USING DIVERSE DATA SOURCES TO DETECT ELEVATIONAL … · 2012-09-07 · 189 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012 USING DIVERSE DATA SOURCES TO DETECT ELEVATIONAL RANGE CHANGES OF BIRDS

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THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012

USING DIVERSE DATA SOURCES TO DETECT ELEVATIONAL RANGE CHANGES OF BIRDS ON MOUNT KINABALU, MALAYSIAN BORNEO

J. Berton C. HarrisEnvironment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia

Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International AffairsPrinceton University, USA

Email: [email protected] (Corresponding author)

Ding Li YongNature Society (Singapore), 510 Geylang Road, The Sunfl ower #02–05 Singapore 38946

Email: [email protected]

Frederick H. SheldonMuseum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA


Andy J. BoyceMontana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA


James A. Eaton17 Keats Avenue, Littleover, Derby, DE23 4EE, UK


Henry BernardInstitute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Malaysia


Alim BiunSabah Parks, P.O. Box 10626, 88806 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia


Angela Langevin191 Richmond Rd., Coventry, CT 06238, USA


Thomas E. MartinMontana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA


Dan WeiSchool of Physics and Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Australia


ABSTRACT. — Few empirical studies have measured the effects of climate change on tropical biodiversity, and this paucity has contributed to uncertainty in predicting the severity of climate change on tropical organisms. With regards to elevational changes, most studies have either re-sampled historical systematic survey sites or analyzed time series of occurrence data at long-term study sites. Such data sources are unavailable for most tropical mountains, so other methods of detecting elevational changes must be sought. Here we combine data from published checklists, recent fi eld work, peer-reviewed literature, unpublished reports, birdwatchers’ trip reports, databases of birdwatchers’ observations, audio recordings, and photographs to compare historical (pre-1998) and current (post-2006) bird distributions on Mt. Kinabalu in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Records were carefully checked by experts on Bornean birds. More species are now known from Mt. Kinabalu, but historical data provided elevational range estimates for more species than current data because of extensive mountain-wide collections and surveys. Most elevational comparisons for this study had to be limited to the 1450–1900 m elevational band, where most of the recent work has been done. Information was compiled

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012 Supplement No. 25: 189–239Date of Publication: 30 Jun.2012© National University of Singapore

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Harris et al.: Altitudinal range shifts of Bornean birds

into an annotated list of 342 species from 200–4095 m. We present this list to encourage refi nement of the dataset and future work on elevational distributions on the mountain. Of 58 species with suffi cient data from 1450 m to the summit, 38 appear to have shifted their ranges (24 species upslope and 14 downslope). A total of 22 resident species have recently been observed above their published maximum elevation for Borneo. Some species that have shifted upwards, such as Chalcophaps indica and Pellorneum pyrrogenys, are now common or breeding at elevations above their published maximum. Fifteen species appear to have declined on the mountain, probably as a result of habitat loss outside the protected area. Several of the upslope shifts are probably attributable to climate change, but many downslope shifts may be artifacts of incomplete recent sampling. The upward shifts agree with the few other tropical range comparisons that have been published. Our approach demonstrates the viability of combining diverse data sources (of varying accuracy and bias) to detect distributional shifts from climate change.

KEY WORDS. — checklist, citizen science, climate change, habitat loss, range limit

INTRODUCTION

Approximately 1,000 bird species are restricted to tropical mountains (Harris et al., 2011). Most of these species are considered of ‘least concern’ because their upland ranges are typically forested (BirdLife International, 2011), yet they may be particularly vulnerable to climate change because their montane and often narrow ranges put them at risk of mountaintop extinctions and range shift gaps (Colwell et al., 2008; Sekercioglu et al., 2008). New modelling approaches have made progress in predicting which tropical species may be most vulnerable to climate change (e.g., La Sorte & Jetz, 2010), but so few studies have measured the effects of climate change on tropical birds that our understanding is still rudimentary (Harris et al., 2011). In addition, weather station coverage is extremely sparse in many tropical uplands in both space and time, which makes climate monitoring and associated biodiversity studies diffi cult (Raxworthy et al., 2008).

The few published distributional comparisons from tropical mountains—studies of moths on Gunung [=Mount] Kinabalu in Malaysian Borneo (Chen et al., 2009, 2011), birds in Peru (Forero-Medina et al., 2011), reptiles and amphibians in Madagascar (Raxworthy et al., 2008), and multiple taxa in Costa Rica (Pounds et al., 1999, 2005)—have found upward shifts in species distributions, which will likely cause changes in the ecology of montane communities. Chen et al. (2009) analysed climate data and compared moth (Lepidoptera) distributions from 1965– 2008 on Mt. Kinabalu. They found that temperatures have increased by c. 0.7°C on the mountain since 1965, and distributions of the 102 moth species have shifted upwards by 67 m on average (which is less than the adiabatic lapse rate prediction of 127 m of elevation change with temperature change). Peh (2007) took a broader approach and compared elevational ranges of 300 generalist bird species (to control for the effects of habitat loss) from Southeast Asian fi eld guides between 1975 and 2000. He found that 84 species shifted their upper range margin upslope while maintaining a stable lower margin, seven shifted their lower margin upslope with a stable upper margin, and three shifted both margins. His results suggest that birds are shifting their ranges upslope in the region (especially the upper margins),

but his analysis was restricted to generalist species at a regional scale.

To develop a database and compare elevational distributions of birds from prior to 1998 to after 2006 on Mt. Kinabalu, we surveyed birds on the mountain and compiled information from checklists, citizen science observations, the literature, and unpublished reports. We also checked for changes in species abundance when comparing historical and current patterns, as has been done with other checklist comparisons and re-surveys of historically-sampled sites in the tropics (Sodhi et al., 2006; Pearson et al., 2010).

At 4095 m, Mt. Kinabalu is the tallest mountain between New Guinea and the Himalayas. It is the “most important biogeographic feature of Borneo” (Sheldon et al., 2001: 49) and potentially an essential refuge of endemism from climate change-induced range shifts (Chen et al., 2011). Kinabalu Park, which covers c. 753 km2, was declared protected in 1963. Most of the park is above 1200 m, but elevations descend to 200 m at Serinsim (Fig. 1). In 1978, 289 bird species were known from Mt. Kinabalu (Jenkins & de Silva, 1978). In 1996, this number had increased to 306 species (Jenkins et al., 1996). Weather station coverage is poor in the Mt. Kinabalu region, but gridded data in the 5° × 5° cell that encompasses Mt. Kinabalu show an increase in mean annual temperature of +0.48ºC from 1998–2007 (Chen et al., 2009). The lapse rate on Mt. Kinabalu was estimated as c. 0.55°C per 100 m of elevation gain (Kitayama, 1992), so the observed temperature change could have theoretically driven an 87 m upward shift during our study period, assuming a linear relationship between climate and species distributions (Ghalambor et al., 2006).

Most of Kinabalu Park has remained largely undisturbed since 1963, which makes it ideal for studying range shifts from climate change independent of the effects of habitat loss. But areas outside the park have become increasingly disturbed (Beaman & Beaman, 1990; McMorrow & Talip, 2001), and the extensive submontane forest on the Pinosuk plateau near Kundasang was degazetted from the park and deforested in the early 1980s to develop a copper mine and other land uses (Fig. 1; Sheldon, 1986). Therefore, some submontane species

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that were once recorded on the plateau (e.g., by Smythies, 1964; Gore, 1968) are no longer found there, and populations of submontane forest birds below park headquarters are much reduced (Sheldon et al., 2001). This situation makes it diffi cult to compare past and current lower range margins for some species, and the limited submontane forest bird community below the headquarters may affect climate-related community changes at higher elevations. Nonetheless, much of the historical data we analysed comes from after 1980, and upward range shifts above the headquarters should be little affected by these habitat changes.

The citizen science data we collected from Mt. Kinabalu varied in spatial coverage, methods, effort, and observer bias (Harris & Haskell, 2007; Boakes et al., 2010; Dickinson et al., 2010) that made it diffi cult to conduct standardised historical to current comparisons. We attempted to address these problems by: (1) restricting range estimates to areas that have received more research and birdwatching compared to the rest of the park; (2) consulting experts on Bornean birds to remove suspect records; and (3) contacting birdwatchers, scientists, and bird tour companies to verify time, place, and identifi cation details for many records.

Given the usually strong relationships between climate and species distributions (e.g., Bush et al., 2004), and the results of similar studies (for examples, see Pearson et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2011), we hypothesized that: (1) warming temperatures have caused elevational increases in some resident birds on Mt. Kinabalu, and (2) declines in forest bird species would be apparent, likely as a result of habitat loss outside the park. We examined these possibilities with diverse data sources and report the results here.

METHODS

Data sources. — We compared “historical” distribution data collected prior to 1998 (a few records came from as far back as the late 1800s) to “current” data from 2007–2011. We also reviewed intermediate information from 1998–2006, and present these data in Appendix 2 to promote further study, but we did not use these years in the elevational comparisons to allow a 10-year gap. Elevational range shifts from climate change were found after 10 years in a previous study on reptiles and amphibians (Raxworthy et al., 2008), and the marked temperature increase shown during this interval (0.48°C; Chen et al., 2009) indicated that shifts would likely be observed. Tropical birds have also been shown to shift their ranges in response to small temperature changes (Pounds et al., 2005; Forero-Medina et al., 2011). Data came from published checklists, recent fi eld work, peer-reviewed literature, unpublished reports, birdwatchers’ trip reports, audio recording databases (Xeno Canto, www.xeno-canto.org; AVoCet, http://avocet.zoology.msu.edu), Oriental Bird Images (OBI; a photographic database, http://orientalbirdimages.org), Global Biodiversity Information Facility specimen records (GBIF; http://data.gbif.org), and two online databases of georeferenced occurrence data, mostly from birdwatchers’ observations: eBird/Avian Knowledge Network (AKN;

http://www.avianknowledge.net) and Bird I Witness (BIW; www.worldbirds.org/malaysia). Mt. Kinabalu is one of Asia’s most frequently visited birdwatching sites, and there are many trip reports available from the region. We collected trip reports from independent birdwatchers (on Surfbirds [http://www.surfbirds.com], Birdtours [http://www.birdtours.co.uk], and World Twitch [http://www.worldtwitch.com]), and professionally-led bird tours (from Victor Emanuel Nature Tours, Birdtour Asia, Tropical Birding, Bird Quest, and Rockjumper Birding Tours). We contacted the aforementioned tour companies as well as WINGS, Field Guides, and King Bird tours to ask for historical trip reports but none were available. In all, we obtained 52 reports covering the historical and current time frames from these bird-watching sources.

Historical (pre-1998) data. — The main historical data sources are two published checklists of the birds of the Kinabalu region (Jenkins & de Silva, 1978; Jenkins et al., 1996). The checklists combined data from specimens, the literature, unpublished scientifi c reports, and sight records to produce species accounts and elevational ranges (see Sheldon et al. [2001] for details on areas covered by historical expeditions including a fi gure showing collecting localities). Jenkins and de Silva (1978) and Jenkins et al. (1996) focused on bird records from (1) Kinabalu Park headquarters (c. 1575 m) up to the summit (4095 m) along the power station road and the summit trail, and (2) Poring Hot Springs (c. 500 m, but many historical Poring records did not have elevations specifi ed) (Fig. 1). The checklists also include records from other areas on the mountain, particularly from older specimens. Overall, Jenkins et al. (1996) made minor edits to the 1978 checklist, making it diffi cult to fi nd range changes between the two lists. We therefore included the additions by Jenkins et al. (1996) and treated the checklists as a single data source.

Data from the study of elevational distributions of birds on Mt. Kinabalu by Biun (1999) provided a substantial supplement to the checklists. Biun (1999) surveyed birds in 1996 and 1997 at fi ve sites (primary forest at Poring, 700 m; park headquarters, 1600 m; Kemburongoh, 2100 m; Layang-Layang, 2600 m; and Paka cave, 3100 m) during six sampling periods (Jun, Sep, and Dec in 1996; Apr, Jun, and Oct in 1997). He spent four days at each site during each sampling period, amounting to 120 days of sampling effort. He sampled birds with 30 12-m mist nets that were open day and night, and one hour of aural and visual observations along a 500 m transect at each site. This research would have served as an adequate benchmark for future comparisons, but the abundance data are no longer available.

Additional historical data came from the literature (Gore, 1968; Smythies, 1981, 1999; Sheldon & Francis, 1985; Sheldon et al., 2001; Mann, 2008), unpublished scientifi c reports (Sheldon, 1977; Phillips, 1986; Batchelor, 1991; Rahman et al., 1998), Xeno Canto (n = 1), AVoCet (n = 25), Oriental Bird Images (n = 3), Global Biodiversity Information Facility specimens (n = 88), Avian Knowledge Network observations (298 records total; P. Bono, 1997, Kinabalu Park; W. Nezadal, 1991, Poring c. 975 m; D.

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Roberson, 1988, Kinabalu Park and summit trail), Bird I Witness observations from park headquarters (n = 16), and birdwatchers’ trip reports (Wall & Yong, 1985; Johnstone, 1989; Vermuelen, 1996). In the Methods we use “n” to refer to the number of records coming from each data source; this differs from the sample sizes (number of range margins) used in the range comparisons.

Intermediate data (1998–2006). — Intermediate data came from the literature (Moyle, 2003), unpublished reports (Moyle & Sheldon, 2000; Sheldon et al., 2004), Xeno Canto (n = 52), AVoCet (n = 10), Oriental Bird Images (n = 189), Global Biodiversity Information Facility specimens (n = 208), Bird I Witness (53 total records from Mt. Kinabalu trails (Liwagu and Silau Silau), power station road, Kinabalu headquarters area, Poring (Langanan trail), and Mesilau headquarters and trail), Avian Knowledge Network observations (690 records total; C. Artuso, 2000, Poring c. 560 m; E. Barnes, 2005, Silau Silau trail c. 1570 m, and Poring c. 560 m; R. Carratello, 2003, Kinabalu Park; A. Lazere, 2005, Kinabalu Park; D. Roberson, 2003, Kinabalu Park) and trip reports (Benstead & Benstead, 2001; Addison, 2002; Clayton & Thomas, 2002; Rheindt, 2003; White & Clarke, 2003; Benstead,

Fig.1. Map of Kinabalu Park, Sabah (solid black line). Land cover from 2010 (Miettinen et al., 2011), JBCH’s point count locations, elevation contours (303 m intervals), roads, and points of interest including towns and collecting localites are shown. Timpohon gate is c. 50 m from the power station; the summit trail extends from the power station to the summit (shown by JBCH’s points).

2004; Gandy, 2004; Hall & Kroll, 2004; Ericsson, 2005; Hornbuckle, 2005; Babic & Babic, 2006).

Current (post-2006) data. — Substantial current data came from recent field work by JBCH, AJB, and JAE. From Mar–Apr.2010 JBCH conducted systematic point count and transect surveys on Mt. Kinabalu along the Liwagu and summit trails from 1450–4095 m, and at Poring along the waterfall trail from the headquarters car park up to Langanan waterfall (500–1000 m). The point counts were conducted for 10 minutes and covered a 50 m radius. They were separated by 250 horizontal meters along continuous elevational gradients on mountain trails (Ralph et al., 1995; Fig. 2; see Appendix 1 for coordinates of points, to enable re-sampling). Occurrence data were also collected along ‘transects’ in between the points to 50 m on either side of the trail. Systematic surveys were done in the morning from 0600–1030 hours, and sites were opportunistically re-surveyed in the afternoon. JBCH also revisited the points and transects at night to sample nocturnal birds, however, only every other point was surveyed because low bird abundance made point count detections uncommon. Transects were found to be more effective for sampling nocturnal birds on the mountain. As suggested by Ralph et al. (1995), estimates of the distance of singing birds from the point were made more accurate by conducting trials with audio playback and a measuring tape. A Nikon Forestry 550 laser range fi nder was used to verify visual distance estimates.

AJB documented elevational distributions of birds on Mt. Kinabalu as part of TEM’s long-term nest-searching and mist-netting project at the site. The data presented here are a combination of AJB’s observations, GPS points taken at nests located by TEM and his fi eld crew, and mist-net captures by his team. Mist-netting was conducted every day from 0700–1300 hours with 12 9-m mist-nets set up in consistent locations within banding plots, which were distributed evenly across the study area. Nests were found using both parental behaviour and systematic search techniques (Martin & Geupel, 1993). AJB spent a total of 12 months over three years (from Feb–Jun, in 2009–2011) at the site. The majority of AJB’s records come from forest between the junction of the Liwagu and Silau-Silau rivers up to Timpohon gate, on both sides of the power station road (1450–1900 m). Additional AJB observations come from Poring (10 fi eld days), the Mt. Tambuyukon summit trail above Kampung Monggis (3 fi eld days), and Kundasang (Fig. 1).

JAE has visited Mt. Kinabalu on 18 occasions, totaling c. 90 days from 2002–2010, specifi cally for birdwatching, both privately and leading birdwatchers for Birdtour Asia, covering all months except Dec–Mar and Sep. On each visit JAE spent at least one day at Poring (each time walking on the Langanan trail to at least km 3.1 (c. 975 m), and all the way to Langanan Waterfall on fi ve occasions), one morning or afternoon at Mesilau (c. 1940 m), and two days walking from Timpohon gate to the summit and back. The majority of the time spent within Kinabalu Park was between the headquarters and Timpohon Gate, birdwatching along trails, particularly Bukit Ular and Mempening, with occasional visits to Silau-Silau and along the road.

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Fig. 2. Plot of elevational coverage of point counts done by JBCH in 2010 at Poring (lower 12 points) and from near park headquarters to the summit (upper points).

Additional current data came from the literature (Mann, 2008; Sheldon et al., 2009), unpublished reports (Sheldon & Moyle, 2008), Xeno Canto (n = 152), AVoCet (n = 120), Oriental Bird Images (n = 307), Global Biodiversity Information Facility specimens (n = 32), Avian Knowledge Network (860 total records; J. Sevenair, 2010, Kinabalu Park; J. Watson, 2010, Poring c. 500 m and Kinabalu Park; S. Brown, 2011, Kinabalu Park, Poring c. 560 m, and Mesilau c. 2000 m; L. Harding, 2011, Poring c. 560 m, summit trail, and Mesilau c. 1930 m; J. Harrison, 2011, Kinabalu Park; R. Merrill, 2011, Kinabalu Park), Bird I Witness (1081 total records from Mt. Kinabalu trails [Bukit Ular, Liwagu, Mempening, Silau Silau, Kiau View], power station road, Kinabalu headquarters area, Poring [Langanan trail, canopy walkway], and Mesilau headquarters), and trip reports (Banwell, 2007; Low, 2007; Newnham, 2007; Shackelford, 2007; Woods, 2007, 2008; Dobbs, 2008; Harrap, 2008, 2010, 2011; Matheve, 2008; Valentine, 2008; Valentine & Thurmilangan, 2008a, 2008b; Barnes, 2009; Chafer, 2009; Eaton, 2009, 2010a, 2010b; Gear, 2009; Hutchinson, 2009, 2011; Roadhouse, 2009; Gurney, 2010; Lambert & Yong, 2010; Myers, 2011). Lastly, AB has worked at Kinabalu Park for the last 34 years and has collected supplemental data on the park’s avifauna.

