Upgrade 2 - Unit 1Upgrade 2 - Unit 1

Grammar ReferenceGrammar Reference

Review of Verb TensesReview of Verb Tenses

We use the Simple Present to express repetead actions, statements, facts, and routines.

FUTUREPAST PRESENT

I always go to school by bus.My father lives in another city.

Brazil produces great part of the coffee consumed in the world.I wake up at 7 a.m. on weekdays.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

I

You

He She It

We You They

early.

wake up

wake up

wakes up

NEGATIVE FORM

do

does

I

You

He She It

doWe You They

early.wake up not

do not don’t does not doesn’t

INTERROGATIVE FORM

Do

Does

I

you

he she it

Do we you they

early?wake up

And you?What is your routine? Can you describe your

typical weekdays?

What do you usually do in your free time?

What about you best friend? What does she/he usually do in her/his free time?

We use the Present Continuous to talk about actions, events or situations that are happening NOW.

We can also use it to talk about activities that will happen in the future or that are consistently planned.

I’m having an English class now.My mom is making lunch for us.

FUTUREPAST PRESENT

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

am

are

is

I

You

He She It

areWe You They

on the street.walking

NEGATIVE FORM

am

are

is

I

You

He She It

areWe You They

on the street.walkingnot

INTERROGATIVE FORM

Am

Are

Is

I

you

he she it

Are we you they

on the street?walking

And you?Where is your mom or dad right now? What is she/he

doing?

Do not look at the person next to you. What is he/she wearing? Can you remember?

What are you doing next weekend?

We use the Simple Past to talk about actions that happened at a specific time in the past.

FUTUREPAST PRESENT

I visited Peru in 2004.Paula broke her arm yesterday.

Did you read the book I told you about?

It is frequently used to tell and retell stories, memories and facts.

NEGATIVE FORM

did

I

You

He She It

We You They

to him.listennot

did not didn’t

Did you visit Peru in 2004?Did you read the book I told you about?

Yes, I did.No, I didn’t

And you?What about yesterday? And your last weekend? Can

you list the things you did?

Talk a little bit about your childhood. List the things you used to do/like and the places you used to go when you

were a child.

Do you remember your last dream? Tell more about it.

I’m going to visit my parent’s farm next month.Susan is going to buy a new car as soon as she finds a new job.

We use GOING TO + infinitive to talk about plans and intentions for the future.

FUTUREPAST PRESENT

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

am

are

is

I

You

He She It

areWe You They

buy a new car.going to

NEGATIVE FORM

am

are

is

I

You

He She It

areWe You They

buy a new car.going tonot

INTERROGATIVE FORM

Am

Are

Is

I

you

he she it

Are we you they

buy a new car.going to

And you?

What are you going to do after class?

What are your plans for your next vacation?

What are your carreer intentions? Do you have any plans?

We use it to talk about an action or event that was happening around a particular time in the past.

FUTUREPAST PRESENT

I broke my arm when I was skiing.

skiing

AFFIRMATIVE FORM

was

were

was

I

You

He She It

wereWe You They

skiing.ing.

NEGATIVE FORM

I

You

He She It

We You They

skiing.ing.not

was

were

was

were

INTERROGATIVE FORM

i

you

he she it

we you they

skiing?ing?

Was

Were

Was

Were

And you?

What were you studying before this class?

What were you doing yesterday in the afternoon?

What were your parents doing last Saturday night?