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88 WWII Homefront Presentation Notes 201819.notebook
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TOTAL WAR "One front, one battle where everyone in the United States every man, woman and child is in action. That front is right here at home, in our daily life." FDR 1942
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Video TaskAs you watch the video take notes on the following:
• How did World War II lead to the end of the Great Depression at home?
• Describe the ways the US mobilized for war on the homefront.
America Story of Us Ep 10 WWII Homefront.mp4
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Rosie the Riveter
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JapaneseAmericans (NISEI)
War Relocation Authority 110,000 JapaneseAmericans moved to internment camps
Executive Order 9066
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Case Summary
Fred Korematsu refused to obey the wartime order to leave his home and report to a relocation camp for Japanese
Americans. He was arrested and convicted. After losing in the Court of Appeals, he appealed to the United States Supreme Court, challenging the constitutionality of the deportation
order.Korematsu v. United States (1944)
The Court's Decision
The Supreme Court upheld the order excluding persons of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast war zone during World War II. Three justices dissented.
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JapaneseAmericans and the internment
camps:
Should civil rights be suspended during an
emergency?
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Justice Hugo Black delivered the opinion of the Court. He began with the observation that legal restrictions on the rights of a single racial group will always be “suspect” and that “courts must subject them to the most rigid scrutiny.” However, they are not necessarily unconstitutional. The exclusion order imposed hardships “upon a large group of American citizens. …But hardships are part of war….Compulsory exclusion of large groups of citizens from their homes, except under circumstances of direct emergency and peril, is inconsistent with our basic governmental institutions. But when under conditions of modern warfare our shores are threatened by hostile forces, the power to protect must be commensurate with the threatened danger.”
Court's Opinion
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Justice Owen Roberts wrote in his dissent that this “is the case of convicting a citizen as a punishment for not submitting to imprisonment in a concentration camp, based on his ancestry, and solely because of his ancestry, without evidence or inquiry concerning his loyalty and good disposition towards the United States.” Justice Robert Jackson noted that comparable burdens were not imposed upon descendents of the other nationalities (German, Italian) with whom the United States was also at war.
Dissenting Opinion
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In June 1983, the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians concluded that the decision to remove those people of Japanese ancestry to U.S. prison camps occurred because of “race prejudice, war hysteria, and a failure of political leadership.” Four decades after the Supreme Court decision, after a legal historian discovered evidence proving that U.S. intelligence agencies knew that Japanese American posed no military threat to the country during World War II, Korematsu's conviction was overturned.
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AfricanAmericans
South Jim Crow segregated military
Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airmen were awarded several Silver Stars, 150 Distinguished Flying Crosses, 8 Purple Hearts, 14 Bronze Stars and 744 Air Medals.
In all, 992 pilots were trained in Tuskegee from 1940 to 1946; about 445 deployed overseas, and 150 Airmen lost their lives in accidents or combat.
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Code Talkers