Data accuracy and comparing ranges. — Records from the different data sources varied in certainty in identifi cations and spatial accuracy. They were carefully reviewed by two experts on Bornean birds (FHS and JAE) and questionable identifi cations were removed or considered hypothetical. To maximise spatial accuracy, we took the conservative approach of assigning approximate elevations only if a location could be suffi ciently narrowed to a small elevational range. For example, we did not assign elevations to records from “Poring” because most observers cover elevations from 500–1000 m in a single visit. We considered Avian Knowledge Network records from “Kinabalu Park, 1845 m” to be located somewhere between park headquarters and Timpohon gate, and we did not assign an elevation. We conservatively considered Avian Knowledge Network records from “greater than 2000 m on the summit trail” to be from 2050 m (in many cases we contacted the observer

to verify the locality). In total, we contacted 25 observers to clarify identifi cations and details on the place and time where sightings were made. We consider mist net records to be the most reliable, followed by published observations, and fi nally birdwatchers’ trip reports.

We attempted to standardise datasets by compiling elevational range information only from records in the two focal regions of the checklists (Jenkins & de Silva, 1978; Jenkins et al., 1996) and JBCH’s sample sites (see above). We decided a priori that it would not be appropriate to compare means of the lower and upper margins because of differences in sampling effort over time. Several lines of evidence indicate that historical sampling was more complete than recent sampling: (1) the historical dataset incorporated a much longer time period with a legacy of much ornithological research (Sheldon et al., 2001); (2) the historical data produced range margin information for more species than the current data, even though more species are now known from the mountain; and (3) the distance between the mean range margins across all comparable species is larger in the historical data (see Results). Historical sampling was most comprehensive from near park headquarters (c. 1450 m) to the summit, and recent sampling was most complete from park headquarters to Timpohon gate (1900 m). Given the overlap in sampling effort, we looked for upward and downward shifts from park headquarters to Timpohon gate. We also checked for range expansions above Timpohon gate (upward shifts) because these elevations were well surveyed historically and any expansions would likely refl ect a genuine shift. Possible downslope shifts above Timpohon gate were marked in Appendix 2, but we found these changes much less reliable because apparent range contractions above Timpohon gate could easily result from incomplete recent sampling at high elevations. Range changes of ≥100 m were considered to be outside the range of measurement error and marked as upward or downward shifts in Appendix 2. We also compared historical and current elevational ranges for each species to Borneo-wide ranges from Mann (2008) to weigh the evidence for a substantial shift. In some cases, maximum elevations of the study by Mann (2008) disagreed with those of Sheldon et al. (2001), and we checked the original specimen data to fi nd the Bornean maximum.

We also considered making range comparisons based on individual components of the dataset (e.g., JBCH data vs. Biun [1999]), but found such secondary comparisons to be poorly justifi ed, given that our dataset is collated from multiple contributing sources with varying spatial and temporal coverage, and any one data source produces incomplete ranges for species. Instead, we plotted contributions of records from each data source to check for disproportionate effects from single data sources.

To organise species, we followed the classifi cation of the International Ornithologists’ Union (Gill & Donsker, 2011), except when published phylogenies indicated otherwise, e.g., for Bornean forktail Enicurus borneensis (Moyle et al., 2005) and Bornean spiderhunter Arachnothera everetti (Moyle et al., 2011).

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RESULTS

The historical data produced a list of 317 species for Mt. Kinabalu from the period prior to 1998. The current list comprises 342 species (51% of Borneo’s total; Phillips & Phillips, 2011), including 42 endemics (82% of the total for Borneo; Phillips & Phillips, 2011), 39 non-breeding species, and seven hypothetical species (Appendix 2). Despite the increase in species, the current data provided less comprehensive overall coverage of species’ ranges than the historical data: we were able to compile 229 lower and 239 upper margins from the historical data, compared to 218 lower and 200 upper margins from the current data. 170 species had historical and current data for the lower range margin, while 161 had historical and current data for the upper margin. The mean elevational ranges of comparable species (those with both historical and current data) were 601.2 m ± 19.9 SE to 1565.7 m ± 66.5 (historical lower and upper margins) versus 742.2 m ± 29.2 to 1314.9 m ± 56.4 (current lower and upper margins). The broader elevational band in the range means indicates historical sampling was more extensive than current sampling.

The checklists and Biun (1999) were the most important historical data sources, collectively contributing information on 75% of the species in the historical list, whereas birdwatchers’ trip reports, JBCH’s data, and unpublished reports were the most important intermediate and current data sources, contributing information on 63% of the species in the current list. Species that shifted their ranges (Table 1) generally were recorded in proportion to all species, except that AJB’s data were especially important for detecting upward shifts, and JAE’s data detected many downward shifts (Fig. 3). The trip reports contributed information on nearly 25% of the species but were less important for identifying shifts in elevations in our study because many records had inadequate spatial resolution.

Fifty-eight species had suffi cient data from park headquarters to the summit (or from headquarters to Timpohon gate, for prospective downward shifting species; see Methods) to enable current-historical comparisons. Of these, 38 appear to have shifted their ranges; 23 may have shifted their upper margin upslope, 14 their upper margin downslope, and one its lower margin upslope (Table 1). An additional 35 species appeared to have moved downwards (Appendix 2), but these changes occurred above Timpohon gate, where many apparent downshifts likely resulted from incomplete current sampling. Birds showing possible upward shifts included six species that appeared to expand their ranges above Timpohon gate, three of which moved ≥100 m above their published Bornean maximum elevation (Mann, 2008). The period between sightings was at least 12 years for all species that shifted their ranges (Table 1). There were no clear taxonomic patterns in species that appeared to shift elevations, although two woodpeckers (checker-throated woodpecker Chrysophlegma mentale and orange-backed woodpecker Reinwardtipicus validus), two cisticolids (yellow-bellied prinia Prinia fl aviventris and ashy tailorbird Orthotomus rufi ceps) and three spiderhunters (Arachnothera) shifted

Fig. 3. Contribution of various data sources to (a) historic and (b) current + intermediate species accounts (Appendix 2) for bird species in the Mt. Kinabalu region. Data source contributions are shown for all species and species exhibiting possible upward or downward range shifts. For example, in the historical data, checklists contributed information to ranges of 55% percent of the species known from Mt. Kinabalu, while checklists contributed data to ranges for 47 and 45% of the species that showed upward or downward shifts, respectively. See Table 1 for a list of species that apparently shifted their ranges. Trip report refers to birdwatchers’ trip reports; AKN to Avian Knowledge Network; GBIF to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility; JBCH, AJB, JAE, and AB to data from the authors; OBI to Oriental Bird Images.

upwards, and two bulbuls (ochraceous bulbul Alophoixus ochraceus, and yellow-vented bulbul Pycnonotus goiavier) shifted downwards.

Eight species in Table 1 and 25 other species, including seven migratory birds, have been observed above their published Bornean ranges since 1995 (Table 2). No species showed

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1900

* be

fore

197

8 to

up

to

at l

east

159

0 m

m

ultip

le r

ecen

t m

ist-

net

capt

ures

fro

m

2009

1450

–185

0 m

; re

cent

sig

htin

g at

190

0 m

Che

stnu

t-br

east

ed M

alko

ha

Pha

enic

opha

eus

303

1061

53

9 16

00*

1962

to

2010

to

122

0 m

tw

o re

cent

sig

htin

gs f

rom

c. 1

500

m, o

ne

cu

rvir

ostr

is

sigh

ting

at 1

600

mD

ark

Haw

k C

ucko

o H

iero

cocc

yx b

ocki

90

9 18

35

1509

20

23*

1957

to

2010

to

198

5 m

re

cent

ly h

eard

up

to 2

023

mC

olla

red

Ow

let

Gla

ucid

ium

bro

diei

15

15

1600

14

50

1900

* 19

96/1

997

to

153

0 m

on

rece

nt s

ight

ings

up

to 1

900

m

to

200

9/20

10

Mt.

Kin

abal

u, t

o 21

00 m

on

Mt.

Tru

s M

adi

Bor

nean

Fro

gmou

th

Bat

rach

osto

mus

mix

tus

700

2540

15

75

1850

**

befo

re 1

998

to

254

0 m

in

cons

picu

ous;

no

rece

nt s

ight

ings

abo

ve

to 2

011

c.

185

0 m

Ruf

ous-

colla

red

Kin

gfi s

her

Act

enoi

des

conc

retu

s 50

0 16

67

530

750*

* be

fore

196

8 to

168

0 m

no

rec

ent

sigh

tings

abo

ve 7

50 m

to

201

1R

hino

cero

s H

ornb

ill

Buc

eros

rhi

noce

ros

1061

17

58

645

950*

* be

fore

197

8 to

175

0 m

in

Saba

h no

rec

ent

sigh

tings

abo

ve 9

50 m

to

200

8 (S

held

on e

t al

., 20

01)

Bor

nean

Bar

bet

Meg

alai

ma

exim

ia

560

2121

60

0 18

00**

be

fore

197

8 to

214

0 m

no

rec

ent

sigh

tings

abo

ve 1

800

m

to 2

011

Che

cker

-thr

oate

d W

oodp

ecke

r C

hrys

ophl

egm

a m

enta

le

545

1667

60

0 19

00*

befo

re 1

940

to

at

leas

t 18

35 m

, re

cent

sig

htin

gs u

p to

190

0 m

to 2

009/

2010

pe

rhap

s to

216

0 m

on M

t. T

rus

Mad

iO

rang

e-ba

cked

Woo

dpec

ker

Rei

nwar

dtip

icus

val

idus

1561

81

8 19

00*

1986

to

to

198

5 m

on

rece

nt s

ight

ings

up

to 1

900

m

20

09/2

010

Mt.

Mur

ud, S

araw

akR

ufou

s W

oodp

ecke

r M

icro

pter

nus

brac

hyur

us

700

1600

50

0 60

0**

1996

/199

7 to

181

8 m

(G

ore,

196

8)

no r

ecen

t si

ghtin

gs a

bove

600

m

to 2

010

Whi

tehe

ad’s

Bro

adbi

ll C

alyp

tom

ena

whi

tehe

adi

700

1667

70

0 19

00*

befo

re 1

978

to

185

0 m

on

rece

nt s

ight

ings

up

to 1

900

m

to

200

9/20

10

Mt.

Tru

s M

adi,

to 1

700

m

on

Mt.

Kin

abal

uB

lack

-and

-Yel

low

Bro

adbi

ll E

uryl

aim

us o

chro

mal

us

303

700

530

1547

* 19

96/1

997

to a

t le

ast

1800

m

rece

ntly

hea

rd a

t 15

47 m

to

201

0W

hite

-bel

lied

Erp

orni

s E

rpor

nis

zant

hole

uca

700

1515

51

6 18

00*

befo

re 1

978

to

ove

r 17

50 m

re

cent

sig

htin

gs u

p to

at

leas

t 18

00 m

to 2

009/

2010

Bla

ck-a

nd-c

rim

son

Ori

ole

Ori

olus

cru

entu

s 70

0 16

00

900

1900

* 19

96/1

997

to 2

300

m o

n

rece

nt s

ight

ings

up

to a

t le

ast

1900

m

to

200

9/20

10

Mt.

Tru

s M

adi

Whi

te-t

hroa

ted

Fant

ail

Rhi

pidu

ra a

lbic

ollis

80

0 31

00

975

3290

* 19

96/1

997

to

275

0 m

re

cent

sig

htin

gs u

p to

329

0 m

to 2

010

196

Harris et al.: Altitudinal range shifts of Bornean birdsTa

ble

1. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e Sc

ient

ifi c

nam

e Pa

st

Past

C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

T

ime

peri

od

Upp

er m

argi

n fr

om

Not

es

lo

wer

up

per

lo

wer

up

per

betw

een

Man

n (2

008)

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n si

ghtin

gs (

for

(m)

(m)

(m

) (m

) sh

iftin

g m

argi

n)

Gre

y-he

aded

C

ulic

icap

a ce

ylon

ensi

s 90

9 16

67

700

1533

**

befo

re 1

978

to

170

0 no

rec

ent

sigh

tings

abo

ve 1

533

mC

anar

y-fl y

catc

her

to

201

0Fl

aves

cent

Bul

bul

Pyc

nono

tus fl a

vesc

ens

1575

34

85

1900

* 32

94

befo

re 1

978

to

397

0 m

no

rec

ent

reco

rds

belo

w 1

900

m

to

200

9/20

10Y

ello

w-v

ente

d B

ulbu

l P

ycno

notu

s go

iavi

er

500

1575

50

0 56

0**

1970

to

2010

to

159

0 m

op

en c

ount

ry s

peci

es;

no r

ecen

t si

ghtin

gs

ab

ove

560

mO

chra

ceou

s B

ulbu

l A

loph

oixu

s oc

hrac

eus

700

2636

14

52

1780

**

1970

to

2010

to

265

0 m

no

rec

ent

reco

rds

abov

e 17

80 m

bel

ow

T

impo

hon

gate

, but

rec

ent

reco

rds

at

Mes

ilau

(c. 1

940–

2000

m)

Gre

y-ch

eeke

d B

ulbu

l A

loph

oixu

s br

es

500

1485

50

0 92

7**

befo

re 1

927

to

150

0 m

no

rec

ent

reco

rds

abov

e 92

7 m

to 2

010

Yel

low

-bel

lied

War

bler

A

bros

copu

s su

perc

iliar

is

909

1818

53

0 15

75**

be

fore

199

6

to

200

8 to

153

0 m

no

rec

ent

reco

rds

abov

e c.

157

5 m

Mou

ntai

n L

eaf

War

bler

P

hyllo

scop

us t

rivi

rgat

us

1515

31

00

1450

32

21*

1929

to

2010

to

310

0 m

re

cent

sig

htin

gs u

p to

322

1 m

(Sm

ythi

es, 1

960;

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

001)

Y

ello

w-b

ellie

d Pr

inia

P

rini

a fl a

vive

ntri

s

1091

1500

* be

fore

196

8

to 1

530

m

open

cou

ntry

spe

cies

; re

cent

sig

htin

gs u

p

to

201

0

to 1

500

mA

shy

Tailo

rbir

d O

rtho

tom

us r

ufi c

eps

303

975

500

1500

* 19

91 t

o 20

07

to o

ver

1500

m

rece

nt s

ight

ings

up

to 1

500

mC

hest

nut-

back

ed

Pom

ator

hinu

s m

onta

nus

455

1667

53

0 18

50*

befo

re 1

960

to 1

700

m (

Kin

abal

u),

rece

nt r

ecor

d at

185

0 m

Scim

itar

Bab

bler

to 2

011

to 2

200

m (

Tru

s M

adi)

B

row

n Fu

lvet

ta

Alc

ippe

bru

nnei

caud

a 50

0 15

00

500

950*

* 19

85 t

o 20

09

to 1

432

m

no r

ecen

t re

cord

s ab

ove

950

mTe

mm

inck

’s B

abbl

er

Pel

lorn

eum

pyr

roge

nys

500

1575

97

5 19

00*

befo

re 1

996

to

155

0 m

se

vera

l re

cent

sig

htin

gs u

p to

165

0 m

,

to

200

9/20

10

on

e br

eedi

ng p

air

at 1

860–

1900

mV

elve

t-fr

onte

d N

utha

tch

Sitta

fro

ntal

is

909

1970

15

00

1762

**

befo

re 1

996

to

abo

ut 2

100

m

no r

ecen

t re

cord

s ab

ove

1762

m i

n

to

201

0

head

quar

ters

are

a, b

ut s

een

at M

esila

u

(c

. 190

0 m

) in

200

8O

rang

e-he

aded

Thr

ush

Geo

kich

la c

itrin

a 90

9 18

00

1500

19

00*

1998

to

to 1

800

m

rece

nt b

reed

ing

reco

rds

up t

o 19

00 m

20

09/2

010

Ori

enta

l M

agpi

e-R

obin

C

opsy

chus

sau

lari

s 50

0 93

9 52

3 15

75*

befo

re 1

940

15

30 m

op

en c

ount

ry s

peci

es;

rece

nt s

ight

ings

up

to 2

005

to

157

5 m

Whi

te-t

aile

d Fl

ycat

cher

C

yorn

is c

oncr

etus

70

0 16

67

630

975*

* be

fore

197

8 to

168

0 m

, usu

ally

no

rec

ent

reco

rds

abov

e 97

5 m

, exc

ept

to 2

009

to 1

200

m

for

a re

cord

with

no

deta

ils f

rom

“K

inab

alu”

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

Bor

nean

Lea

fbir

d C

hlor

opsi

s ki

naba

luen

sis

600

2121

85

0 18

00**

be

fore

196

8 to

220

0 m

on

no r

ecen

t re

cord

s ab

ove

1800

m

to 2

009/

2010

M

t. T

rus

Mad

i, to

2140

m o

n M

t. K

inab

alu

Litt

le S

pide

rhun

ter

Ara

chno

ther

a lo

ngir

ostr

a 50

0 97

5 53

0 15

00*

1991

to

2010

to

at

leas

t 15

00 m

m

ist-

nette

d in

for

est

at 1

500

m i

n 20

10

and

2011

Bor

nean

Spi

derh

unte

r A

rach

noth

era

ever

etti

700

1515

53

0 21

00*

unsp

ecifi

ed

to 1

530

m

rece

ntly

mis

t-ne

tted

at 2

100

mW

hite

head

’s S

pide

rhun

ter

Ara

chno

ther

a ju

liae

1212

16

67

1450

20

00*

unsp

ecifi

ed

to 2

100

m o

n re

cent

sig

htin

gs u

p to

200

0 m

Mt.

Tru

s M

adi

1 P

erni

s pt

ilorh

ynch

us h

as r

esid

ent

and

mig

rato

ry p

opul

atio

ns

197

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012Ta

ble

2. B

irds

rec

orde

d in

the

Mt.

Kin

abal

u re

gion

abo

ve t

heir

Bor

nean

ele

vatio

nal

rang

e (M

ann,

200

8). E

nglis

h na

mes

of

mig

rato

ry s

peci

es a

re u

nder

lined

. Num

ber

is i

n bo

ld i

f th

e m

argi

n is

at

leas

t 10

0 m

hi

gher

tha

n th

e m

axim

um i

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

200

8) o

r un

derl

ined

if

mar

gina

lly h

ighe

r. Se

e A

ppen

dix

2 fo

r da

ta s

ourc

e fo

r ea

ch m

argi

n.

