Types of Types of GovernmentGovernmentDefining, Classifying and Defining, Classifying and

ComparingComparing

The 3 Major TypesThe 3 Major Types

Autocracy:Autocracy:Oligarchy:Oligarchy:Democracy:Democracy:

AutocracyAutocracy

Dictatorship:Dictatorship: Gov’t ruled by an individual Gov’t ruled by an individual without hereditary ascension, often militarily without hereditary ascension, often militarily based. based. Example: Iraq under Saddam HusseinExample: Iraq under Saddam Hussein

Monarchy:Monarchy: Gov’t headed by a King/Queen Gov’t headed by a King/Queen through hereditary title.through hereditary title. Absolute:Absolute: Government where the king or queen Government where the king or queen

has complete and total power over all aspects of has complete and total power over all aspects of his/her subjects' lives.his/her subjects' lives.

Example: France under Louis XIVExample: France under Louis XIV Constitution:Constitution: Government in which a Government in which a

King/Queen acts as the head of state of a written King/Queen acts as the head of state of a written constitution. constitution.

Example: United KingdomExample: United Kingdom

OligarchyOligarchy Government in which power Government in which power

effectively rests with a small elite effectively rests with a small elite segment of society distinguished by segment of society distinguished by royal, wealth, intellectual, family. royal, wealth, intellectual, family. Often with distorted election Often with distorted election process.process.Example: 20Example: 20thth South Africa South Africa

under white rule. under white rule.

DemocracyDemocracy The true power lays with the people.The true power lays with the people. Examples:Examples:

Direct:Direct: Exists in only small areas. Each Exists in only small areas. Each individual has a direct say/direct vote.individual has a direct say/direct vote.Examples: Class room vote or some Examples: Class room vote or some small town hall meetings.small town hall meetings.

Representative:Representative: Most common. People Most common. People elect someone to understand the elect someone to understand the issues and vote for the people they issues and vote for the people they represent.represent.Example: United StatesExample: United States

Parliamentary SystemsParliamentary Systems Type of representative democracy used in Type of representative democracy used in

most democracies.most democracies. Many parties - due to either no election Many parties - due to either no election

districts (Israel) or multi-person districts.districts (Israel) or multi-person districts. Majority party or coalition party (several Majority party or coalition party (several

smaller parties combined to form the smaller parties combined to form the majority) have control of the government.majority) have control of the government.

Executive (president or prime minister, or Executive (president or prime minister, or both) is selected by majority or coalition both) is selected by majority or coalition party.party.

Some have a unicameral parliament. (ex – Some have a unicameral parliament. (ex – Greece, Finland, Israel)Greece, Finland, Israel)

Red – constitutional monarchies

Orange – parliamentary republics where parliamentary is superior to head of state

Turquoise – parliamentary republics where head of state is superior to parliament

Comparing Governments- Comparing Governments- Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

What do you see as the What do you see as the strengths of each form of strengths of each form of government?government?

What do you feel are the What do you feel are the weaknesses of each form of weaknesses of each form of government?government?

Economic Economic TheoriesTheories

Main Systems Affecting Main Systems Affecting Governments Governments

Different Views of the Different Views of the Following:Following:

Ownership of PropertyOwnership of Property Principle of OperationPrinciple of Operation WagesWages ProfitsProfits Government’s role/involvementGovernment’s role/involvement Amount of CompetitionAmount of Competition Production DecisionsProduction Decisions

Main Types of Economic Main Types of Economic Government TheoriesGovernment Theories

Communism Communism Socialism Socialism CapitalismCapitalism

CapitalismCapitalismOwnership of Property: Ownership of Property: Private, most Private, most

businesses not governmentally owned (or businesses not governmentally owned (or limited government ownership).limited government ownership).

Principle of Operation: Principle of Operation: Free market Free market system with open competition, system with open competition, accumulation of wealth is possible and accumulation of wealth is possible and heavily encourages investment.heavily encourages investment.Example: United States (but we are not Example: United States (but we are not

purely capitalistic)purely capitalistic)

Continued…Continued…

Wages: Will also vary Wages: Will also vary depending on educational depending on educational levels, type of work, and the levels, type of work, and the amount of skill required.amount of skill required.

