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8/2/2019 Ung Dung Probiotic
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Li m u
Slide 2
Nui trng thy sn cng nh nhng ngnh cng nghip khc, lunlun i hi nhng k thut mi lm tng sn lng sn phm.Nhng k thut hin i v nhng ngnh khoa hc khc nh cng nghsinh hc v vi sinh hc l nhng cng c quan trng nhm t csn phm c cht lng tt hn v sn lng cao hn. S cho n vnhng k thut nui trng mi thng ng vai tr quan trng trong
nui trng thy sn, v thm vo nhng cht ph gia nhm cn bngcng thc dinh dng t c s pht trin tt hn l cch lmthng thng ca nh sn xut v nng dn.
Probiotics, tc nhn sinh hoc thn thin nh vi khun acid lactic vBaillus spp, c a vo mi trng nui cy iu khin v cnhtranh vi vi khun gy bnh cng nh y mnh s pht trin casinh vt nui cy. Ngoi ra, probiotics cn l nhng vi sinh vt khnggy bnh , khng c hi, khng gy tc dng ph khng mong munvi nhng sinh vt sng trong nc.
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Slide 3
CHUONG I: NG DNG CA PROBIOTIC
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Trn c Kennedy et al. (1998) s dng vi khun probiotic trong nui cy u
trng c bin . H phn lp v s dng probionts trong nui cy c
common snook, red drum, c hi m v c i sc
lm tng khnng sng st, kch thc ng nht v t l tng trng.
C common snook
C i scC hi m
C red rum
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Lara-Flores et al. (2003) s dng 2 loi vikhun probiotic v nm men Saccharomyces
cerevisiae trn c r phi con Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticusnhng con c con vich n b sung probiotic c kh nng lnnhanh hn cho vi nhng con c vi ch nbnh thng
Carnevali et al. (2004) phn lp cLactobacillus fructivorans (AS17B) t rut cvn bingim ng k u trng v c cont vong trong nhm c m h tin hnh thnghim.
C vn bin
Gildberg et al. (1997) phn tch nhhng ca mt loi probiotic l vi khunacid lactic trong thc n ln s tng
trng v t l sng st ca nhng conc tuyt i ty dng C tuyt i ty dng
C r phi
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Moriarty (1999) bo co cc thnh cng ca mnh trong vic sdng vi khun probiotic thay v thuc khng sinh kim sot Luminus
vibrios trong nhng trang tri tm Negros, Philippine. Hiu qu ca ozone v cc ch phm sinh hc trn s sng st ca
tm s c ghi nhn bi Meunpol et al.(2003). Khng lc ca vi khun Bacillus chng li bnh Vibrios c kim
chng trn tm s(P.monodon), v c xut nh l gii php
iu tr thay th cho thuc khng sinh trong nui tm(Vaseeharan &Ramasamy, 2003). Rengpipat et al. (2003): nghin cu s pht trin v kh nng khng
bnh Vibrio trn tm s(P. monodon) m c cho n ch phm sinhhc Bacillus (BS11)s tng trng v t l sng st ca tm tngng k
Nogami and Maeda (1992) pht hin ra rng lng u trng cua(Portunus trituberculatus) tng ln sau khi b sung chng vi khun PM-4 vo mi trng nc nui cy.
Trn ng vt gip xc
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Trn ng vt thn mm v 2 mnh
Alteromons haloplanktis c phn tch t tuyn sinh
dc ca S ip chile(Argopecten purpuratus) chng licc tc nhn gy bnh c nhn bit nh Vibrioordalii, V. parahaemolyticus, V. anguillarum,V. alginolyticusv Aeromonas hydrophila .
2 chng A. haloplanktis v a Vibrio strain 11( cho thyhiu qu c ch V. anguillarum trong ng nghim) bo vu trng s chng li V. anguillarum (Riquelme et al., 1997;Verschuere et al., 2000).
Douillet & Langdon (1994) b sung thm chng vi
khun(CA2) nh l thc n b sung cho u trng huCrassostrea gigas khin nhng u trng ny pht trinnhanh hn
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V cht lng nc ng dng ca mt nhm vi sinh vt c li (nh Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Nitrosomonas,
Cellulomonas, Nitrobacter, Pseudomonas, Rhodoseudomonas, Nitrosomonas vAcinetobacter) rt hu ch cho vic kim sot vi sinh vt gy bnh v cht lng nc(Prabhuet al, 1999; Shariff et al, 2001; Irianto & Austin, 2002)
Douilett (1998) s dng probiotic hn hp ci thin cht lng nc trong c v gipxc bng cch gim nng hu c vt liu (OM) v amoniac.
Vic b sung hn hp ny gip gim mt tp trung ca cc chng vi khun Vibrio vt kim sot bnh do chng Vibrio gy ra
vi khun Bacillus spp c xem l ch phm sinh hc, c cng dng trong ci thin chtlng nc nh hng n thnh phn qun th vi sinh vt truyn qua nc v gim stc nhn gy bnh trong cc trang tri nhng vng ln cn.
Cc vi khun thuc chi Bacillus, Pseudomonas,Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, Acinetobacterv Cellulomonas c bit l c vai tr trong vic khong ho hu c nc v lm gims tch t ca ti trng hu c.