Eng

lish

nam

e Sc

ient

ifi c

nam

e Pa

st u

pper

mar

gin

Cur

rent

upp

er m

argi

n U

pper

mar

gin

from

Man

n (2

008)

N

otes

Red

-bre

aste

d Pa

rtri

dge

Arb

orop

hila

hyp

eryt

hra

3100

30

68

to 1

890

m o

n M

t. K

inab

alu,

to

2200

m

seen

at

3100

m i

n 19

96 (

Biu

n, 1

999)

and

rec

ent

on M

t. T

rus

Mad

i re

cord

s up

to

3068

m

Gre

y-fa

ced

Buz

zard

B

utas

tur

indi

cus

1600

16

50

to 1

500

m

sigh

ting

from

160

0 m

in

1996

(B

iun,

199

9) a

nd

at c

. 165

0 m

bel

ow M

esila

u in

201

0

Cre

sted

Haw

k-E

agle

N

isae

tus

cirr

hatu

s

1575

to

140

0 m

re

cent

rec

ords

up

to 1

575

m

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Wat

erhe

n A

mau

rorn

is p

hoen

icur

us

1515

to 1

530

m

two

rece

nt r

ecor

ds n

ear

Mes

ilau,

at

leas

t 19

00 m

Litt

le B

ronz

e C

ucko

o

Chr

ysoc

occy

x m

inut

illus

1575

C

. min

utill

us i

s sc

arce

, pos

sibl

y in

to

rece

nt s

ight

ing

at c

. 157

5m

mon

tane

are

as;

C. m

. rus

satu

s is

sca

rce,

up

to

945

m

Mou

ntai

n Sc

ops

Ow

l O

tus

spilo

ceph

alus

31

00

3036

to

270

5 m

R

ecen

t re

cord

s up

to

at l

east

303

6 m

. Thi

s sp

ecie

s

may

hav

e be

en o

verl

ooke

d. I

t w

as c

onsi

dere

d

“r

are”

and

“ra

rely

see

n” (

Jenk

ins

& d

e Si

lva,

197

8;

Jenk

ins

et a

l., 1

996,

res

pect

ivel

y) b

ut w

as

com

mon

ly h

eard

on

nigh

t su

rvey

s fr

om

1800

–280

0 m

in

2010

(JB

CH

).

Bro

wn

Woo

d O

wl

Stri

x le

ptog

ram

mic

a

1900

to

150

0 m

re

cent

sig

htin

gs f

rom

155

0–16

50 m

nea

r pa

rk

head

quar

ters

and

at

c. 1

900

m a

t M

esila

u

(Phi

llips

& P

hilli

ps, 2

011)

Gia

nt S

wif

tlet

Hyd

roch

ous

giga

s

1900

to

abo

ut 1

800

m

rece

nt s

ight

ings

fro

m 5

00–1

900

m

Mar

oon

Woo

dpec

ker

Bly

thip

icus

rub

igin

osus

21

00

1921

to

180

0 m

si

ght

reco

rds

at 2

100

m i

n 19

96/1

997

(B

iun,

199

9);

rece

ntly

see

n up

to

1921

m

Gre

y-ch

inne

d M

iniv

et

Per

icro

cotu

s so

lari

s 26

00

2456

to

244

0 m

m

any

obse

rved

at

2600

m i

n 19

96/1

997

(B

iun,

199

9)

Ash

y D

rong

o D

icru

rus

leuc

opha

eus

2600

20

52

to 2

200

m o

r po

ssib

ly 2

400

m

sigh

t re

cord

s up

to

2600

m i

n 19

96/1

997

(B

iun,

199

9)

Cro

w-b

illed

Dro

ngo

Dic

ruru

s an

nect

ans

1600

15

75

up t

o c.

600

m

seen

at

700

m, n

ette

d at

160

0 m

199

6/19

97

(B

iun,

199

9);

seen

at

park

hea

dqua

rter

s in

200

8

Hai

r-cr

este

d D

rong

o D

icru

rus

hotte

ntot

tus

2050

20

50

to 1

700

m

hist

oric

al a

nd r

ecen

t si

ghtin

gs u

p to

205

0 m

Gre

ater

Rac

ket-

taile

d D

icru

rus

para

dise

us

975

800

to 6

50 m

hi

stor

ical

sig

htin

gs u

p to

975

m, r

ecen

tD

rong

o

si

ghtin

gs t

o at

lea

st 8

00 m

Yel

low

-bro

wed

War

bler

P

hyllo

scop

us i

norn

atus

1900

T

he o

nly

prev

ious

rec

ord

was

fro

m

voca

l in

divi

dual

pho

togr

aphe

d at

190

0 m

,

se

a le

vel

in S

araw

ak

24 O

ct.2

008

Soot

y-ca

pped

Bab

bler

M

alac

opte

ron

affi n

e 70

0 75

0 to

550

m

sigh

t re

cord

s fr

om 7

00 m

in

1996

/199

7

(Biu

n, 1

999)

and

to

750

m i

n 20

11

Sibe

rian

Blu

e R

obin

Lu

scin

ia c

yane

70

0 18

50

to 1

680

m

rece

nt s

ight

ings

up

to 1

850

m

Ferr

ugin

ous

Flyc

atch

er

Mus

cica

pa f

erru

gine

a 15

00

1850

to

153

0 m

re

cent

sig

htng

s up

to

1850

m

Nar

ciss

us F

lyca

tche

r F

iced

ula

narc

issi

na

19

00

to 1

530

m

rece

nt s

ight

ings

up

to 1

900

m

Mug

imak

i Fl

ycat

cher

F

iced

ula

mug

imak

i 31

00

3270

to

232

5 m

re

cord

ed a

t 31

00 m

in

1996

, net

ted

at 3

270

m

in

200

5, s

een

at 3

255

m i

n 20

10

198

Harris et al.: Altitudinal range shifts of Bornean birdsTa

ble

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e Sc

ient

ifi c

nam

e Pa

st u

pper

mar

gin

Cur

rent

upp

er m

argi

n U

pper

mar

gin

from

Man

n (2

008)

N

otes

Thi

ck-b

illed

Flo

wer

peck

er

Dic

aeum

agi

le

56

0 be

low

200

m

rece

nt r

ecor

ds f

rom

500

and

560

m

Plai

n Su

nbir

d A

nthr

epte

s si

mpl

ex

56

0 to

122

0 m

ne

tted

at c

. 150

0 m

in

1999

(M

oyle

, 200

3)

Tem

min

ck’s

Sun

bird

A

etho

pyga

tem

min

ckii

2100

20

50

to 1

985

m

sigh

t re

cord

fro

m 2

100

m i

n 19

96/1

997

(B

iun,

199

9);

rece

nt s

ight

rec

ord

from

su

mm

it tr

ail,

at l

east

205

0 m

Eur

asia

n T

ree

Spar

row

P

asse

r m

onta

nus

19

40

to a

t le

ast

1400

m

rece

nt r

ecor

ds u

p to

155

0 m

nea

r pa

rk

he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd c

. 194

0 m

at

Mes

ilau

Gre

y W

agta

il M

otac

illa

cine

rea

3100

19

00

to a

bout

180

0 m

si

ght

reco

rds

at 3

100

m i

n 19

96/1

997

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Tabl

e 3.

Bir

ds s

how

ing

appa

rent

cha

nges

in

abun

danc

e fr

om p

rior

to

1998

to

afte

r 20

06 i

n th

e M

t. K

inab

alu

regi

on. S

ee A

ppen

dix

2 fo

r m

ore

info

rmat

ion

on e

ach

spec

ies.

Eng

lish

nam

e Sc

ient

ifi c

nam

e O

bser

vatio

ns

Litt

le G

reen

Pig

eon

Trer

on o

lax

reco

rded

at

Pori

ng, 5

00 m

in

1985

(Ph

illip

s, 1

986)

; no

rec

ent

reco

rds

Thi

ck-b

illed

Gre

en P

igeo

n Tr

eron

cur

viro

stra

co

nsid

ered

the

“co

mm

ones

t gr

een

pige

on a

t Po

ring

hot

spr

ings

” (J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

; a

dead

bir

d co

llect

ed a

t pa

rk

head

quar

ters

in

1988

(Je

nkin

s et

al.,

199

6);

no r

ecen

t re

cord

s

Bar

red

Eag

le-O

wl

Bub

o su

mat

ranu

s hi

stor

ical

rec

ords

inc

lude

an

old

spec

imen

with

no

loca

lity

data

, bei

ng h

eard

at

Pori

ng, c

. 600

m (

Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985)

, and

rec

orde

d

at

909

m;

no r

ecen

t re

cord

s

Bla

ck H

ornb

ill

Ant

hrac

ocer

os m

alay

anus

se

en a

t lo

wer

ele

vatio

ns o

f Po

ring

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5);

no r

ecen

t re

cord

s

Bla

ck-a

nd-R

ed B

road

bill

Cym

birh

ynch

us m

acro

rhyn

chos

w

as c

onsi

dere

d co

mm

on a

t Po

ring

(Je

nkin

s et

al.,

199

6); W

all

& Y

ong

(198

5) a

nd B

atch

elor

(19

91)

also

rec

orde

d th

e sp

ecie

s

at

Por

ing;

the

onl

y re

cent

rec

ord

is f

rom

Dob

bs (

2008

) at

the

Por

ing

hot

pool

s; s

eem

s to

no

long

er b

e co

mm

on

Lon

g-ta

iled

Bro

adbi

ll P

sari

som

us d

alho

usia

e m

ay h

ave

decl

ined

; be

fore

197

8, 1

4 sp

ecim

ens

wer

e ob

tain

ed f

rom

300

0–45

00 f

t (9

09–1

364

m),

and

the

spe

cies

was

rec

orde

d

up

to

1667

m;

the

only

rec

ent

reco

rd f

rom

the

hea

dqua

rter

s ar

ea i

s of

an

activ

e ne

st a

t 15

00 m

Ruf

ous-

win

ged

Phile

ntom

a P

hile

ntom

a py

rhop

tera

ne

tted

at P

orin

g in

197

1; n

o re

cent

rec

ords

Bar

-bel

lied

Cuc

koo-

shri

ke

Cor

acin

a st

riat

a si

ght

reco

rd f

rom

Por

ing

and

reco

rded

up

to 1

212

m o

n K

inab

alu

(Jen

kins

& d

e Si

lva,

197

8);

seen

at

cano

py w

alkw

ay, P

orin

g

(V

erm

eule

n, 1

996)

; no

rec

ent

reco

rds

Stra

w-h

eade

d B

ulbu

l P

ycno

notu

s ze

ylan

icus

se

vera

l hi

stor

ical

rec

ords

fro

m P

orin

g, i

nclu

ding

nin

e bi

rds

seen

by

Ver

mue

len

(199

6);

no r

ecor

ds a

fter

199

6, e

xcep

t a

rece

nt

sigh

ting

from

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs t

hat

may

hav

e be

en a

n es

cape

e (A

B)

Bor

nean

Bul

bul

Pyc

nono

tus

mon

tis

was

“fa

irly

com

mon

aro

und

3000

ft

(909

m)”

(Je

nkin

s &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

and

rec

orde

d at

Bun

du T

uhan

(B

atch

elor

, 199

1)

and

Pori

ng, 7

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

also

Say

ap, c

. 100

0 m

(M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; no

rec

ent

reco

rds

Cin

ereo

us B

ulbu

l H

emix

os c

iner

eus

w

as c

omm

on f

rom

300

0–60

00 f

t (9

09–1

818

m)

on K

inab

alu”

(Je

nkin

s et

al.,

199

6) a

nd r

ecor

ded

up t

o 27

27 m

(B

atch

elor

, 199

1);

now

con

side

red

rare

fro

m 1

450–

1950

m (

AJB

)

Bla

ck-t

hroa

ted

Bab

bler

St

achy

ris

nigr

icol

lis

seen

at

Pori

ng, c

. 500

m i

n 19

89 (

Bat

chel

or, 1

991)

; no

rec

ords

sin

ce

Bla

ck-t

hroa

ted

Wre

n B

abbl

er

Nap

othe

ra a

trig

ular

is

nette

d at

Por

ing,

700

m i

n 19

96/1

997

(Biu

n, 1

999)

; no

rec

ords

sin

ce

Mal

aysi

an B

lue

Flyc

atch

er

Cyo

rnis

tur

cosu

s ne

tted

at P

orin

g, c

. 545

m (

Shel

don,

197

7);

also

rec

orde

d fr

om R

anau

(Je

nkin

s &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

; no

rec

ords

sin

ce

Van

Has

selt’

s Su

nbir

d Le

ptoc

oma

bras

ilian

a co

llect

ed a

t Po

ring

in

1977

(Je

nkin

s &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

; no

rec

ent

reco

rds

199


downward shifts ≥ 100 m below their published minimum, but mountain barbet Megalaima monticola was recorded at 700 m in 1996, which is marginally lower than its 750 m minimum (Mann, 2008). Fifteen species showed apparent decreases in abundance (Table 3).

DISCUSSION

In comparing species occurrence before 1998 and after 2006 on Mt. Kinabalu, we found evidence for upward shifts in 24 species and downward shifts in 14 species. Eight of the upward-shifting species were observed at least 100 m above their published maximum Bornean elevation (Mann, 2008), which suggests the observed shifts correspond to genuine range changes. Some species appear to be colonising higher elevations. Common emerald dove Chalcophaps indica was known previously to reach only 1590 m in Borneo, but AJB observed this species near the power station (1900 m) on numerous occasions from 2009–2011, and it was commonly recorded in 2011 from 1450–1850 m. Temminck’s babbler Pellorneum pyrrogenys was formerly known only to range from 500–1575 m in Borneo, but now, on Mt. Kinabalu, it ranges from 975–1900 m, is fairly common from 1450–1650 m, rare to c. 1900 m, and has nested at 1860–1900 m (AJB; Appendix 2). Other species have evidently increased in elevation above their previous maxima, including chestnut-breasted malkoha Phaenicophaeus curvirostris (seen three times at 1500–1600 m), white-throated fantail Rhipidura albicollis (recent sightings up to 3300 m), mountain leaf warbler Phylloscopus trivirgatus (recent sightings up to 3221 m), and Bornean spiderhunter Arachnothera everetti (one mist-netted at 2100 m). Of the 25 additional species that were recorded above their Bornean maximum (Table 2), clear candidates for upward shifts include crested hawk-eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus and little bronze cuckoo Chrysococcyx minutillus.

Previous studies from tropical mountains have documented smaller shifts than predicted by the adiabatic lapse rate for most species (Raxworthy et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2009; Forero-Medina et al., 2011). All apparent shifts we documented occurred over at least a 12 year span. Thus it is unsurprising that changes may have exceeded the 1997–2007 lapse rate prediction of 87 m upwards from +0.48°C. Given the spatial and temporal uncertainties from our various data sources, it is diffi cult to compare observed changes to predicted shifts based on the lapse rate. The widespread upward shifts, showing no clear signal of taxonomic or dietary bias, agree with results of other climate change studies from Southeast Asia (Peh, 2007; Chen et al., 2009, 2011), and other regions (Pounds et al., 1999, 2005; Seimon et al., 2007; Raxworthy et al., 2008; Forero-Medina et al., 2011).

While some species may have moved upward as a consequence of climate change, other range changes can probably be explained by other factors. Three species, Oriental magpie robin Copsychus saularis, yellow-bellied prinia Prinia fl aviventris, and Eurasian tree sparrow Passer montanus, are open country birds that likely expanded their

ranges along roads as a result of habitat clearance in the region. Six species were migrants which may be less sensitive to warming, and yellow-browed warbler Phylloscopus inornatus is a vagrant with only two records for Borneo. Others, including brown wood owl Strix leptogrammica, Bornean frogmouth Batrachostomus poliolophus, giant swiftlet Hydrochous gigas, and orange-headed thrush Geokichla citrina are inconspicuous, rare, or diffi cult to identify, all of which make an accurate assessment of their ranges diffi cult or unreliable.

Our results also indicate that some species may have moved downslope since the 1990s. Perhaps the most convincing downslope shifts were shown in the upper range margins of two species, Bornean leafbird Chloropsis kinabaluensis (formerly seen up to 2650 m, but no recent records above 1800 m) and yellow-bellied warbler Abroscopus superciliaris (formerly up to 1818 m, no recent records above 1575 m). We fi nd these apparent changes convincing because these species are conspicuous and they have not been recorded recently in well sampled areas between park headquarters and Timpohon gate or at Mesilau. The infl uence of biotic and abiotic factors on lower and upper range margins are a subject of active debate (Lenoir et al., 2010; Gifford & Kozak, 2011), and detailed studies of downward shifting species are urgently needed. It would be interesting to investigate the incidence of downward range shifts as a function of species traits such as elevational range, presence of competitors, and tolerance to habitat disturbance. For example, range changes in Chloropsis kinabaluensis could be compared in Kalimantan where a lowland competitor (C. cochinchinensis) is present, and in Sabah where the competitor is absent, but C. kinabaluensis appears to be shifting its upper range margin downwards. It is unclear if changes in competitive interactions were related to downward shifts shown in the present study, but upward shifts in generalist species such as little spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra (Table 1) could drive changes.

We suspect that many of the other possible downward shifts are due to past records of post-breeding dispersing birds (e.g., brown fulvetta Alcippe brunneicauda) or localised changes in abundance below Timpohon gate and incomplete sampling above the gate (e.g., ochraceous bulbul Alophoixus ochraceus and velvet-fronted nuthatch Sitta frontalis, both of which have been recently observed above 1900 m at Mesilau). In addition, it is possible that human disturbance (from increased numbers of hikers on the summit trail) could have contributed to reduced bird detection. Nevertheless, we think it is unlikely that disturbance from hikers could explain the lack of records for conspicuous species such as Bornean leafbird, and many months of current observations (from AJB and TEM) come from lightly used trails in between park headquarters and Timpohon gate.

Our historical-current data comparison also uncovered an apparent reduction in abundance of 15 species. This reduction may be explained by habitat loss, hunting, the pet trade, climate change, or incomplete sampling. Most of the observed declines are probably related to habitat loss at lower

200


elevations in Kinabalu Park near Poring, and deforestation on the Pinosuk Plateau. All lowland species in Table 3 except straw-headed bulbul Pycnonotus zeylanicus and Van Hasselt’s sunbird Leptocoma brasiliana are either known to be or thought to be negatively-affected by forest fragmentation or logging (Lambert & Collar, 2002; Edwards et al., 2011). The apparent declines of these species could have been caused by relatively recent disturbances, or delayed extinction debt from earlier habitat loss (Kuussaari et al., 2009). Hunting, especially of large bodied species such as black hornbill Anthracoceros malayanus and Treron pigeons could have also contributed to declines. The cage bird trade is likely to blame for the dramatic decline in straw-headed bulbul Pycnonotus zeylanicus at Poring and elsewhere in Borneo (Sheldon et al., 2009). Incomplete sampling at Poring may also be a factor, but all species in Table 3 are reasonably conspicuous, with the possible exceptions of barred eagle-owl Bubo sumatranus and black-throated wren babbler Napothera atrigularis. At higher elevations, observations of long-tailed broadbill Psarisomus dalhousiae and cinereous bulbul Hemixos cinereus from park headquarters upwards may have become less frequent because of population reductions caused by deforestation on the Pinosuk plateau in the early 1980s (Sheldon, 1986).

