Towards a Smarter Grid: A Control Perspective

Professor, PhD, Jakob StoustrupDepartment of Electronic Systems,

Automation & Controles.aau.dk/staff/jakobAalborg, Oct. 4, 2012

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Why we need smart grid control…

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Why we need new ctrl. architectures…

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Why we need short term control…

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Virtual Power Plants

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Hierarchical control of distributed energy resources

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Ctrl of distributed energy resources

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Imbalance mitigation by DER ctrl

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Examples of Smart Grid Projects@ Dept. Electronic Systems,

Automation & Control• EDGE• SmartC2Net• IVIP• iPower• Smart & Cool• Market Integration of Virtual Power Plants

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EDGE: System Reserves

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EDGE

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SmartC2NetSmartC2Net

Enable robust smart grid control utilizing heterogeneous third-party communication infrastructures

Challenges

Variable communication network performance– caused by variable traffic load and

accidental faults

– affecting quality of input data and timeliness of control actions

Security threats– due to additional network

interfaces and

– the use of off-the-shelf communication technology

SmartC2Net

SmartC2NetSmartC2Net

SmartC2Net Consortium

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8 partners from 6 European countries (AT, DK, GE, IT, PT, NL)

+ Expert Advisory Board (5 DSOs)

IFIV: Remote control of heat pumps for smart grid purposes

Purpose: to move consumption according to wind power production.

Elspot prices and wind power production correlates.

Balance Responsible Party (BRP) optimize Elspot purchase based on•Elspot price estimates•Weather forecast•House parameters

The BRP controls the individual heat pumps. For each hour an amount of energy is bought in advance. Each house is controlled by the VPP in order keep the house temperature within a predefined band using the bought energy.The VPP calculates the possible regulating power each hour.

Results

Tested on 6 inhabited single family houses.Results for one house 18-19 April 2012 is shown.Spot plan power is the purchased energy for the house.Active plan power is the real time control signal to the house.Heat pump power is measured power from the heat pump.

It is seen that the active plan is approximately the same as the spot plan power.The room temperature is within the comfort bounds.A low threshold value on the heated water tank temperature forces additional heat pump starts.

Participants(opening)

Total 35 Partners ( 32 Legal entities)

22 Industrial companies 9 SMV’s : (Develco Products, ENFOR Greentech Solutions, QEES,

Greenwave Reality, Zense Technology, Nilan, Saseco) 6 following companies : ( Electronic Housekeeper, Gridmanager,

KPMG, Lodam Electronics, NeoGrid Technologies, Vestfrost Solutions) 8 Large companies : DONG, Danfoss, Grundfos, Vestas, IBM, NEAS

(Nordjysk Elhandel), COWI, Balslev

10 Universities and Recognized institutes 4 Danish : AAU ( Allborg University), DTI (Teknologisk Institut), DSKD

(Kolding Designskole), DTU (Risoe, CET, IMM, MAN) 5 International : (Lund, Dublin, Illinois, Berkley, National Consumer

Research Center -Finland) 1 Organization : DE (Dansk Energi - DEFU)

Project Packages overview

• Basic research• Business research

• IPR driven research

• Test and demonstration• Networks

• Business models

Socio-economic and Investor Evaluation

Industrial Demand Response

Consumer Behaviour

Control and Market Operation

Distribution Grid Operation

Platform Management Anders Troi

Information Sharing Platform

Domestic Demand Response

Frank ElefsenJacob Østergaard

Smart & Cool: Adaptive balancing of consumption in supermarkets

The overall goal of the project is to allow an increase in penetration of wind energy in the power grid. This will be realized by the optimal distribution of consumption in refrigeration systems and electricity production.

Participants:•DONG Energy•Danfoss •DTUIMM•AAU, ES, Automation & Control•KVCA

Size:•4 PhD students

4 PhD students

• flexibility in energy consumption (cool) - at AAU

• flexibility in consumption and production (cool-smart) - at DTU

• flexibility in energy production and consumption (smart-cool) - at AAU

• flexibility in energy production (smart) - at AAU

Market Integration of Virtual Power Plants

Industrial PhD student: Mette Kirschmeyer PetersenPartners: DONG Energy, Aalborg UniversityChallenge: how to aggregate distributed energy resour-ces optimally