Profits: Vastly ranges Profits: Vastly ranges depending on type of depending on type of business or services offered.business or services offered.

Capitalism ContinuedCapitalism Continued Government’s role/involvement: Government’s role/involvement:

Laissez-faire (hands off). Examples Laissez-faire (hands off). Examples when they do get involved is when a when they do get involved is when a monopoly develops or when economic monopoly develops or when economic conditions dictate their involvement.conditions dictate their involvement.Creation of low income programs to Creation of low income programs to provide aid or relief.provide aid or relief.

Example: Food Stamps, WelfareExample: Food Stamps, WelfareAlso when gov’t regulations are Also when gov’t regulations are needed to protect the consumers.needed to protect the consumers.

Example: FDA and EPAExample: FDA and EPA

Continued…Continued…

Amount of Competition: Unlimited Amount of Competition: Unlimited Competition, sometimes markets can Competition, sometimes markets can become supersaturated.become supersaturated.Example: Gas Stations and fast foodExample: Gas Stations and fast food

Production Decisions: Entirely up to Production Decisions: Entirely up to the owner based on demand for the owner based on demand for products. Can increase or decrease products. Can increase or decrease production as they see fit.production as they see fit.

Capitalism IssuesCapitalism Issues

BANK

Side effect of modern Side effect of modern capitalismcapitalism

SocialismSocialism

Ownership of Property: Some Ownership of Property: Some public ownership (or cooperative public ownership (or cooperative ownership) of land, factories and ownership) of land, factories and other means of production.other means of production.

Principle of Operation: The idea Principle of Operation: The idea that everybody shares and that that everybody shares and that the distribution of wealth and the distribution of wealth and opportunities is more equal.opportunities is more equal.

Socialist CommunesSocialist Communes

Continued…Continued…

Wages: Everybody makes the Wages: Everybody makes the same due to the idea of same due to the idea of sharing equally all profits and sharing equally all profits and products.products.

Profits: Harder to accumulate Profits: Harder to accumulate wealth; people usually get wealth; people usually get enough for everyone to live enough for everyone to live well but extravagantly.well but extravagantly.

Socialism ContinuedSocialism Continued

Government’s role/involvement: Controls Government’s role/involvement: Controls raw materials used in production of goods, raw materials used in production of goods, aides in distribution of products and aides in distribution of products and wages, may also operate certain industries wages, may also operate certain industries and provide social welfare programs.and provide social welfare programs.

Amount of Competition: Limited due to the Amount of Competition: Limited due to the fact that everyone shares and is in it fact that everyone shares and is in it together.together.

Production Decisions: Dictated by the Production Decisions: Dictated by the needs of the people and regulated by the needs of the people and regulated by the government.government.

Capitalism to SocialismCapitalism to Socialism

CommunismCommunism

Ownership of Property: The Ownership of Property: The State State owns the land, businesses, raw owns the land, businesses, raw materials and transportation.materials and transportation.

Principle of Operation: The Principle of Operation: The gov’t gov’t makes the decisionsmakes the decisions for the for the nation’s economy with the idea of nation’s economy with the idea of meeting the basic needs of the meeting the basic needs of the people.people.

View of CommunismView of Communism

Continued…Continued…

Wages: Enough for people Wages: Enough for people to survive and provide the to survive and provide the basic means for their basic means for their family.family.

Profits: Profits: Goes to the state Goes to the state (or communist party (or communist party leaders)leaders)

Communism ContinuedCommunism Continued

Government’s role/involvement: Gov’t Government’s role/involvement: Gov’t controls controls all aspectsall aspects including the mass including the mass media.media.

Amount of Competition: Limited since all Amount of Competition: Limited since all businesses are owned and operated by businesses are owned and operated by the gov’t.the gov’t.

Production Decisions: Government Production Decisions: Government officials make all decisions on what to officials make all decisions on what to produce, how much and then how to produce, how much and then how to distribute those goods throughout the distribute those goods throughout the nation.nation.

Russian Breadlines under Russian Breadlines under CommunismCommunism

Dangers of CommunismDangers of Communism

For DiscussionFor Discussion

Are there any particular Are there any particular aspects of these forms aspects of these forms

that appeal to you? that appeal to you? Which ones? Which Which ones? Which

ones don’t?ones don’t?