Our results indicate that citizen science data (including birdwatchers’ trip reports and databases of audio, photographic, and birdwatchers’ records) are invaluable resources for comparing bird distributions, but these data tend to lack adequate spatial or temporal details. We reiterate the call by Boakes et al. (2010) for birdwatchers “who intend their observations to be of practical use to others to carry a GPS”.

The apparent range shifts documented here could help guide future research investigating changes in distribution and abundance of lowland colonists and highland endemics driven by climate change (reviewed in Harris et al., 2011). For example, it would be interesting to use playback experiments to study interactions among the three Arachnothera spiderhunters that now all occur at middle elevations on Mt. Kinabalu, and evaluate how interactions change with increasing elevation. In a similar situation, Jankowski et al. (2010) used playback experiments to discover that the higher elevation thrush Catharus fuscater was subordinate to the lower elevation C. mexicanus, which could have implications for the persistence of C. fuscater under climate change. dark hawk cuckoo Hierococcyx bocki is a nest parasite of chestnut-capped laughingthrush Garrulax mitratus in Peninsular Malaysia and a probable nest parasite of mountain leaf warblers on Mt. Kinabalu (Smythies, 1999). The apparent upward expansion of dark hawk cuckoo and its possible effects on Mt. Kinabalu’s high elevation avifauna (assuming fl exible host preferences) would make for an interesting research topic. Lastly, our results, when used in future studies, should help validate and improve models that forecast avian distributional changes and extinction risk from climate change (Shoo et al., 2005; Gasner et al., 2010).

In conclusion, we demonstrate a novel method for compiling avian occurrence data from diverse sources and attempting to account for varying temporal and spatial coverage and accuracy. Twenty-four species, eight of which were recorded above their published Bornean ranges, appear to have shifted their distributions upward. In addition, 14 species may have moved their ranges downslope and 15 species may have declined in abundance. The ecological consequences of these shifts are still largely unknown and we hope our fi ndings will be continually refi ned and stimulate further research on the mountain’s avifauna.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are grateful to the many birdwatchers who posted their observations on the internet. B. Brook, D. Fordham, and N. Sodhi provided valuable advice. D. Bakewell, G. Dobbs, D. Edwards, P. Ericsson, M. Gurney, J. Harding, L. Harding, R. Johnstone, C. Lee, A. Pierce, P. Rasmussen, F. Rheindt, U. Treesucon, S. Woods, F. Verbelen, and BIW and OBI staff generously provided details on observations or provided unpublished data. Victor Emanuel Nature Tours, Birdtour Asia, Tropical Birding, Bird Quest, Rockjumper Birding Tours, WINGS, Field Guides, and King Bird Tours all responded to requests for historical data. JBCH thanks B. Butit for valuable assistance in the fi eld, the Loke Wan Tho Memorial Foundation and University of Adelaide EIPRS for funding, J. George, M. Lakim, A. Lo, D. Simon, and F. Tuh for logistical support, and the Economic Planning Unit (UPE: 40/200/19/2436) and Sabah Parks for graciously issuing permits. Three anonymous reviewers gave valuable comments for the manuscript.

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204


Appendix 1. Location and elevation of JBCH’s point counts. Note that the point ID numbers shown in Fig. 2 were for display purposes only.

Point ID Elevation (m) Coordinates

K 42 516 6.04826°N, 116.70244°E K 41 523 6.0462°N, 116.70332°E K 43 540 6.0504°N, 116.70179°E K 44 614 6.05208°N, 116.70027°E K 45 700 6.05322°N, 116.69832°E K 46 748 6.05553°N, 116.69812°E K 47 808 6.05687°N, 116.69636°E K 48 893 6.05883°N, 116.69525°E K 50 920 6.06189°N, 116.69195°E K 49 927 6.06031°N, 116.69357°E K 51 961 6.0625°N, 116.68982°E K 52 1003 6.06355°N, 116.68782°E K 1 1465 6.00705°N, 116.5495°E K 2 1504 6.00859°N, 116.54781°E K 3 1509 6.01056°N, 116.54663°E K 4 1531 6.01096°N, 116.54433°E K 5 1547 6.01318°N, 116.54479°E K 6 1564 6.01489°N, 116.54639°E K 7 1594 6.01711°N, 116.54631°E K 8 1620 6.01879°N, 116.54779°E K 9 1648 6.02109°N, 116.54813°E K 10 1688 6.02301°N, 116.54936°E K 12 1779 6.02742°N, 116.54959°E K 11 1780 6.02519°N, 116.54997°E K 13 1789 6.0294°N, 116.5486°E K 14 1859 6.03108°N, 116.54717°E K 15 1921 6.03065°N, 116.54941°E K 16 2023 6.03297°N, 116.5495°E K 17 2052 6.03504°N, 116.5503°E K 18 2117 6.03731°N, 116.55009°E K 19 2200 6.03958°N, 116.55034°E K 20 2268 6.04147°N, 116.55157°E K 21 2322 6.0413°N, 116.55377°E K 22 2446 6.04164°N, 116.556°E K 23 2556 6.04191°N, 116.55824°E K 24 2629 6.04334°N, 116.55996°E K 25 2703 6.04558°N, 116.56007°E K 26 2806 6.04738°N, 116.56137°E K 27 2895 6.04898°N, 116.56301°E K 28 2948 6.05113°N, 116.5636°E K 29 3036 6.0532°N, 116.56442°E K 30 3115 6.05527°N, 116.56525°E K 31 3221 6.05745°N, 116.56579°E K 32 3294 6.05967°N, 116.56623°E K 33 3410 6.06181°N, 116.56715°E K 34 3555 6.06403°N, 116.56703°E K 35 3697 6.06557°N, 116.56529°E K 36 3799 6.06604°N, 116.56302°E K 37 3859 6.06781°N, 116.56165°E K 38 3946 6.07°N, 116.56101°E K 39 3976 6.07214°N, 116.56021°E K 40 4022 6.07389°N, 116.55877°E

205

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012A

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dix

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r ne

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rey

Pan

dion

re

side

nt a

nd m

igra

tory

two

seen

at

Pori

ng H

ot S

prin

gs i

n Fe

b (S

hack

elfo

rd, 2

007)

ha

liaet

us

popu

latio

ns i

n B

orne

o;

no

upp

er m

argi

n gi

ven

206

Harris et al.: Altitudinal range shifts of Bornean birdsA

ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

AC

CIP

ITR

IFO

RM

ES:

Acc

ipitr

idae

Cre

sted

Hon

ey

Per

nis

818

848

500

1500

* re

side

nt a

nd m

igra

tory

al

titud

es g

iven

are

for

res

iden

t

one

seen

at

Kin

abal

u Pa

rk (

Dob

bs, 2

008;

Lam

bert

&B

uzza

rd

ptilo

rhyn

chus

po

pula

tions

in

Bor

neo;

ra

ce

Yon

g, 2

010;

Har

rap,

201

1; t

aken

to

be a

t le

ast

1500

m);

to o

ver

1000

at P

orin

g c.

500

m (

Wat

son,

201

0; A

KN

)

Bat

Haw

k M

ache

iram

phus

1545

po

ssib

ly u

p to

155

0 se

en a

t he

adqu

arte

rs (

5100

ft)

alci

nus

at

dus

k

Bra

hmin

y K

ite

Hal

iast

ur i

ndus

30

3

prob

ably

ove

r 11

00

also

at

Ran

au (

1800

ft)

Po

ring

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

[Les

ser

Fis

h E

agle

] Ic

hthy

opha

ga

16

00

1000

si

ght

reco

rd a

t 16

00 m

hu

mili

s

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Mou

ntai

n Se

rpen

t

Spilo

rnis

90

9 31

00

1450

20

23**

75

0–29

00

colle

cted

“ab

ove

3000

ft

by

1450

–150

0 m

(A

JB);

168

8–20

23 m

(JB

CH

); H

arra

p,E

agle

ki

naba

luen

sis

W

hite

head

”; 1

600–

3100

m

2010

at

low

er s

lope

s of

Por

ing

(tak

en t

o be

les

s th

an

(Biu

n, 1

999)

60

0 m

; w

e ta

ke t

his

to b

e un

confi

rm

ed u

nles

s th

e bi

rd

w

as v

ocal

); s

een

abov

e B

ukit

Ula

r, c.

190

0 m

(JA

E);

at

leas

t th

ree

indi

vidu

als

resi

dent

. Reg

ular

ly s

een

circ

ling

arou

nd B

ukit

Ula

r (t

he h

ill),

190

0 m

, Feb

–Jun

in

2010

an

d 20

11 (

AJB

)

Cre

sted

Ser

pent

Sp

ilorn

is c

heel

a 70

0

560

1000

up

to

abou

t 12

00,

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

; Je

nkin

s &

73

1–84

3 (J

BC

H);

250

–450

m a

t Se

rins

imE

agle

poss

ibly

hig

her

de S

ilva

(197

8) i

s va

gue

abou

t (S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04);

Por

ing

cano

py w

alkw

ay

Spilo

rnis

ran

ges;

Jen

kins

et

al.

(Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

); u

p to

(1

996)

sai

d: c

olle

cted

at

L

anga

nan

wat

erfa

ll, p

artic

ular

ly a

t km

1.5

–1.8

, in

Te

nom

pok

5000

ft;

“see

n

rece

nt y

ears

(JA

E);

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

se

vera

l tim

es a

bove

par

k

560

m, S

ep.2

009

(C. L

ee, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

he

adqu

arte

rs”

(no

deta

ils);

Pori

ng (

Ver

meu

len,

199

6)

Cre

sted

Gos

haw

k A

ccip

iter

30

3 90

9 56

0 15

00*

up t

o 20

15 t

hrou

ghou

t

Pori

ng c

. 560

m (

Bar

nes,

200

5, A

KN

); b

red

at 1

500

m,

tr

ivir

gatu

s

B

orne

o (S

myt

hies

,

2009

–201

1 (A

JB);

Por

ing

(Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

)

19

57, 1

999)

Chi

nese

A

ccip

iter

30

3

500

one

colle

cted

by

Whi

tehe

adSp

arro

wha

wk

solo

ensi

s

in 1

887

Japa

nese

A

ccip

iter

gula

ris

303

500

1200

si

ght

reco

rd P

orin

g (n

o lo

calit

y Sp

arro

wha

wk

data

); J

enki

ns e

t al

. (19

96)

say

“P

orin

g ho

t sp

ring

s” (

take

n to

be c

. 500

m)

Bes

ra

Acc

ipite

r

303

1575

15

00

1660

19

00

nest

ing

on S

ilau

Sila

u tr

ail

se

en a

t K

iau

Vie

w (

Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

166

0 m

);

virg

atus

1982

, tak

en t

o be

157

5 m

;

seen

“lo

wer

dow

n on

the

mou

ntai

n” (

Woo

ds, 2

008)

; ne

st

betw

een

Park

hea

dqua

rter

s an

d al

ong

road

nea

r Si

lau

Sila

u, 2

006

(JA

E);

bre

d at

150

0 m

T

impo

hon

gate

in

201

1 (n

est

activ

e M

ay–J

un)

(AJB

); P

orin

g

(Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N)

(Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

)

Gre

y-fa

ced

Buz

zard

B

utas

tur

30

3 16

00

1500

at

Par

k H

eadq

uart

ers

in 1

981;

M

esila

u go

lf c

ours

e, N

ov.2

010

(JA

E;

c. 1

650

m)

in

dicu

s

also

Bun

du T

uhan

(42

00 f

t);

700,

160

0, 3

100

m (

no p

hoto

s)

(B

iun,

199

9)

Bla

ck E

agle

Ic

tinae

tus

93

9 15

75

reac

hing

152

5 an

d pa

ir p

resu

med

to

be t

his

on

e on

Mou

nt K

inab

alu

[tra

ils]

(New

nham

, 200

7; G

urne

y,

mal

ayen

sis

abov

e sp

ecie

s se

en a

t K

inab

alu

Park

20

10;

Har

rap,

201

0; L

ambe

rt &

Yon

g, 2

010)

; un

com

mon

he

adqu

arte

rs (

take

n to

be

ab

ove

Kun

dasa

ng, c

. 130

0 m

(A

JB);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

15

75 m

) (S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04);

see

n on

Mt.

Kin

abal

u

(B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

200

1)

207


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Ruf

ous-

belli

ed

Loph

otri

orch

is

303

600

1530

Po

ring

low

er e

leva

tions

se

en i

n K

inab

alu

Park

, som

ewhe

re f

rom

hea

dqua

rter

s to

Haw

k-E

agle

ki

ener

ii

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en t

o

Tim

poho

n ga

te (

Laz

ere,

200

5, A

KN

; Se

vena

ir, 2

010,

be

600

m)

AK

N);

see

n at

Mt.

Kin

abal

u (H

arra

p, 2

010)

Cre

sted

Haw

k-E

agle

N

isae

tus

50

0 15

75

1400

on

e co

llect

ed o

n th

e Te

mpa

ssuk

da

rk p

hase

at

Pori

ng h

eadq

uart

ers

area

(H

arra

p, 2

011;

ci

rrha

tus

pl

ain

take

n to

be

500

m);

see

n ab

ove

Mes

ilau

(Bis

hop,

201

0;

ta

ken

to b

e at

lea

st 1

900

m);

tw

o da

rk p

hase

bir

ds a

t

K

inab

alu

(Mye

rs, 2

009)

; re

gula

r at

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs,

2006

–200

8, c

. 157

5 m

(JA

E)

Bly

th’s

Haw

k E

agle

N

isae

tus

56

0 20

00

2000

Po

ring

(no

loc

ality

dat

a)

Pori

ng c

. 560

m (

Bro

wn,

201

1, A

KN

); P

orin

g (H

arra

p,

albo

nige

r

20

10);

upp

er e

leva

tions

of

Pori

ng (

Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to b

e at

lea

st 8

00 m

); s

een

at K

inab

alu

Park

(V

alen

tine

& T

hurm

ilang

an, 2

008a

; L

ambe

rt &

Yon

g, 2

010)

; se

en

at

Kia

u V

iew

(D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to

be c

. 166

0 m

);

c. 2

000

m s

oari

ng o

ver

Buk

it U

lar

(AJB

)

FAL

CO

NIF

OR

ME

S: F

alco

nida

e

Whi

te-f

ront

ed

Mic

rohi

erax

975

to a

bout

120

0 si

ght

reco

rds

at R

anau

and

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; hi

ke t

oFa

lcon

et

latif

rons

Pori

ng;

Pori

ng, c

. 975

m

wat

erfa

ll, P

orin

g, i

n te

lesc

ope

(Sha

ckel

ford

, 200

7);

(N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N)

wat

erfa

ll hi

ke (

Har

rap,

201

1);

Pori

ng (

Hut

chin

son,

200

8,

Ju

n);

pair

reg

ular

at

Pori

ng e

ntra

nce

pre-

2006

unt

il de

ad

tr

ee c

hopp

ed d

own

(JA

E)

Pere

grin

e Fa

lcon

F

alco

2424

15

70

1575

**

2440

race

ern

esti

in K

inab

alu

Park

(N

ewnh

am, 2

007;

tak

en t

o

pere

grin

us

be 1

575

m);

Sila

u Si

lau

trai

l, 15

70 m

(B

arne

s, 2

005,

A

KN

)

Ori

enta

l H

obby

F

alco

sev

erus

no

ne g

iven

K

inab

alu

spec

imen

with

no

lo

calit

y da

ta;

Pori

ng s

ight

ing

w

ith n

o lo

calit

y da

ta

Com

mon

Kes

trel

F

alco

no

ne g

iven

si

ght

reco

rd f

rom

Ran

au

tinnu

ncul

us

GR

UIF

OR

ME

S: R

allid

ae

Red

-leg

ged

Cra

ke

Ral

lina

fasc

iata

90

9 15

75

650

15

50

dead

bir

d co

llect

ed a

t Pa

rk

650

m a

t Po

ring

, May

201

1 (A

JB)

H

eadq

uart

ers,

198

7

[Sla

ty-b

reas

ted

Rai

l]

Gal

liral

lus

to

at

leas

t 10

00

C

h’ie

n L

ee o

bser

ved

one

at c

lose

ran

ge a

t M

esila

u go

lf

stri

atus

co

urse

, c. 1

600

m (

C. L

ee, B

IW S

ep.2

009)

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

Am

auro

rnis

1515

15

30

also

Pin

osuk

Pla

teau

and

ne

ar M

esila

u (M

yers

, 201

0, A

ug;

Bro

wn,

201

1,W

ater

hen

phoe

nicu

rus

R

anau

A

KN

; th

e la

tter

at c

. 200

0 m

)

CH

AR

AD

RII

FOR

ME

S: S

colo

paci

dae

Pin-

taile

d Sn

ipe

Gal

linag

o

none

giv

en

com

mon

in

hill

rice

at

Pori

ng

sten

ura

H

ot S

prin

gs (

befo

re 1

978)

Com

mon

San

dpip

er

Act

itis

75

8

up t

o 13

00 i

n K

elab

it

c. 2

00 m

ele

vatio

n in

riv

er n

ear

Seri

nsim

hea

dqua

rter

s

hypo

leuc

os

upla

nds

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04)

CO

LU

MB

IFO

RM

ES:

Col

umbi

dae

Spot

ted

Dov

e Sp

ilope

lia

1000

sp

ecim

ens

from

Kin

abal

u Po

ring

(W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

, 200

1);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

ch

inen

sis

w

ith n

o lo

calit

y da

ta;

also

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04);

Por

ing

and

Kun

dasa

ng (

Gur

ney,

R

anau

; si

ght

reco

rd f

rom

20

10;

Pori

ng t

aken

to

be 5

00 m

); c

. 190

0 m

. at

Mes

ilau

K

unda

sang

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N)

208


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Rud

dy C

ucko

o D

ove

Mac

ropy

gia

50

0 15

75

975

18

35

at K

unda

sang

up

to 4

500

ft;

Seen

“on

all

thre

e da

ys”

at P

orin

g (W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

,

emili

ana

ne

tted

in P

orin

g by

FH

S,

2001

); P

orin

g (B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

200

1);

3100

m

c. 5

00 m

; si

ght

reco

rds

at 7

00

mar

k on

Lan

gana

n tr

ail,

c. 9

75 m

ele

vatio

n, M

ay 2

009

an

d 16

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9). W

e (J

AE

). W

e co

nsid

er r

ecor

ds a

bove

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs t

o

cons

ider

rec

ords

abo

ve p

ark

be h

ypot

hetic

al u

ntil

deta

ils b

ecom

e av

aila

ble.

he

adqu

arte

rs t

o be

hyp

othe

tical

un

til d

etai

ls b

ecom

e av

aila

ble.

