ehal!$

E%ceptions.

/$ 0hen statutes impose a reasonale duty to ta1e action and protect others2

3$ 0hen the de!endant is under duty to use reasonale care and sa!ety where the de!endant is in

a special relationship with the plainti!!2

4$ 0hen the de!endant is under duty to use reasonale care !or the plainti!!-s sa!ety when the

de!endant is in a special relationship with the immediate tort!easor and is in the position tocontrol his ehavior$

• The scope o! no*duty*to*act rule only covers non*action or non!easance$

 Negligence cause o! action. A person who negligently causes personal in#ury or property damage is asu#ect to liaility in tort$

5haracteristics o! negligence cases.

/$ Open*ended claims 6 allows plainti!! to claim that the given conduct y the de!endant is

negligent$

3$ Actual harm re7uirement 6 no claim !or negligence will e recogni8ed unless the plainti!! su!!ers

actual harm$

4$ 9reoccupation with odily harm and property damage 6

:$ Damages when negligence claim is estalished

5oncept o! 7uasi*delict. (art. 2176)Any act or omission y a person ;tort!easor< which causes damage to another in his person"

 property" or tights" giving rise to an oligation to pay !or the damage done" there eing !ault or 

negligence ut there is no pre*e%isting contractual relation etween the parties$

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• Re!ers to those oligations which do not arise !rom law" contracts" 7uasi*contracts or criminal

o!!enses$

• The same negligent act or omission may create an action !or damages due to 7uasi*delict under 

the 55 or an action !or damages arising !rom a crime or delict$ Article 3/=> can only re!er to

7uasi*delicts e%cluding conduct punishale y law$ ?owever" !or the purpose o! recovering civilliaility arising !rom a crime or !elony" the plainti!! is given the privilege or option to treat the

o!!ense as a 7uasi*delict" and not as a delict" and accordingly" ase his civil action !or damages

which shall e entirely separate and distinct !rom" and shall proceed independently o!" the

criminal prosecution$

Re7uisites o! 7uasi delict.

1. There must e