1History of Medicine, Athens UniversityMedical School; 22nd Surgical Dept.,Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital; 3Dept.of Urology, Hippocrateion GeneralHospital, Athens, Greece

Introduction and Objectives: The pre-sentation of the situation in the Byzantinecapital regarding pediatric health prob-lems focusing on urogenital diseases ofinfants, children, and adolescents accord-ing to medical and literal sources.Materials and Methods: The review ofthe medical literature of Early Byzantiumas well as the detailed analysis of a uniquehagiographical text, written in the 7thcentury, the “Miracles of Saint Artemius”(Miracula Sancti Artemii), where 15 casesof pediatric urological diseases are de-scribed.Results: Although the original purpose ofthe miracles’ account of the Holy Saintswas the spiritual education of the faithfulChristians, their contemporary value hasbeen extended, providing informationabout the everyday life in the urban cen-ters, the public health and the practice ofthe medical profession. The religious aidwas significant in those times, when life-threatening dangers were common andmedical help often insufficient. Orchitis,hydrocele, inguinal and scrotal hernia,torsion of the testicles, all representativepaedo-urological problems, were consid-ered as difficult cases demanding some-times surgical operations, extremely diffi-cult for these ages, without anesthesia andantisepsis. Therefore, the OrthodoxChurch was involved through the miracu-lous treatments of the specialized in Urol-ogy Saint Artemius, whose shrine was lo-cated in Saint John the Baptist Church inConstantinople.Conclusions: The intervention of theHoly Saint Artemius, protector for all her-nias and urological diseases in desperatecases of young patient reveals: a) the diffi-culty of paedo-urological treatments andespecially the operative methods and b)the Byzantine attitude towards religionand the acceptance of miraculous medi-cine as an alternative or a complementaryway to the rational medicine.

UP-01.093Satyriasis and Priapism in HellenisticMedical LiteraturePoulakou-rebelakou E1, Tsiamis C1,Koutsiaris E2, Rempelakos A3

1History of Medicine, Athens UniversityMedical School; 2Dept. of Urology, SaintSavvas Anticancer Hospital; 3Dept. of

Urology, Hippocrateion General Hospital,Athens, Greece

Introduction and Objectives: The de-scription and distinction of the two condi-tions, priapism and satyriasis, which arenamed from the god Priapus and the Sa-tyrs, the legendary features of Greek my-thology respectively.Material and Methods: The review ofthe works mainly of the Greco-Romanperiod, which often saved other previousworks otherwise definitely lost. Addition-ally, the analysis of the symbolism of theinvolved mythical characters, such as Pria-pus, the Satyrs, and the Sileni is at-tempted.Results: The first detailed description ofsatyriasis can be found in the work of thephysician Aretaeus of Cappadocia (2nd C.AD), who supports that the sufferers can-not satisfy their permanent sexual desire,even after multiple and intense inter-courses, showing behavioral problems andpsychic disturbances. Soranus of Ephesus(2nd C. AD) describing also the samesymptoms, adds his experience that satyri-asis can also happen to women. His com-mentator, Caelius Aurelianus (5th C. AD),makes the differential diagnosis betweenpriapism and satyriasis sharing with Dem-etrius of Apameia (1st C. BC) the commonbelief that erection in priapism is not ac-companied by sexual stimulation and plea-sure. Finally, the most famous of the phy-sicians of Hellenistic era, Galen (2nd CAD), supports that the term “satyriasis” isused with double interpretation: the firstis related with leprosy and the “leoninefacies” resembling to that of a satyr andthe second is the mentioned by all theother physicians. Galen also distinguishedsatyriasis from priapism based on the exis-tence or lack of desire. The survival of allthese opinions is possible through thegreat medical compilations of the Byzan-tine medical authors (Oribasius of Perga-mum, Aetius of Amida, Alexander ofTralles, and Paul of Aegina) who quotedall these previous physicians.Conclusions: Both diseases connectedwith the super-activity of erectile functionhave been described and divided sincethe Hellenistic era, aiming to differenttherapeutic approaches.

UP-01.094Ithyphallism in Ancient Greek ArtPoulakou-Rebelakou E1,Athanasopoulou I1, Rempelakos L1,Tsiamis C1, Rempelakos A2

1History of Medicine, Athens University

Medical School; 2Dept. of Urology,Ippokrateion Hospital, Athens, Greece

Introduction and Objectives: The pre-sentation of the legendary features of theGreek mythology having genitals of super-natural size or abilities for permanent orprolonged erectile function and their sym-bolism in art and in the comedies of theancient classic theater.Materials and Methods: The collectionof certain vase figures and statues of theancient classical Greek art which repre-sent ithyphallic gods, semi-gods and othercreatures as well as the review of thetexts of the ancient Greek comedies, fo-cusing on the presence of ithyphallic he-roes.Results: The Satyrs and the Silenoi be-longed to the human-figured features ofthe Greek mythology but their connectionto the goat-footed god Pan, added to themthe same appearance. They were also ac-companying the god Dionysus in his orgi-astic activities and were present in a spe-cial kind of theater plays baptized “satiricdramas”, where their oversized phalluswas a characteristic sign. In Euripides’“Cyclops” they are slaves of the CyclopsPolyphemus and in Sophocles’ “Tracers”they are searching for the god Apollo’ssheep which the god Hermes had stolen(in Athens, the columns representingHermes’ head on their top had also ithy-phallic genitals). Aggressive behavior goesin parallel with their super-active genitals,which except from fertility symbol aimsto the amusement of the audience, withthe ithyphallic members of the Chorus.The Faunes in Roman mythology and simi-lar deities are also present in the Celtic,German and Slav legends. Finally, Priapus,a fertility god of Asia Minor origin, is rep-resented ithyphallic, as a symbol of abun-dance of natural products.Conclusion: Ithyphallism, the representa-tion in art and comedy of the excessivedimensions of genitals, served for centu-ries the basic element of all fertility cere-monies. Furthermore, the giant phalluswas and remained a desirable dream formale expectations of all times.

UP-01.095The Second Oldest Urological Dept. inEurope Is Over 90 Years Old: AnHistorical ReviewRomics I, Szendroi ADept. of Urology, Semmelweis University,Budapest, Hungary

Introduction and Objectives: Our aimwas to introduce our 91-year-old depart-

UNMODERATED POSTER SESSIONS

S216 UROLOGY 78 (Supplement 3A), September 2011