Litt

le C

ucko

o D

ove

Mac

ropy

gia

303

3100

52

1 20

00**

to

at

leas

t 29

45

eggs

at

Kia

u; 3

100

m

521–

1789

(JB

CH

); c

omm

on t

o 20

00 m

(A

JB);

reg

ular

rufi c

eps

(B

iun,

199

9)

at M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs (

JAE

)

Com

mon

Em

eral

d

Cha

lcop

haps

60

0 16

00

1450

19

00*

1590

w

indo

w k

ill a

t ni

ght

at p

ark

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

seen

Dov

e in

dica

head

quar

ters

bef

ore

1978

, 20

09–2

011

near

pow

er s

tatio

n (1

900

m),

com

mon

in

pr

esum

ed t

o be

a d

ispe

rser

;

2011

whe

re b

irds

wer

e se

en a

nd b

ande

d re

gula

rly

from

60

0 m

is

appr

oxim

ate

for

14

50–1

850

m (

AJB

); P

orin

g (R

hein

dt, 2

010,

per

s.

“l

ower

ele

vatio

ns o

f Po

ring

”

com

m.;

Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

)

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985)

; 16

00 m

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Litt

le G

reen

Pig

eon

Trer

on o

lax

500

12

20

500

m a

t Po

ring

in

1985

in

tere

stin

g th

at t

here

are

no

rece

nt r

ecor

ds

(Phi

llips

, 198

6)

Pink

-nec

ked

Gre

en

Trer

on v

erna

ns

303

700

none

giv

en

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4)Pi

geon

Thi

ck-b

illed

Gre

en

Trer

on

500

13

00

com

mon

est

gree

n pi

geon

at

inte

rest

ing

that

the

re a

re n

o re

cent

rec

ords

Pige

on

curv

iros

tra

ho

t sp

ring

s (J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a,

1978

; ta

ken

to b

e c.

500

m);

al

so R

anau

; de

ad b

ird

colle

cted

at

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs, 1

988

(J

enki

ns e

t al

., 19

96);

thi

s

spec

ies

has

been

col

lect

ed o

n

nigh

t di

sper

sal

at 7

00 m

in

C

rock

er R

ange

(J

enki

ns e

t al

.,

1996

) so

dea

d bi

rd a

t

head

quar

ters

cou

ld h

ave

been

a

di

sper

ser

Jam

bu F

ruit

Dov

e P

tilin

opus

jam

bu

700

1575

1575

to

at

leas

t 16

00

nest

at

5100

ft

in 1

985;

tw

o Po

ring

(B

enst

ead,

200

4);

fem

ale

in fl

ight

at

park

w

indo

w k

ills

at p

ark

he

adqu

arte

rs (

Bis

hop,

200

7; t

aken

to

be 1

575

m)

he

adqu

arte

rs a

t ni

ght

(tak

en t

o

be 1

575

m);

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

Gre

en I

mpe

rial

D

ucul

a ae

nea

93

9

10

50

also

sev

eral

col

lect

ed a

t K

iau

Pori

ng (

Hor

nbuc

kle,

200

5)Pi

geon

42

00 f

t

Mou

ntai

n Im

peri

al

Duc

ula

badi

a 70

0 24

55

774

1997

**

to 2

500

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

Kia

u

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

Por

ing

Pige

on

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2001

)

(egg

s)

(Woo

ds, 2

007;

Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

)

PSIT

TAC

IFO

RM

ES:

Psi

ttaci

dae

Blu

e-cr

owne

d

Lori

culu

s 50

0 16

06

516

16

20

sigh

tings

nea

r pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

516

m (

JBC

H);

sev

eral

tri

p re

port

rec

ords

fro

mH

angi

ng P

arro

t ga

lgul

us

in

197

1 an

d 19

73;

near

Por

ing

Pori

ng (

no e

leva

tions

giv

en);

can

opy

wal

kway

he

adqu

arte

rs (

Ver

meu

len,

199

6;

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

)

take

n to

be

500

m)

CU

CU

LIF

OR

ME

S: C

ucul

idae

Gre

ater

Cou

cal

Cen

trop

us

500

50

0

at 7

50 o

n M

t. Po

ring

at

edge

of

com

poun

d,

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

hear

d in

si

nens

is

Tru

s M

adi

take

n to

be

500

m;

Kia

u (e

ggs)

to

wn

of P

orin

g, 5

00 m

(JB

CH

)

209


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Les

ser

Cou

cal

Cen

trop

us

15

52

2000

sp

ecim

en f

rom

par

k he

ard

in K

unda

sang

130

0 m

(JB

CH

, AJB

); s

een

at

beng

alen

sis

he

adqu

arte

rs i

n 19

71 (

1552

m);

Po

ring

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

si

ght

reco

rd f

rom

Por

ing

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta);

tw

o se

en a

t

Pori

ng (

Ver

meu

len,

199

6)

Raffl e

s’s

Mal

koha

R

hino

rtha

30

3 10

61

513

964

to 1

100

also

Kua

ng (

c. 2

200

ft);

Ran

au

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

ch

loro

phae

us

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta)

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2004

)

Red

-bill

ed M

alko

ha

Zanc

lost

omus

30

3

70

0 to

at

leas

t 17

50

also

Kua

ng, P

orin

g

seen

at

Pori

ng (

Dob

bs, 2

008;

Hut

chin

son,

201

1);

ja

vani

cus

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta)

Pori

ng, 7

00 m

Nov

.201

0 (J

AE

)

Che

stnu

t-br

east

ed

Pha

enic

opha

eus

30

3 10

61

539

1600

* 12

20

also

Ran

au

539

m (

JBC

H);

tw

o si

ghtin

gs n

ear

park

hea

dqua

rter

sM

alko

ha

curv

iros

tris

si

nce

2009

(A

JB, a

t le

ast

1500

m);

160

0 m

abo

ve p

ark

head

quar

ters

(A

B, J

ul.2

010)

; c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04)

[Che

stnu

t-be

llied

P

haen

icop

haeu

s 70

0

to a

t le

ast

1300

“r

isin

g to

foo

thill

s ab

ove

Mal

koha

] su

mat

ranu

s

Ran

au”

(Gor

e, 1

968)

—

Jenk

ins

et a

l. (1

996)

sai

d

“An

unus

ual

and

poss

ibly

doub

tful

rec

ord;

nor

mal

ly a

man

grov

e/co

ast

resi

dent

”. W

e

cons

ider

the

few

rec

ords

sin

ce

to

be

hypo

thet

ical

pen

ding

docu

men

tatio

n.

Bla

ck-b

ellie

d

Pha

enic

opha

eus

303

975

560

to

915

, onc

e at

170

0 c.

975

m a

bove

Por

ing

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

on L

anga

nan

Mal

koha

di

ardi

(Nez

adal

, 199

1, A

KN

); 7

00 m

tr

ail

at P

orin

g (A

ddis

on, 2

002)

; c.

560

m a

t Po

ring

(B

iun,

199

9)

(Bro

wn,

201

1, A

KN

); P

orin

g (M

athe

ve e

t al

., 20

08);

cano

py w

alkw

ay, t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

, Se

p.20

09

(C. L

ee, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

Che

stnu

t-w

inge

d

Cla

mat

or

500

to

975

in

Kel

abit

seen

in

hill

rice

fi e

ld a

t Po

ring

Po

ring

ent

ranc

e, N

ov.2

010

(JA

E, c

. 500

m)

Cuc

koo

coro

man

dus

upla

nds

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta)

Asi

an K

oel

Eud

ynam

ys

none

giv

en

win

ter

visi

tor,

reco

rded

sc

olop

aceu

s

cros

sing

the

tra

ck b

etw

een

R

anau

and

Kun

dasa

ng

Vio

let

Cuc

koo

Chr

ysoc

occy

x 50

0

521

13

00

Pori

ng h

ot p

ools

198

5 an

d 51

0 m

(JB

CH

); f

emal

e or

you

ng m

ale

at P

orin

g

xant

horh

ynch

us

19

86, t

aken

to

be c

. 500

m

(Lam

bert

& Y

ong,

201

0);

fem

ale,

Por

ing

(Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

); L

anga

nan

trai

l, M

ay 2

011

(S. T

. Yeo

&L

. Har

ding

, BIW

)

Litt

le B

ronz

e C

ucko

o C

hrys

ococ

cyx

939

1575

sc

arce

, pos

sibl

y in

to

spec

imen

of

“C. r

. ahe

neus

” Po

ring

(K

iong

, 200

8, O

BI)

; se

en a

t Po

ring

with

m

inut

illus

m

onta

ne a

reas

. For

co

llect

ed a

t 31

00 f

t te

lesc

ope

(Val

entin

e &

Thu

rmila

ngan

, 200

8a);

see

n in

C. m

. rus

satu

s, M

ann

te

lesc

ope

near

Kin

abal

u Pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

(200

8) s

ays:

sca

rce,

(Har

rap,

201

1; t

aken

to

be 1

575

m)

up t

o 94

5

Ban

ded

Bay

Cuc

koo

Cac

oman

tis

560

pe

rhap

s up

to

1530

ne

tted

at P

orin

g (n

o lo

calit

y se

en a

t Po

ring

with

tel

esco

pe (

Val

entin

e &

Thu

rmila

ngan

,

sonn

erat

ii

data

); u

nconfi r

med

sig

htin

g 20

08a)

; he

ard

at P

orin

g (H

arra

p, 2

008,

201

0; F

. Rhe

indt

fr

om 5

000

ft

pers

. com

m.)

; se

en a

t Po

ring

c. 5

60 m

(Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

)

210


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Plai

ntiv

e C

ucko

o C

acom

antis

70

0 93

9 50

0 56

0 no

ne g

iven

ne

tted

at 7

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

seen

and

hea

rd n

ear

Pori

ng h

oste

l (D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to

m

erul

inus

be

c. 5

00 m

); h

eard

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m,

Oct

.201

0 (L

. S. N

i, J.

Ong

, BIW

)

Rus

ty-b

reas

ted

C

acom

antis

51

6 53

0 ab

out

1715

si

ght

reco

rd f

rom

Por

ing

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

Por

ing

Cuc

koo

sepu

lcra

lis

(Hut

chin

son,

200

8; W

oods

, 200

8, X

eno

Can

to)

Squa

re-t

aile

d

Surn

icul

us

303

700

782

824

up t

o 12

20 o

r 13

10

Nal

umad

(25

00 f

t); T

enom

pok;

ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a; c

. 200

m a

t Se

rins

imD

rong

o- C

ucko

o lu

gubr

is

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2004

)

Mou

stac

hed

H

iero

cocc

yx

600

700

to a

bout

610

Po

ring

“on

tra

il to

the

bam

boo

Haw

k-C

ucko

o va

gans

grov

e”, t

aken

to

be a

t le

ast

60

0 m

(Ph

illip

s, 1

986)

; 70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Dar

k H

awk

Cuc

koo

Hie

roco

ccyx

90

9 18

35

1509

20

23*

1985

“t

o 18

35 m

on

Mt.

Kin

abal

u

JBC

H d

ata;

Mes

ilau,

Dec

.200

8

bock

i

(Sm

ythi

es, 1

957,

Nat

ural

(C

. Lee

and

S. T

. Yeo

, BIW

, acc

epte

d);

regu

larl

y 50

m

His

tory

Mus

eum

)” i

n (M

ann,

ab

ove

Mes

ilau

on t

rail

to s

umm

it (J

AE

)

2008

); s

een

som

ewhe

re

be

twee

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(Rob

erso

n, 1

988,

AK

N;

Bon

o,

19

97, A

KN

)

Mal

aysi

an

Hie

roco

ccyx

70

0 16

00

510

1600

to

162

0 no

min

ate

race

col

lect

ed a

t Po

ring

(G

abri

else

n, 2

005,

OB

I);

510

m P

orin

g B

otan

ical

Haw

k-C

ucko

o fu

gax

30

00 f

t w

hile

lay

ing

in a

G

arde

n, N

ov.2

010

(JA

E);

at

Pori

ng w

ater

fall

trai

l

Cul

icic

apa

nest

;

(Har

rap,

201

1);

hear

d at

Por

ing

(onl

y hi

ked

to

H. f

ugax

nis

icol

or c

olle

cted

“a

bove

bat

cav

e”;

take

n as

600

m)

and

else

whe

re i

n

at 3

100

ft;

youn

g de

ad b

ird

K

inab

alu

Park

(B

isho

p, 2

010)

; ba

nded

(in

bre

edin

g

colle

cted

at

head

quar

ters

co

nditi

on)

at 1

600

m i

n 20

11 (

AJB

)

(tak

en t

o be

157

5 m

); n

ette

d

at 7

00 m

, see

n at

160

0 an

d

2100

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

—

no p

hoto

s so

we

trea

t up

per

re

cord

as

unco

nfi r

med

Indi

an C

ucko

o C

ucul

us

12

12

645

904

1220

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

tw

o qu

estio

nabl

e re

cord

s fr

om

mic

ropt

erus

so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

and

Tim

poho

n

ga

te (

Hor

nbuc

kle,

200

5; M

erri

ll, 2

011,

AK

N);

c. 2

00 m

at S

erin

sim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4)

Sund

a C

ucko

o C

ucul

us l

epid

us

900

2750

15

07

2700

75

0 to

abo

ve 2

750

1600

–260

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

rang

e (r

esid

ent

Cuc

ulus

lep

idus

) is

fro

m J

BC

H d

ata;

sp

ecie

s/ra

ces

invo

lved

unc

lear

he

ard

at P

orin

g, 2

6–27

Mar

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

; se

en a

t

in a

ll re

cord

s; t

o 27

50 m

Po

ring

, 6–9

Apr

(W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

, 200

1);

taxo

nom

y

(Whi

tehe

ad i

n Sm

ythi

es, 1

999)

un

clea

r; M

esila

u, D

ec.2

008

(C. L

ee a

nd S

. T. Y

eo, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

STR

IGIF

OR

ME

S: T

yton

idae

Ori

enta

l B

ay O

wl

Pho

dilu

s ba

dius

700

to a

bout

750

ne

tted

at 7

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

STR

IGIF

OR

ME

S: S

trig

idae

Red

dish

Sco

ps O

wl

Otu

s ru

fesc

ens

15

15

600

19

85

nette

d at

500

0 ft

in

1964

. se

en a

t Po

ring

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005;

Eat

on, 2

008)

; m

ost

Je

nkin

s et

al.

(199

6) s

aid:

vi

sits

to

Pori

ng a

t le

ast

hear

d at

600

m (

JAE

)

ID d

oubt

ful,

conf

usio

n w

ith

M

ount

ain

Scop

s O

wl

has

oc

curr

ed o

n ot

her

Mal

ayan

mou

ntai

ns

211


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Mou

ntai

n Sc

ops

Ow

l O

tus

16

00

3100

15

09

3036

75

0 to

270

5 16

00–3

100

(Biu

n, 1

999)

; ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a; t

he s

peci

es m

ay h

ave

been

sp

iloce

phal

us

Je

nkin

s et

al.

(199

6) s

aid

this

ov

erlo

oked

. It

was

com

mon

on

nigh

t su

rvey

s fr

om

sp

ecie

s w

as “

rare

ly s

een”

18

00–2

800

m i

n 20

10 (

JBC

H);

lik

ely

occu

rs a

bove

3036

m, w

indy

sur

vey

cond

ition

s m

ade

sam

plin

g

di

ffi c

ult;

Mes

ilau,

Dec

.200

8

(C

. Lee

and

S. T

. Yeo

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

Raj

ah S

cops

Ow

l O

tus

broo

kii

18

80

to 2

000

on M

t. D

ulit

dead

bir

d fo

und

on s

umm

it si

ght

reco

rd b

y D

anie

l M

unoz

dur

ing

the

day

at 1

500

m

trai

l in

198

6 at

c. 1

880

m.

near

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs, M

ay 2

011

(no

phot

ogra

ph, b

ut

de

tails

mat

ch d

escr

iptio

n of

thi

s sp

ecie

s; A

JB)

Col

lare

d Sc

ops

Ow

l O

tus

lem

piji

303

600

500

at

lea

st 1

000

Pori

ng l

ower

ele

vatio

ns

hear

d at

Por

ing

(Har

rap,

201

0);

Pori

ng e

ntra

nce,

mos

t

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en

visi

ts h

eard

(JA

E)

to

be

600

m);

net

ted

at K

iau

Bar

red

Eag

le-O

wl

Bub

o

600

909

to a

bout

100

0 he

ard

at P

orin

g lo

wer

su

mat

ranu

s

elev

atio

ns (

Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

ta

ken

to b

e 60

0 m

)

Bro

wn

Woo

d O

wl

Stri

x

650

1650

15

00

Se

en a

t ba

t ca

ve, P

orin

g, N

ov.2

011

(c. 6

50 m

; JA

E);

see

n

lept

ogra

mm

ica

from

155

0–16

50 m

fro

m M

ar–J

un i

n 20

09–2

011

(AJB

);

al

so s

een

or h

eard

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

head

quar

ters

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te i

n 20

07 (

Bis

hop,

200

7), a

nd 2

008

(Eat

on, 2

008;

Har

rap,

200

8; H

utch

inso

n, 2

008,

Jun

, Jul

);

also

Mes

ilau

(Phi

llips

, 201

1)

Col

lare

d O

wle

t G

lauc

idiu

m

1515

16

00

1450

19

00*

to 1

530

on

also

c. 3

300

ft s

peci

men

fro

m

rang

e fr

om A

JB d

ata

br

odie

i

M

t. K

inab

alu,

to

2100

K

inok

ok;

dead

bir

d at

par

k

on

Mt.