(Shariff et al, 2001) vic s dng cc sn phm vi sinh vt trong nui trng thy sn nhmtng kh nng loi b amoniac
Prabhu et al. (1999) s dng mt s vi sinh vt trong mt trang tri nui tm nh gichng nh l mt yu t kim sot cht lng nc.
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Nitrobacter lactobacillus
Bacillus subtilisLactobacillus acidophylus
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On human consumption Theo Ayurveda, cch y kho ng 2500 n m tr c
Cng Nguyn m t trong nh ng thnh t u khoa h c y t lu i nh t l m c tiu th s a chua cho vi c duy tr m t s c kh e t t.
Cc sinh v t s n xu t axit trong ln men cc s n
ph m s a c th ng n ch n nhi m khu n ng ru t v do d n n ko di tu i th c a ng i tiu dng (Heller, 2001).
oProbiotics c m t lo t cc nh h ng n s c kh e con ng i. Probiotic c dng trong cc ng dung nh : kch thch mi n d ch, ki m sot cc b nh d
ng, i u tr cc b nh lin quan n tiu ha ng ch ng h n nh b nh vim ru t, v ki m sot ung th i tr c trng v to bn.
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CHNG II:
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Vi khun acid lactic
y l lo i vi khun Gram dng,khng c tnh di ng Cc loi khc nhau ca vi khu n acid lactic : Streptococcus,
Leuconostoc, Pediococcus,Aerococcus, Enterococcus, Vagococcus,Lactobacillus, Carnobacterium
Chng c tm thy trong h vi sinh ng ru t ca cc loi ngvt ng nhit khc nhau, trong sa v sn phm sa, sn phm thysn (Ring & Gatesoupe, 1998).
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Vi khun Bacillus
GingBacillus phn b rt rng trong t nhin, nht l trong t, chngtham gia tch cc vo s phn hy vt cht hu c nh vo kh nng
sinh nhiu loi enzyme ngoi bo. Bacillus c tm thy gn 500 loi, l vi khun hnh que, gram dng,sinh trng hiu kh hoc k kh khng bt buc, tt c u hnh thnhni bo t sinh vt thng c tm thy trong khng kh, nc, t,bi v cc lp trm tch (Gatesoupe nm 1999; Green et al, 1999;Moriarty, 1999).
Chng cng tham gia lm h hng thc phm
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Sn xut ca cc hp cht c ch:Da vo tc dng khng khun ca vi khun sn xut nh :
+ thuc khng sinh.
+ bacteriocins.
+ sideropheros,+ lysozyme, protease.
+ hydroperoxide.
+ thay i cc gi tr pH, v sn xut cc axit hu c v ammonia.
Vi khun axit lactic v vi khun Bacillus sn xut mt s hp cht c
th c ch s pht trin ca vi khun cnh tranh. Trong s nhnghp cht ny, bacteriocins l quan trng nht.
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S cnh tranh cho cc cht dinh dng, khng gian v Fe:- Cnh tranh cht dinh dng c th ng vai tr quan trng trong thnh
phn ca h vi sinh vt ng rut hoc mi trng xung quanh ca ccloi thy sn.
- Tng cng mt s chng vi khun nh khun sa v vi khun ca
probiotic do c th lm gim cc cht nn c sn cho cc qun th vikhun khc.- St cn thit cho s pht trin ca vi sinh vt, cc chng vi khun c kh
nng cnh tranh thnh cng i vi st trong mi trng rut.
- Trong mt th nghim, Smith v Davey (1993) cho thy rng vi khunpseudomonad hunh quang ca vi khun cnh tranh c th c ch s pht
trin ca mm bnh c Aeromonas salmonicida. Kt qu ca h cho thyrng c s pht hnh quang c l l do cnh tranh i vi st d.
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Cc hn ch ca vic s dng khng sinh:- Khng sinh c c s dng k t khi cuc chin tranh th chin th hai,
v nhng loi thuc ny ng mt vai tr quan trng trong vic chabnh ngi v ng vt.
- Ngy nay vic s dng khng sinh tr nn rng ri, nn ngun cung cp
nguyn liu ang tnh trng bo ng.- Vic lm dng thuc khng sinh xut hin v ly lan vi khun khngkhng sinh.
- Hai iu kin cn thit cho vic khng khng sinh pht trin. u tin, cquan sinh vt phi tip xc vi khng sinh. Sau , chng li cc tc nhngy bnh, mt s vi khun cht i cn mt s vi khun s sng st, bi v h
mang gen khng.- Vi khun khng khng sinh gia tng nn ngi ta ngh thay th bng vi
khun probiotic thay th cc phng php phng chng bnh.
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Kch thch s tng trng v ci thin cht dinh dng trong vtch:
- Nui trng thy sn l mt trong nhng la chn quan trng nhttrong sn xut protein ng vt, v i hi thc n cht lng caovi mt hm lng protein cao cng nh mt s ph gia b sung gi cho cc sinh vt khe mnh v tng trng.
vi khun probiotic l mt ng c vin tt ci thin tiu ha cccht dinh dng v tng trng trong cc sinh vt thy sn.
- Cc ch n c b sung probiotic gip cho s tng trng caohn so vi ch n kim sot. Ngoi ra, cc probiotic c th gimthiu nhng nh hng ca cc yu t stress.
- Venkat et al. (2004) nh gi nh hng ca mt s probiotic. Theokt qu ca h, s tng trng ng k c quan st khi cho utrng n ch n b sung probiotic.
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