Tru

s M

adi

head

quar

ters

in

1989

; 16

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Bro

wn

Haw

k-O

wl

Nin

ox s

cutu

lata

1515

15

30

eggs

at

Kau

ng;

colle

cted

at

hear

d at

Por

ing

(Ben

stea

d &

Ben

stea

d, 2

001)

R

anau

CA

PRIM

UL

GIF

OR

ME

S: P

odar

gida

e

Gou

ld’s

Fro

gmou

th

Bat

rach

osto

mus

650

to 9

15

da

y ro

ostin

g at

can

opy

wal

kway

(ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

) by

st

ella

tus

Uth

ai T

rees

con

in 2

002;

in

Apr

.201

1 A

. Pea

rce

(aud

io r

ecor

ding

) an

d A

JB m

ade

audi

o re

cord

ings

of

one

just

abo

ve b

at c

ave

(c. 6

50 m

)

Bor

nean

Fro

gmou

th†

Bat

rach

osto

mus

70

0 25

40

1575

18

50**

61

0–25

40

calls

hea

rd a

t Pa

rk

audi

o re

cord

ings

fro

m O

ct.2

011

of b

irds

nea

r hi

ll lo

dge

m

ixtu

s

Hea

dqua

rter

s in

198

4, 1

985

(c. 1

575

m)

and

on r

oad

oppo

site

Buk

it U

lar

(c. 1

850

m)

th

ough

t to

be

this

spe

cies

;

(S. W

oods

per

s. c

omm

.; JA

E)

ne

stin

g on

Sila

u Si

lau

trai

l in

1982

(Ph

illip

s, 1

986;

tak

en t

o

be 1

575

m);

net

ted

at 7

00 m

,

no p

hoto

grap

h (B

iun,

199

9);

to

254

0 on

Kin

abal

u be

fore

1998

(M

ann,

200

8)

Bly

th’s

Fro

gmou

th

Bat

rach

osto

mus

to

abo

ut 8

00

seen

and

hea

rd a

t Po

ring

by

affi n

is

D

enni

s Y

ong,

bet

wee

n 19

78

an

d 19

96

212


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

CA

PRIM

UL

GIF

OR

ME

S: C

apri

mul

gida

e

Mal

aysi

an E

ared

Ly

ncor

nis

10

61

50

0 at

lea

st 1

065

also

Ten

ompo

k he

ard

at P

orin

g he

adqu

arte

rs (

Woo

ds, 2

007;

tak

en t

o be

Nig

htja

r te

mm

inck

ii

50

0 m

); 3

bir

ds a

t M

ongg

is s

ubst

atio

n, M

t. Ta

mbu

yuko

n

(3

50 m

, Jun

.201

1, A

JB)

Gre

y N

ight

jar

Cap

rim

ulgu

s

15

75

2000

m

igra

nts

at K

inab

alu

Park

fl u

shed

abo

ut 2

km

up

pow

er s

tatio

n ro

ad f

rom

jo

taka

head

quar

ters

sin

ce 1

982

he

adqu

arte

rs (

Add

ison

, 200

2);

seen

som

ewhe

re i

n

(tak

en t

o be

157

5 m

);

betw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s an

d T

impo

hon

gate

D

ec.1

984,

Mar

.198

5

(Mer

rill,

201

1, A

KN

)

(Phi

llips

, 198

6)

Lar

ge-t

aile

d N

ight

jar

Cap

rim

ulgu

s

394

606

1190

al

so B

undu

Tuh

an 3

900

ft

mac

ruru

s

APO

DIF

OR

ME

S: H

emip

rocn

idae

Gre

y-ru

mpe

d

Hem

ipro

cne

500

975

500

at

lea

st 1

050

spec

imen

fro

m K

inab

alu

sm

all

num

bers

at

Pori

ngT

rees

wif

t lo

ngip

enni

s

(no

loca

lity

data

); P

orin

g

(Val

entin

e &

Thu

rmila

ngan

, 200

8ab)

; Po

ring

hea

dqua

rter

s

head

quar

ters

(V

erm

eule

n,

(Har

rap,

201

0; t

aken

to

be 5

00 m

); f

airl

y co

mm

on

19

96;

take

n to

be

500

m);

at

Por

ing

(Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001)

c.

975

m a

bove

Por

ing

(N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N)

Whi

sker

ed T

rees

wif

t H

emip

rocn

e

85

0 Po

ring

(no

loc

ality

dat

a)

Pori

ng (

New

nham

, 200

7);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

co

mat

a

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04)

APO

DIF

OR

ME

S: A

podi

dae

Gia

nt S

wif

tlet

Hyd

roch

ous

50

0 19

00

abou

t 18

00

be

twee

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te

giga

s

(C

arat

ello

, 200

3; R

ober

son,

200

3, A

KN

); f

our

on

Mt.

Kin

abal

u (H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

; fo

ur f

rom

Kia

u V

iew

(Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

166

5 m

); i

nspe

ctin

g L

anga

nan

wat

erfa

ll fo

r po

ssib

le n

estin

g (E

aton

, 200

9, M

ay;

1000

m);

sum

mit

trai

l (H

utch

inso

n, 2

009,

Jul

; ta

ken

to b

e

c. 1

900

m);

rec

ords

of

voca

l fl o

cks

whe

n w

eath

er i

s

ba

d an

d cl

oud

ceili

ng l

ow, b

etw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s

an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(17

00–2

000

m)

in 2

009–

2011

(A

JB);

Mes

ilau,

May

200

9 (J

AE

, c. 1

900

m);

on

entr

ance

roa

d

fr

om R

anau

, c. 5

00 m

at

edge

of

Pori

ng t

own

(F. R

hein

dt, J

ul.2

010,

per

s. c

omm

.)

Glo

ssy

Swif

tlet

Col

loca

lia

15

00

645

pr

obab

ly u

p to

412

0 sp

ecim

en f

rom

150

0 m

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

es

cule

nta

(M

oyle

et

al.,

2008

); M

ann

(Gur

ney,

201

0);

audi

o re

cord

ing

from

Aug

.201

0 at

bat

(2

008)

sta

tes

that

the

sw

iftle

ts

cave

, c. 6

45 m

(P.

C. R

asm

usse

n, A

VoC

et)

at

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs a

re

C. e

scul

enta

Bor

nean

Sw

iftle

t C

ollo

calia

18

00

2730

no

ne s

pecifi e

d

conf

usio

n w

ith p

revi

ous

spec

imen

s co

llect

ed f

rom

150

0 m

in

1937

, als

o up

to

do

dgei

spec

ies

mak

es i

t di

ffi c

ult

to

2730

m (

Moy

le e

t al

., 20

08);

180

0–19

00 m

(A

JB);

co

mpa

re;

Jenk

ins

et a

l. (1

996)

18

61 m

(JB

CH

)

said

C. e

scul

enta

was

fou

nd

“f

rom

the

coa

st t

o th

e hi

ghes

t

poin

t on

Kin

abal

u” b

ut t

his

pr

obab

ly r

efer

s to

C. d

odge

i

213


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

[Edi

ble-

nest

Sw

iftle

t]

Aer

odra

mus

939

none

spe

cifi e

d bu

t G

risw

old

spec

imen

; lo

wla

nd

fuci

phag

us

reco

rd f

rom

113

0 in

ca

ve r

esid

ent,

poss

ibly

a

Sa

raw

ak

doub

tful

rec

ord

Silv

er-r

umpe

d R

haph

idur

a

530

no

ne g

iven

si

ght

reco

rds

from

Por

ing

530

m (

JBC

H);

man

y tr

ip r

epor

t re

cord

s fr

om P

orin

gSp

inet

ail

leuc

opyg

ialis

(no

loca

lity

data

); a

lso

a

po

ssib

ly d

oubt

ful

reco

rd f

rom

so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk

head

quar

ters

and

Tim

poho

n

gate

(R

ober

son,

198

8, A

KN

)

Bro

wn

Nee

dlet

ail

Hir

unda

pus

1575

17

00

Kin

abal

u Pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

c. 1

930

m a

t M

esila

u (H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N)

gi

gant

eus

ta

ken

to b

e 15

75 m

; si

ght

re

cord

fro

m P

orin

g (n

o da

ta)

Asi

an P

alm

Sw

ift

Cyp

siur

us

500

75

0 sp

ecim

ens

from

Kin

abal

u se

en n

ear

Pori

ng h

eadq

uart

ers,

500

m (

JBC

H);

c. 2

00 m

ba

lasi

ensi

s

(no

loca

lity

data

) at

Ser

insi

m (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; al

so “

low

er s

lope

s of

K

inab

alu

Park

” (D

obbs

, 200

8)

[For

k-ta

iled

Swif

t]

Apu

s pa

cifi c

us

none

giv

en

smal

l nu

mbe

rs a

t Po

ring

se

en a

t Po

ring

(B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

200

1)

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6)

[Hou

se S

wif

t]

Apu

s

975

14

50

c. 9

75 m

abo

ve P

orin

g Po

ring

(H

arra

p, 2

010)

; an

d “n

ear

Kin

abal

u [p

ark]

”

nipa

lens

is

(N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N)

(Har

rap,

200

8, 2

010)

; at

site

“ne

ar M

t. K

inab

alu”

whe

re

Py

gmy

Ibon

was

obs

erve

d (H

arra

p, 2

011)

; al

so

so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te

(B

row

n, 2

011,

AK

N)

TR

OG

ON

IFO

RM

ES:

Tro

goni

dae

Red

-nap

ed T

rogo

n H

arpa

ctes

70

0 80

0

12

20

sigh

t re

cord

s fr

om P

orin

g;

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

hear

d at

ka

sum

ba

19

82 a

nd 1

985

in b

ambo

o

Pori

ng (

Har

rap,

201

1);

600–

800

m a

t Po

ring

gr

ove

(Phi

llips

, 198

6; t

aken

(F

. Rhe

indt

, Jul

.201

0, p

ers.

com

m.)

to b

e c.

800

m);

700

m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Dia

rd’s

Tro

gon

Har

pact

es d

iard

ii

700

560

905

1220

Po

ring

(no

loc

ality

dat

a);

90

5 m

(JB

CH

); c

. 200

m a

t Se

rins

im

R

anau

; 70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2004

); h

eard

at

Pori

ng (

Bis

hop,

201

0;

only

hik

ed t

o “a

bove

bat

cav

e”;

take

n to

be

c. 6

00 m

);

ca

nopy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m, S

ep.2

009

(C. L

ee, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

Whi

tehe

ad’s

Tro

gon

Har

pact

es

909

1970

14

50

1900

90

0–25

00, u

p to

178

0 m

any

spec

imen

s fr

om

1450

–190

0 m

(A

JB);

155

7–17

60 m

(JB

CH

);

w

hite

head

i

at

lea

st o

n K

inab

alu

3000

–600

0 ft

; 65

00 f

t re

cord

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

[unc

lear

whe

re 2

500

(197

0 m

) “p

resu

med

to

be o

f

re

cord

com

es f

rom

] th

is s

peci

es (

Smyt

hies

)”;

(Man

n, 2

008)

;

bree

ding

beh

avio

ur s

een

near

900–

2000

in

Saba

h pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

01)

(Phi

llips

, 198

6)

Cin

nam

on-r

umpe

d

Har

pact

es

700

1550

15

30

nette

d at

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

; he

ard

at P

orin

g (N

ewnh

am, 2

007)

; 90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

pT

rogo

n or

roph

aeus

high

er e

leva

tions

of

Pori

ng,

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0)

take

n to

be

c. 8

00 m

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985)

214


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Scar

let-

rum

ped

H

arpa

ctes

1575

65

0

to 1

005,

occ

asio

nally

Po

ring

in

1982

, Par

k c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

Tro

gon

duva

ucel

ii

to

150

0 H

eadq

uart

ers

in 1

986,

198

8 (H

arra

p, 2

011)

; ne

ar b

at c

ave,

c. 6

50 m

, Por

ing

(t

aken

to

be 1

575

m)

(F. R

hein

dt, J

ul.2

010,

per

s. c

omm

.)

Ora

nge-

brea

sted

H

arpa

ctes

30

3 10

61

750

900

200–

1500

belo

w 3

km

mar

k on

wat

erfa

ll tr

ail,

Pori

ngT

rogo

n or

eski

os

(tak

en t

o be

c. 9

00 m

) (A

ddis

on, 2

002)

; re

gula

rly

seen

/hea

rd a

t Po

ring

, 200

2–20

11, u

sual

ly 1

.5–2

km

on

Lan

gana

n tr

ail

(750

–900

m;

JAE

)

CO

RA

CII

FOR

ME

S: C

orac

iidae

Ori

enta

l D

olla

rbir

d E

urys

tom

us

resi

dent

and

mig

rato

ry

spec

imen

s w

ith n

o lo

calit

y se

en s

omew

here

bet

wee

n K

inab

alu

Park

hea

dqua

rter

s

orie

ntal

is

popu

latio

ns i

n B

orne

o;

data

; si

ght

reco

rds

from

an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

, 200

1);

no u

pper

mar

gin

Pori

ng “

whe

re i

t is

com

mon

” 25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4)

gi

ven

(P

hilli

ps &

Phi

llips

cite

d in

Je

nkin

s et

al.,

199

6)

CO

RA

CII

FOR

ME

S: A

lced

inid

ae

Ruf

ous-

colla

red

A

cten

oide

s 50

0 16

67

530

750*

* 16

80

53

0 m

(JB

CH

); u

p to

750

m a

t Po

ring

(JA

E);

fem

ale

atK

ingfi

she

r†

conc

retu

s

ba

t ca

ve (

Ben

stea

d, 2

004;

tak

en t

o be

645

m);

900–

1000

m a

t Sa

yap

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0)

Ban

ded

Kin

gfi s

her

Lace

do p

ulch

ella

60

6 10

30

500

975

1680

894

m (

JBC

H);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04);

ran

ge f

rom

JA

E

Bla

ck-c

appe

d

Hal

cyon

pile

ata

none

giv

en

Jenk

ins

& d

e Si

lva

(197

8)K

ingfi

she

r

ci

ted

Smyt

hies

(19

68),

say

ing

th

is s

peci

es o

ccur

s on

“Kin

abal

u fo

othi

lls”

Col

lare

d K

ingfi

she

r To

dira

mph

us

occa

sion

ally

up

to

spec

imen

obt

aine

d by

Tre

ache

r Po

ring

(W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

, 200

1);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

ch

lori

s

15

00

on K

inab

alu

(no

loca

lity

data

);

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2004

); “

at M

t. K

inab

alu

at a

n un

usua

lly

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

park

hi

gh a

ltitu

de”

(Mye

rs, 2

011)

he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd T

impo

hon

gate

(Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N)

Blu

e-ba

nded

A

lced

o eu

ryzo

na

12

12

560

14

00

st

ream

cro

ssin

g on

tra

il to

Lan

gana

n w

ater

fall

Kin

gfi s

her

(W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

, 200

1);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

, net

ted

in s

mal

l st

ream

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

seco

nd s

trea

m

cr

ossi

ng o

n L

anga

nan

trai

l

(B

enst

ead,

200

4; t

aken

to

be c

. 600

m);

Por

ing

at

c. 5

60 m

(B

row

n, 2

011,

AK

N)

Blu

e-ea

red

Kin

gfi s

her

Alc

edo

13

75

ar

ound

the

riv

er a

t Po

ring

(A

ddis

on 2

002)

; 90

0–10

00 m

m

enin

ting

at S

ayap

(M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

Ori

enta

l D

war

f

Cey

x rufi d

orsa

909

560

12

00

also

net

ted

at P

orin

g c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; hi

ke t

oK

ingfi

she

r

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta)

wat

erfa

ll, P

orin

g (S

hack

elfo

rd, 2

007)

; Po

ring

(M

athe

ve e

t al

., 20

08);

Por

ing,

c. 5

60 m

(Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

); 9

00–1

000

m a

t Sa

yap

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0)

CO

RA

CII

FOR

ME

S: M

erop

idae

Red

-bea

rded

N

ycty

orni

s

303

800

560

833

1200

R

anau

; hi

gher

ele

vatio

ns o

f 25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Pori

ng,

Bee

-eat

er

amic

tus

Po

ring

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5 c.

560

m (

Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

); 6

71–8

33 (

JBC

H)

ta

ken

to b

e c.

800

m)

215


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Blu

e-th

roat

ed

Mer

ops

viri

dis

800

sigh

t re

cord

s fr

om P

orin

g in

Bee

-eat

er

1976

BU

CE

RO

TIF

OR

ME

S: B

ucer

otid

ae

Bus

hy-c

rest

ed

Ano

rrhi

nus

303

1061

50

0

to 1

065

in S

abah

2–3

seen

on

24 J

un.2

010

at h

ot p

ools

, Por

ing

Hor

nbill

ga

leri

tus

(F. R

hein

dt, p

ers.

com

m.;

c. 5

00 m

)

Ori

enta

l Pi

ed

Ant

hrac

ocer

os

15

75

500

seen

by

Jenk

ins

at p

ark

Hor

nbill

al

biro

stri

s

head

quar

ters

in

1970

(ta

ken

to

be

1575

m);

Jen

kins

et

al.

(1

996)

sai

d: t

houg

ht b

y so

me

au

thor

ities

to

be a

dou

btfu

l

reco

rd

Bla

ck H

ornb

ill

Ant

hrac

ocer

os

303

600

abou

t 10

00

eggs

at

Kau

ng;

low

er

inte

rest

ing

that

the

re a

re n

o re

cent

rec

ords

m

alay

anus

elev

atio

ns o

f Po

ring

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en t

o

be 6

00 m

)

Rhi

noce

ros

Hor

nbill

† B

ucer

os

1061

17

58

645

950*

* to

200

0 or

250

0

645–

824

m (

JBC

H);

see

n at

2.7

km

up

wat

erfa

ll tr

ail

rh

inoc

eros

(Man

n, 2

008)

; to

(Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

c. 9

50 m

)

17

50 i

n Sa

bah

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2001

)

Hel

met

ed H

ornb

ill

Rhi

nopl

ax v

igil

700

909

80

0 to

915

, per

haps

to

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

he

ard

at P

orin

g (H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

; re

gula

rly

hear

d

18

00

Po

ring

at

km 1

.8 o

n L

anga

nan

trai

l at

lea

st (

JAE

)

Wre

athe

d H

ornb

ill

Rhy

ticer

os

700

2848

75

0 24

00**

30

50

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

; fl y

over

17

00 m

on

Mt.

Kin

abal

u (E

rics

son,

200

5);

a pa

ir a

t

undu

latu

s

reco

rds

up t

o 30

30 m

Po

ring

(N

ewnh

am, 2

007)

; Po

ring

in fl i

ght

(J

enki

ns e

t al

., 19

96)

and

(V

alen

tine

& T

hurm

ilang

an, 2

008a

); s

een

at 1

900

m

3100

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

(A

JB);

see

n at

240

0 m

on

sum

mit

trai

l, Ju

n.20

11

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N;

pers

. com

m.)

; re

gula

r, 1.

5 km

a

pa

ir a

t c.

750

m, a

long

Lan

gana

n tr

ail

and

abov

e (J

AE

)

PIC

IFO

RM

ES:

Cap

itoni

dae

Gol

d-w

hisk

ered

M

egal

aim

a

303

1061

53

0 86

6 to

at

leas

t 15

25

ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a; c

. 200

m a

t Se

rins

imB

arbe

t ch

ryso

pogo

n

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04)

Red

-cro

wne

d B

arbe

t M

egal

aim

a

1300

sp

ecim

en f

rom

Kin

abal

u

raffl

esii

w

ithou

t lo

calit

y da

ta

Red

-thr

oate

d B

arbe

t M

egal

aim

a

500

1061

51

3 10

02

1380

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

also

a

mys

taco

phan

os

doub

tful

rec

ord

from

the

Kin

abal

u Pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

area

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

; ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a

Mou

ntai

n B

arbe

t M

egal

aim

a

700

2182

10

02

2085

75

0–22

00

sigh

t re

cord

at

700

m

1002

–162

0 m

(JB

CH

); r

ecen

t re

cord

s (n

o ph

otog

raph

s)

mon

ticol

a

(B

iun,

199

9)

from

208

5 an

d 26

00 m

on

sum

mit

trai

l, Ju

n.20

11

(S

. T. Y

eo, p

ers.

com

m.;

L. H

ardi

ng, B

IW;

J. H

ardi

ng,

AK

N);

We

cons

ider

the

260

0 m

rec

ord

to b

e

un

confi

rm

ed u

ntil

deta

ils b

ecom

e av

aila

ble.

Yel

low

-cro

wne

d

Meg

alai

ma

10

61

500

894

1220

645–

894

m (

JBC

H);

rec

ord

from

beh

ind

foot

ball

pitc

hB

arbe

t he

nric

ii

ne

ar P

orin

g he

adqu

arte

rs (

Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en a

s 50

0 m

)

Gol

den-

nape

d

Meg

alai

ma

909

3182

14

65

2613

**

600–

3200

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

Mes

ilau

head

quar

ters

(JB

CH

)B

arbe

t pu

lche

rrim

a

216


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Blu

e-ea

red

Bar

bet

Meg

alai

ma

30

3 10

61

516

927

1065

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ra

nge

au

stra

lis

from

JB

CH

dat

a

Bor

nean

Bar

bet†

M

egal

aim

a

560

2121

60

0 18

00**

42

5–21

40

“app

ears

to

be r

are”

Po

ring

, 600

m (

Edw

ards

, 200

8, X

eno

Can

to);

see

n at

ex

imia

(Jen

kins

et

al.,

1996

); c

anop

y

Pori

ng (

Dob

bs, 2

008;

Hut

chin

son,

201

1);

hear

d in

w

alkw

ay, P

orin

g (V

erm

eule

n,

Kin

abal

u Pa

rk (

Bis

hop,

201

0);

“hig

h on

the

[w

ater

fall]

19

96;

take

n to

be

560

m)

trai

l at

Por

ing”

(H

arra

p, 2

011)

; 90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p

(M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; km

1.8

and

abo

ve o

n

w

ater

fall

trai

l (J

AE

; c.

800

–100

0 m

); p

hoto

grap

hed

at

c.

180

0 m

, Jun

.201

1 (S

. T. Y

eo a

nd L

. Har

ding

, AK

N,

2011

; pe

rs. c

omm

.)

Bro

wn

Bar

bet

Cal

orha

mph

us

303

1061

50

0 10

00

1450

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

fu

ligin

osus

he

adqu

arte

rs (

Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

be 5

00 m

); P

orin

g

(N

ewnh

am, 2

007;

Gur

ney,

201

0);

com

mon

at

Pori

ng u

p

to

wat

erfa

ll (J

AE

; 50

0–10

00 m

)

PIC

IFO

RM

ES:

Ind

icat

orid

ae

Mal

aysi

an

Indi

cato

r

700

800

500

13

00

sigh

t re

cord

at

700

m

seve

ral

sigh

tings

bef

ore

2008

nea

r Po

ring

can

opy

Hon

eygu

ide

arch

ipel

agic

us

(B

iun,

199

9);

high

er e

leva

tions

w

alkw

ay (fi d

e JA

E),

juv

enile

see

n c.

200

7 at

Bro

wn

of

Por

ing

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

B

arbe

t co

lony

nea

r Po

ring

res

ort,

c. 5

00 m

ta

ken

to b

e c.

800

m)

(K. B

arne

s pe

rs. c

omm

.)

PIC

IFO

RM

ES:

Pic

idae

[Spe

ckle

d P

icul

et]

Pic

umnu

s

10

00

up t

o 12

20 o

n

near

Lan

gana

n w

ater

fall,

Por

ing

(Har

rap,

201

0; t

aken

to

in

nom

inat

us

Mt.

Mag

dale

na,

be

c. 1

000

m)

usua

lly i

n hi

lly c

ount

ry

Ruf

ous

Picu

let

Sasi

a ab

norm

is

303

700

560

900

1590

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

seen

at

2 km

mar

k on

Lan

gana

n w

ater

fall

trai

l (L

ow, 2

007;

tak

en t

o be

c. 9

00 m

); 8

26 m

(JB

CH

); b

at c

ave,

645

m, m

ale

mak

ing

a ho

le f

or 1

h w

ith f

emal

e ne

arby

in

2009

(JA

E);

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m, O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

Gre

y-an

d-B

uff

H

emic

ircu

s 50

0 55

0

15

30

Pori

ng;

1981

, 198

5; 1

981

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; se

en a

tW

oodp

ecke

r co

ncre

tus

reco

rd a

t ho

t po

ols

clea

ring

Po

ring

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

(P

hilli

ps, 1

986)

and

198

5 in

fore

st “

just

abo

ve t

he p

ools

”

(tak

en t

o be

500

–550

m)

Gre

y-ca

pped

D

endr

ocop

os

606

909

500

600

1700

hear

d at

Por

ing

(Bis

hop,

201

0, h

iked

to

abov

e ba

t ca

ve;

Woo

dpec

ker

cani

capi

llus

take

n to

be

c. 6

00 m

); P

orin

g, c

. 500

m

(Wat

son,

201

0, A

KN

); P

orin

g (M

yers

, 201

1)

Ban

ded

Woo

dpec

ker

Chr

ysop

hleg

ma

30

3 93

9 50

0 80

0 16

75

ne

ar K

ipun

git

wat

erfa

ll (W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

, 200

1;

min

iace

um

take

n to

be

565

m);

nea

r Po

ring

hea

dqua

rter

s

(L

ow, 2

007;

tak

en t

o be

500

m);

Por

ing

(Val

entin

e

&

Thu

rmila

ngan

, 200

8b);

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en

to

be

560

m, O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW);

Po

ring

, 800

m (

JAE

)

217


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Che

cker

-thr

oate

d

Chr

ysop

hleg

ma

545

1667

60

0 19

00*

to a

t le

ast

1835

, al

so R

anau

; so

mew

here

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

past

Woo

dpec

ker

men

tale

pe

rhap

s to

216

0 on

be

twee

n K

inab

alu

Park

K

ipun

git

wat

erfa

ll (L

ow, 2

007;

tak

en t

o be

c. 6

00 m

);

M

t. T

rus

Mad

i he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd T

impo

hon

Pori

ng (

Shac

kelf

ord,

200

7);

1450

–190

0 m

(A

JB);

ga

te (

Rob

erso

n, 1

988,

AK

N)

Mes

ilau,

Sep

.200

9 (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

Cri

mso

n-w

inge

d

Pic

us p

unic

eus

606

1667

50

0 15

75

1700

al

so R

anau

; so

mew

here

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Kia

u vi

ewW

oodp

ecke

r

be

twee

n K

inab

alu

Park

tr

ail

(Hal

l &

Kro

ll, 2

004)

; Po

ring

(Sh

acke

lfor

d, 2

007)

;

head

quar

ters

and

Tim

poho

n M

t. K

inab

alu

(Har

rap,

201

0);

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

ga

te (

Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N)

Kin

abal

u Pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te

(Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

); 9

00–1

000

m a

t Sa

yap

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0);

rece

nt r

ecor

ds f

rom

Por

ing

head

quar

ters

(JA

E;

500

m);

Mem

peni

ng t

rail,

tak

en t

o

be

c. 1

575

(S. T

. Yeo

, BIW

, May

201

1)

Oliv

e-ba

cked

D

inop

ium

60

6

560

15

90

also

at

Ran

au

seen

at

Pori

ng (

Hor

nbuc

kle,

200

5; M

athe

ve e

t al

., 20

08;

Woo

dpec

ker

raffl

esii

E

aton

, 201

0 O

ct);

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m,

Sep.

2009

(C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

Mar

oon

Woo

dpec

ker

Bly

thip

icus

70

0 21

00

530

1921

**

1800

ra

nge

from

Biu

n (1

999)

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

rang

e

rubi

gino

sus

from

JB

CH

dat

a; 9

00–1

000

m a

t Sa

yap

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0)

Ora

nge-

back

ed

Rei

nwar

dtip

icus

1561

81

8 19

00*

to 1

985

on M

t. M

urud

, br

eedi

ng n

ear

Mt.

Kin

abal

u 25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Mes

ilau

Woo

dpec

ker

valid

us

Sara

wak

, at

1530

on

head

quar

ters

(ne

stlin

g

(Kio

ng, 2

007,

OB

I; t

aken

to

be c

. 190

0 m

); u

ncom

mon

Mt.

Kin

abal

u ob

serv

ed)(

Phill

ips,

198

6)

1450

–190

0 m

(A

JB);

818

m (

JBC

H);

900

–100

0 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; re

gula

rly

seen

at

Mes

ilau

car

park

, 200

9–20

10 (

JAE

; 19

00 m

)

Ruf

ous

Woo

dpec

ker†

M

icro

pter

nus

70

0 16

00

500

600*

* to

181

8 in

Sab

ah

1600

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

; hi

gher

ne

ar K

ipun

git

wat

erfa

ll (W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

, 200

1; t

aken

br

achy

urus

(G

ore

1968

)

elev

atio

ns a

t Po

ring

to

be

565

m);

Por

ing

(Val

entin

e &

Thu

rmila

ngan

, 200

8a);

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5; t

aken

to

Pori

ng (

Bis

hop,

201

0, o

nly

hike

d to

abo

ve b

at c

ave;

be

c. 8

00 m

) ta

ken

to b

e c.

600

m);

c. 5

00 m

at

Pori

ng

(Wat

son,

201

0, A

KN

)

Buf

f-ru

mpe

d M

eigl

ypte

s tr

istis

50

0 56

3 to

765

, pos

sibl

y to

25

00 f

t, N

alum

ad o

n th

e ea

st

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ne

arW

oodp

ecke

r

1100

si

de o

f K

inab

alu;

als

o

wat

erfa

ll at

Por

ing

(Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

be c

. 950

m);

co

llect

ed a

t R

anau

; Po

ring

Po

ring

(V

alen

tine

& T

hurm

ilang

an, 2

008a

, 200

8b);

(V

erm

eule

n, 1

996)

Po

ring

car

par

k (E

aton

, 200

9, M

ay;

take

n to

be

500

m);

cano

py w

alkw

ay, t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

, Oct

.201

0

(L

. S. N

i, J.

Ong

, BIW

); 5

63 m

(JB

CH

)

Buf

f-ne

cked

M

eigl

ypte

s tu

kki

303

700

63

0 12

25

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

,W

oodp

ecke

r

<1.5

km

up

Lan

gana

n w

ater

fall

trai

l (A

ddis

on, 2

002;

take

n to

be

c. 6

00 m

); s

een

at P

orin

g

(V

alen

tine

& T

hurm

ilang

an, 2

008a

); b

elow

bat

cav

e,

c.

630

m, P

orin

g (F

. Rhe

indt

, Jul

.201

0, p

ers.

com

m.)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Eur

ylai

mid

ae

Gre

en B

road

bill

Cal

ypto

men

a

700

1212

56

0 90

0 ge

nera

lly b

elow

700

at

Por

ing

1986

, 198

9, 1

990

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

clos

e vi

ews

vi

ridi

s

bu

t oc

casi

onal

ly a

s (B

atch

elor

, 199

1);

700

m

at P

orin

g (S

hack

elfo

rd, 2

007)

; 2

km u

p w

ater

fall

trai

l

hi

gh a

s 13

00

(Biu

n, 1

999)

(L

ow, 2

007;

tak

en t

o be

c. 9

00 m

); c

anop

y w

alkw

ay a

t

Pori

ng (

Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

560

m)

218


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Hos

e’s

Bro

adbi

ll C

alyp

tom

ena

70

0 79

5 55

0 97

5 16

80

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

; 79

5 m

se

en a

t Po

ring

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005;

Eat

on, 2

008,

Oct

and

ho

sii

at

Por

ing

(Sm

ythi

es, 1

981

in

seve

ral

othe

r tr

ip r

epor

ts);

2.7

km

up

wat

erfa

ll tr

ail

M

ann,

200

8)

(Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

c. 9

50 m

); r

ange

fro

m J

AE

Whi

tehe

ad’s

Bro

adbi

ll C

alyp

tom

ena

70

0 16

67

700

1900

* to

185

0 on

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

1450

–190

0 m

(A

JB);

151

6–15

50 m

(JB

CH

); 2

.7 k

m u

p

whi

tehe

adi

Mt.

Tru

s M

adi,

to

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

park

w

ater

fall

trai

l (D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to

be c

. 950

m);

1700

on

Mt.

Kin

abal

u he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd T

impo

hon

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; 70

0 m

,

gate

(B

ono,

199

7, A

KN

); a

lso

Ju

n.20

02, O

ct.2

008

(JA

E)

eg

gs a

t K

iau

Bla

ck-a

nd-R

ed

Cym

birh

ynch

us

500

972

530

to

at

leas

t 90

0 co

mm

on a

t Po

ring

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; se

en a

tB

road

bill

mac

rorh

ynch

os

(J

enki

ns e

t al

., 19

96);

als

o

Pori

ng b

athi

ng a

rea

(Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

530

m);

co

llect

ed a

t K

aung

; lo

wer

se

ems

to n

o lo

nger

be

com

mon

at

Pori

ng

elev

atio

ns a

t Po

ring

(W

all

&

Y

ong,

198

5);

at l

east

up

to

K

ipun

git

wat

erfa

ll in

199

0

(Bat

chel

or, 1

991)

Lon

g-ta

iled

Bro

adbi

ll†

Psa

riso

mus

90

9 16

67

15

00**

90

0–17

00

14 s

peci

men

s co

llect

ed f

rom

ne

stin

g at

150

0 m

in

2010

(A

JB);

900

–100

0 m

at

Saya

p

dalh

ousi

ae

30

00–4

500

ft b

efor

e 19

78

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0);

Lan

gana

n w

ater

fall

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be c

. 100

0 m

)

Ban

ded

Bro

adbi

ll E

uryl

aim

us

303

600

500

843

1220

he

ard

low

er e

leva

tions

of

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

;

java

nicu

s

Pori

ng (

Wal

& Y

ong,

198

5;

572–

843

m (

JBC

H);

500

–750

m (

JAE

)

take

n to

be

600

m)

Bla

ck-a

nd-Y

ello

w

Eur

ylai

mus

30

3 70

0 53

0 15

47*

at l

east

180

0

also

Kun

dasa

ng 4

300

ft;

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

Bro

adbi

ll oc

hrom

alus

Ran

au;

Pori

ng (

Jenk

ins

et a

l.,

(Val

entin

e &

Thu

rmila

ngan

, 200

8a a

nd o

ther

s);

arou

nd

1996

), l

ower

ele

vatio

ns o

f

bath

s at

Por

ing

(Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

530

m);

Po

ring

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5);

83

2–15

47 m

(JB

CH

; he

ard

at 1

547

m);

c. 1

000

m a

bove

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Mon

ggis

, Tam

buyu

kon

Jun.

2011

(A

JB)

Dus

ky B

road

bill

Cor

ydon

60

0 18

18

to a

t le

ast

1220

, onc

e lo

wer

ele

vatio

ns o

f Po

ring

se

en o

n w

ater

fall

trai

l at

Por

ing

(Whi

te &

Cla

rke,

200

3);

su

mat

ranu

s

at

160

0, p

ossi

bly

to

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en

past

Kip

ungi

t w

ater

fall

1835

to

be

600

m);

tw

o at

Por

ing

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be c

. 600

m)

(V

erm

eule

n, 1

996)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Pitt

idae

Gia

nt P

itta

Hyd

rorn

is

700

750

1525

fem

ale

seen

ver

y w

ell

by M

athe

ve e

t al

. (20

08)

and

ca

erul

eus

F. V

erbe

len

(als

o 20

08)

at 1

.4 k

m m

arke

r, c.

700

m;

hear

d

si

ngin

g at

750

m a

t Po

ring

, May

201

1 (9

9% p

roba

bilit

y)

(A

JB)

Blu

e-he

aded

Pitt

a H

ydro

rnis

bau

dii

to 6

10, p

ossi

bly

to

sigh

t re

cord

fro

m P

orin

g by

1200

“P

eter

s” (

Jenk

ins

et a

l., 1

996)

Bor

nean

Ban

ded

H

ydro

rnis

60

0 15

15

600

750

1680

he

ard

at l

ower

and

upp

er

hear

d fr

om c

anop

y w

alkw

ay (

Pori

ng),

see

n 1.

8 km

alo

ngPi

tta

schw

aner

i

elev

atio

ns o

f Po

ring

w

ater

fall

trai

l an

d ne

ar w

ater

fall

(Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5; t

aken

to

to b

e 56

0, c

. 800

and

c. 9

50 m

, res

pect

ivel

y);

1–2

mal

es

be 6

00 a

nd 8

00 m

) al

ong

Lan

gana

n tr

ail

(Ben

stea

d, 2

004)

; Po

ring

, 600

m

(E

dwar

ds, 2

008,

Xen

o C

anto

); w

ater

fall

trai

l

(E

aton

, 200

8);

Pori

ng (

Hut

chin

son,

200

8 Ju

n, J

ul);

m

ale

seen

, 750

m (

JAE

)

219


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Blu

e-ba

nded

Pitt

a E

ryth

ropi

tta

606

1212

56

0 96

0 15

0–15

20

km

2.9

on

Lan

gana

n tr

ail

(Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

ar

quat

a

c.

960

m);

Por

ing,

c. 5

60 m

(B

row

n, 2

011,

AK

N);

782

m

(J

BC

H)

Bla

ck-c

row

ned

Pitt

a E

ryth

ropi

tta

none

giv

en

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

two

seen

us

sher

i

at

Por

ing,

c. 5

60 m

(B

arne

s, 2

005,

AK

N)

Blu

e-w

inge

d Pi

tta

Pitt

a

15

75

1800

se

en a

t Ten

ompo

k pa

ss 4

800

ft

mol

ucce

nsis

(mig

rant

); d

ead

bird

s co

llect

ed

at p

ark

head

quar

ters

in

Apr

an

d O

ct

PASS

ER

IFO

MR

ES:

Aca

nthi

zida

e

Gol

den-

belli

ed

Ger

ygon

e

50

0 56

0 17

00

rare

. Spe

cim

en f

rom

“lo

wer

se

en o

n K

inab

alu

(Bis

hop,

200

7);

hear

d an

d se

en f

airl

yG

eryg

one

sulp

hure

a

slop

es o

f K

inab

alu”

fr

eque

ntly

in

Kin

abal

u Pa

rk (

Bis

hop,

201

0);

Pori

ng,

(J

enki

ns&

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

c.

500

m (

Wat

son,

201

1, A

KN

); c

anop

y w

alkw

ay, t

aken

to b

e 56

0 m

, Sep

.200

9 (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

PASS

ER

IFO

MR

ES:

Tep

hrod

orni

thid

ae

Bar

-win

ged

H

emip

us p

icat

us

700

1515

53

0 15

47

Mos

tly 7

50 t

o 18

35,

Sila

u Si

lau

trai

l, c.

500

0 ft

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

rang

eFl

ycat

cher

-shr

ike

oc

casi

onal

ly b

elow

(1

515

m)

in 1

989

(Bat

chel

or,

from

JB

CH

dat

a

15

0

1991

); 7

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Bla

ck-w

inge

d

Hem

ipus

60

0 70

0 50

0 56

0 12

00

colle

cted

at

Ran

au;

low

er

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Pori

ngFl

ycat

cher

-shr

ike

hiru

ndin

aceu

s

elev

atio

ns o

f Po

ring

(B

arne

s, 2

009)

; ne

ar P

orin

g he

adqu

arte

rs

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5; t

aken

(H

arra

p, 2

011;

tak

en t

o be

500

m);

can

opy

wal

kway

,

to b

e 60

0 m

); 7

00 m

ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

, Sep

.200

9 (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Lar

ge W

oods

hrik

e Te

phro

dorn

is

90

9 80

0 90

0 11

50

Pori

ng, 1

986,

198

8 c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; 2

km a

long

vi

rgat

us

(B

atch

elor

, 199

1);

Pori

ng

wat

erfa

ll tr

ail

(Low

, 200

7; t

aken

to

be 9

00 m

); P

orin

g

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6)

(New

nham

, 200

7);

800

m, P

orin

g (J

AE

)

Ruf

ous-

win

ged

P

hile

ntom

a 50

0

1530

ne

tted

at P

orin

g, c

. 160

0 ft

in

tere

stin

g th

at t

here

are

no

rece

nt r

ecor

dsPh

ilent

oma

pyrh

opte

ra

in

197

1

Mar

oon-

brea

sted

P

hile

ntom

a 54

5 15

00

80

0 15

30

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

park

ca

nopy

wal

kway

, Por

ing

(Gab

riel

sen,

200

5, O

BI;

tak

enPh

ilent

oma

vela

ta

he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd T

impo

hon

to b

e 56

0 m

); P

orin

g (M

athe

ve e

t al

., 20

08);

800

m (

JAE

)

gate

(R

ober

son,

198

8, A

KN

);

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Art

amid

ae

Whi

te-b

reas

ted

A

rtam

us

333

15

75

1900

20

00

alon

g ro

adsi

des

in P

orin

g an

d se

en a

t 19

00 m

on

Mt.

Kin

abal

u (S

held

on &

Moy

le,

Woo

dsw

allo

w

leuc

oryn

chus

Ran

au (

Bat

chel

or, 1

991)

20

08);

see

n fr

om K

iau

Vie

w (

taki

ng t

herm

als

up f

rom

open

cou

ntry

) an

d ov

er p

ark

head

quar

ters

(D

obbs

, 200

8;

ta

ken

to b

e 15

75 m

); M

esila

u ve

geta

ble

gard

en n

ear

Buk

it B

abi,

Apr

.201

1 (A

B)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Aeg

ithin

idae

Com

mon

Ior

a A

egith

ina

tiphi

a 50

0

560

61

0 co

llect

ed a

t R

anau

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

(Bar

nes,

200

9);

cano

py w

alkw

ay, t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

,

O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

220


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Gre

en I

ora

Aeg

ithin

a

500

850

1220

uppe

r bo

unda

ry w

ith a

n au

dio

reco

rdin

g (J

BC

H);

vi

ridi

ssim

a

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Pori

ng

(B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

200

1; R

hein

dt, 2

003;

Val

entin

e

&

Thu

rmila

ngan

, 200

8a;

Bar

nes,

200

9; L

ambe

rt &

Yon

g,

20

10);

nea

r Po

ring

HQ

(H

arra

p, 2

011;

tak

en t

o be

500

m)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Cam

peph

agid

ae

Sund

a C

ucko

o-sh

rike

C

orac

ina

larv

ata

909

1970

14

50

2040

70

0–25

50

up t

o at

lea

st 6

500

ft (

1970

m)

1450

–190

0 (A

JB);

204

0 m

on

Mt.

Kin

abal

u (N

. Ath

anas

,

and

“alo

ng p

ower

sta

tion

road

” 20

08, X

eno

Can

to);

“gr

eate

r th

an 2

000

m o

n su

mm

it

in 1

989

(Bat

chel

or, 1

991)

tr

ail”

(ta

ken

to b

e c.

205

0 m

but

Xen

o C

anto

rec

ord

mor

e ac

cura

te)

and

c. 1

900

m a

t M

esila

u

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N)

Bar

-bel

lied

C

orac

ina

stri

ata

560

1212

12

50

seen

at

Pori

ng b

y “B

erw

ick

inte

rest

ing

that

the

re a

re n

o re

cent

rec

ords

Cuc

koo-

shri

ke

& L

athb

ury”

(Je

nkin

s &

de S

ilva,

197

8);

to 4

000

ft

on

Kin

abal

u (S

myt

hies

, 195

9

in J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

;

cano

py w

alkw

ay, P

orin

g

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6; t

aken

to

be

560

m)

Les

ser

Cuc

koo-

shri

ke

Cor

acin

a

909

10

36

ca

nopy

wal

kway

(R

hein

dt, 2

003;

tak

en t

o be

560

m);

at

fi m

bria

ta

Pori

ng (

one

bird

on

two

days

)(N

ewnh

am, 2

007)

Fier

y M

iniv

et

Per

icro

cotu

s

550

to

600

st

atus

unc

erta

in-n

o lo

calit

y ne

ar P

orin

g he

adqu

arte

rs (

Add

ison

, 200

2);

fem

ale

seen

ig

neus

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

01)

data

for

tw

o sp

ecim

ens

wel

l at

fru

iting

tre

e at

550

m, P

orin

g (D

obbs

, 200

8)

Gre

y-ch

inne

d

Per

icro

cotu

s

909

2600

15

04

2456

**

650–

2440

16

00–2

600

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a; 9

00–1

000

m a

t Sa

yap

Min

ivet

so

lari

s

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0);

Mes

ilau,

Dec

.200

8

(C

. Lee

and

S. T

. Yeo

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

Scar

let

Min

ivet

P

eric

roco

tus

70

0 12

12

560

to

at

leas

t 13

00

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

; at

Por

ing

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Pori

ng,

sp

ecio

sus

in

198

6 an

d 19

89 (

Bat

chel

or,

“alo

ng u

pper

tra

il” (

Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

be a

t le

ast

19

91)

800

m);

a g

roup

at

Pori

ng (

Woo

ds, 2

008)

; 90

0–10

00 m

at S

ayap

(M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; ca

nopy

wal

kway

,

ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

, Oct

.201

0 (L

. S. N

i, J.

Ong

, BIW

)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Pac

hyce

phal

idae

Bor

nean

Whi

stle

r P

achy

ceph

ala

90

9 31

00

1450

25

97**

29

20

mor

e co

mm

on a

t hi

gher

br

eeds

dow

n to

145

0 m

(A

JB);

150

6–25

97 m

(JB

CH

);

hypo

xant

ha

el

evat

ions

; ne

tted

1600

–310

0

Mes

ilau,

Dec

.200

8 (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Lan

iidae

Tig

er S

hrik

e La

nius

tig

rinu

s

13

00

sigh

t re

cord

s fr

om R

anau

Bro

wn

Shri

ke

Lani

us c

rist

atus

17

00

colle

cted

on

Kin

abal

u at

low

Po

ring

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

altit

udes

Lon

g-ta

iled

Shri

ke

Lani

us s

chac

h

no

ne g

iven

on h

illsi

de j

ust

belo

w t

he K

inab

alu

Her

itage

Res

ort

(Kam

pung

Sin

isia

n), 1

320

m, 2

009–

2011

(A

JB);

on

pow

erlin

es “

near

Mes

ilau”

(M

yers

, 201

0, J

ul;

take

n to

be

at

leas

t 17

00 m

); b

etw

een

Kun

dasa

ng a

nd M

esila

u,

pair

, cal

ling,

May

200

9, a

gain

Nov

.201

0, s

eem

s to

ref

er

to r

ace

nasu

tus

(JA

E)

221


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Vir

eoni

dae

Whi

te-b

ellie

d

Erp

orni

s

700

1515

51

6 18

00*

sea

leve

l to

ove

r 70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

516–

1500

m (

JBC

H);

unc

omm

on t

o at

lea

st 1

800

mE

rpor

nis

zant

hole

uca

1750

(AJB

)

Bly

th’s

Shr

ike

P

teru

thiu

s 12

12

3030

15

10

3003

75

0–31

00

tw

o po

ssib

ly d

oubt

ful

reco

rds

from

low

ele

vatio

ns a

tB

abbl

er

aera

latu

s

Po

ring

: c.

500

m (

Wat

son,

201

0, A

KN

), “

seen

ver

y ni

cely

from

the

can

opy

wal

kway

” (B

isho

p, 2

010;

tak

en t

o be

560

m);

ran

ge f

rom

JB

CH

dat

a; M

esila

u

he

adqu

arte

rs (

JBC

H)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Ori

olid

ae

Dar

k-th

roat

ed

Ori

olus

30

0 80

0 51

6 56

3 to

at

leas

t 13

15

Ran

au;

not

foun

d ab

ove

300

m

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ra

nge

Ori

ole

xant

hono

tus

by

Whi

tehe

ad;

low

er a

nd

from

JB

CH

dat

a

high

er e

leva

tions

of

Pori

ng

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5; t

aken

to

be

600

and

800

m)

Bla

ck-n

aped

O

riol

us c

hine

nsis

60

6

eith

er a

rar

e re

side

nt

colle

cted

in

1893

at

Kam

pung

Ori

ole

or

an

esca

pee;

no

Mel

angk

ap a

t 20

00 f

t,

m

axim

um g

iven

K

inab

alu;

sta

tus

unkn

own

Bla

ck-a

nd-c

rim

son

Ori

olus

cru

entu

s 70

0 16

00

900

1900

* er

rone

ousl

y ci

tes

788–

1575

m, c

omm

on a

roun

d 25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

km 2

.1 o

nO

riol

e

Jenk

ins

and

de S

ilva

park

hea

dqua

rter

s L

anga

nan

trai

l (D

obbs

, 200

8; c

. 900

m);

145

1–17

79 m

(197

8) a

s sa

ying

“to

(J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

; (J

BC

H);

rar

e to

190

0 m

(A

JB);

Mes

ilau

Jul–

Aug

.200

5

18

35 o

n K

inab

alu”

;

700–

1600

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

; (S

. Won

g, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

to 2

300

on T

rus

Mad

i; so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk

dow

n to

600

he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd T

impo

hon

ga

te (

Rob

erso

n, 1

988,

AK

N;

Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Dic

ruri

dae

Ash

y D

rong

o D

icru

rus

50

0 26

00

1575

20

52**

15

0–22

00 o

r po

ssib

ly

also

rec

orde

d at

Kia

u (e

ggs)

; Po

ring

(N

ewnh

am, 2

007;

Har

rap,

201

1);

grea

ter

than

le

ucop

haeu

s

24

00

Pori

ng c

. 975

m (

Nez

adal

, 199

1,

2000

m o

n su

mm

it tr

ail

(Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

);

AK

N);

700

–260

0 m

17

62–2

052

m (

JBC

H);

bre

d at

hea

dqua

rter

s, c

. 157

5 m

(B

iun

1999

) (A

JB);

man

y tim

es a

t M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs (

JAE

);

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

Cro

w-b

illed

Dro

ngo

Dic

ruru

s

700

1600

1575

up

to

c. 6

00

colle

cted

at

Pori

ng;

Kin

abal

u c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; cl

eari

ng

anne

ctan

s

“low

alti

tude

”; 7

00 m

, net

ted

c. 5

00 m

alo

ng L

anga

nan

wat

erfa

ll tr

ail

at

160

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

(Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

be c

. 600

m e

leva

tion)

;

pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

May

200

8 (N

. Abg

hani

, BIW

,

acce

pted

; ta

ken

to b

e c.

157

5 m

)

Bro

nzed

Dro

ngo

Dic

ruru

s ae

neus

50

0 80

0

95

0 ne

tted

at P

orin

g; h

ighe

r c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

el

evat

ions

of

Pori

ng

(Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001)

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en t

o

be 8

00 m

); 7

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

222


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Hai

r-cr

este

d D

rong

o D

icru

rus

70

0 20

50

500

2050

17

00

758–

1575

m o

vera

ll, e

ggs

at

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

ho

ttent

ottu

s

Kau

ng, r

ecor

ded

from

Pin

osuk

(R

oadh

ouse

, 200

9);

Pori

ng c

. 500

m

Plat

eau

(Jen

kins

& d

e Si

lva,

(W

atso

n, 2

010,

AK

N);

Por

ing

c. 5

60 m

19

78);

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

(B

row

n, 2

011,

AK

N);

see

n 30

0 m

up

sum

mit

trai

l fr

om

park

hea

dqua

rter

s an

d

Tim

poho

n ga

te, c

. 205

0 m

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N;

T

impo

hon

gate

(R

ober

son,

L

. Har

ding

, per

s. c

omm

.);

bred

at

1900

m (

AJB

)

1988

, AK

N;

Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N);

(A

JB)

927–

1568

m (

JBC

H);

900

–100

0 m

at

Saya

p

grea

ter

than

200

0 m

on

the

(Moy

le&

She

ldon

, 200

0)

sum

mit

trai

l (R

ober

son,

198

8,

AK

N;

take

n to

be

2050

m);

700

,

1600

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

Gre

ater

Rac

ket-

taile

d

Dic

ruru

s 50

0 97

5 53

0 80

0 65

0 K

ampu

ng N

alum

ad;

uppe

r c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; 53

0–56

3 m

Dro

ngo

para

dise

us

el

evat

ions

of

Pori

ng

(JB

CH

); r

egul

arly

to

c. 8

00 m

on

Lan

gana

n tr

ail

(JA

E)

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5; t

aken

to b

e 80

0 m

); P

orin

g c.

975

m

(N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Rhi

pidu

rida

e

Whi

te-t

hroa

ted

R

hipi

dura

80

0 31

00

975

3290

* 70

0-27

50

909–

2727

m (

Jenk

ins

&

1508

–329

0 m

(JB

CH

); M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs (

JBC

H);

Fant

ail

albi

colli

s

de S

ilva,

197

8);

1600

–310

0 m

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

;

(Biu

n, 1

999)

; co

mm

on a

roun

d

c. 2

00 m

bel

ow L

anga

nan

wat

erfa

ll

park

hea

dqua

rter

s; a

lso

seen

(D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to

be c

. 975

m)

at

hig

her

elev

atio

ns o

f Po

ring

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en t

o

be c

. 800

m)

Pied

Fan

tail

Rhi

pidu

ra

300

15

30

also

Por

ing

and

at 5

000

ft

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4)

java

nica

on P

inos

uk p

late

au

Spot

ted

Fant

ail

Rhi

pidu

ra

500

1606

16

80

Po

ring

(H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

; ab

ove

Mon

ggis

, Tam

buyu

kon,

pe

rlat

a

c.

800

m, J

un.2

011

(AJB

)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Mon

arch

idae

Bla

ck-n

aped

H

ypot

hym

is

303

1212

56

0 98

4 12

20

also

Nal

umad

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

cano

pyM

onar

ch

azur

ea

wal

kway

at

Pori

ng (

Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

560

m);

624–

984

m (

JBC

H)

Asi

an P

arad

ise

Terp

siph

one

50

0 70

0 64

0 98

4 14

32

also

at

4000

ft

on r

oad

to

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

just

bel

owFl

ycat

cher

pa

radi

si

K

inab

alu

Park

fro

m K

ota

ba

t ca

ve (

Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

c. 6

40 m

);

Kin

abal

u; R

anau

; 70

0 m

98

4 m

(JB

CH

)

(Biu

n, 1

999)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Cor

vida

e

Cre

sted

Jay

P

laty

loph

us

500

1303

51

0 98

4 16

80

com

mon

ly s

een

at P

orin

g c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ra

nge

from

ga

leri

cula

tus

JBC

H d

ata;

man

y tr

ip r

epor

t re

cord

s fr

om P

orin

g;

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

Bla

ck M

agpi

e P

laty

smur

us

303

800

1065

“s

peci

men

at

near

ly 1

000

ft”;

pa

st K

ipun

git

wat

erfa

ll (R

hein

dt, 2

003;

tak

en t

o be

le

ucop

teru

s

low

er a

nd h

ighe

r el

evat

ions

of

c.

600

m);

Por

ing

(Hor

nbuc

kle,

200

5;

Po

ring

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5;

Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

)

take

n to

be

600

and

800

m)

223


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Com

mon

Gre

en

Cis

sa c

hine

nsis

30

3 15

15

to 1

530

or 2

150

303–

1515

m, a

lso

at K

iau

at M

t. K

inab

alu

(in

betw

een

HQ

and

T g

ate)

: “l

onge

r ta

ilM

agpi

e

(e

ggs)

(Je

nkin

s &

de

Silv

a,

with

bla

ck a

nd w

hite

edg

ings

cle

arly

dif

fere

ntia

ted

it

1978

); 7

00 m

, net

ted

at

from

the

pre

viou

s sp

ecie

s [C

. tha

lass

ina]

” (W

alla

ce &

21

00 m

(no

pho

togr

aph)

W

alla

ce, 2

001)

; M

t. K

inab

alu

(Hal

l &

Kro

ll, 2

004)

;

(Biu

n, 1

999)

be

twee

n he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd T

impo

hon

gate

(B

row

n, 2

011,

A

KN

; ta

ken

to p

ossi

bly

be d

oubt

ful)

; ne

ar R

ajah

Lod

ge,

park

hea

dqua

rter

s ar

ea, A

ug.2

008

(A. H

. Pen

g, B

IW,

acce

pted

; po

ssib

ly d

oubt

ful,

appa

rent

ly n

o ph

otog

raph

);

do

ubtf

ul r

ecor

ds f

rom

Mes

ilau,

Apr

.200

6

(R

. Teo

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

Shor

t-ta

iled

Gre

en

Cis

sa t

hala

ssin

a 90

9 26

00

1508

20

16**

30

5–27

35

2600

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a, p

roba

bly

hear

d do

wn

to 9

61 m

Mag

pie

(J

BC

H);

300

m f

rom

Mes

ilau

head

quar

ters

alo

ng M

esila

u

tr

ail

May

200

9 (J

AE

)

Bor

nean

Tre

epie

D

endr

ocitt

a

303

2900

70

0 23

00**

30

5–29

00, o

ccas

iona

lly

com

mon

fro

m 2

700–

7000

ft

894–

2284

m (

JBC

H);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

ci

nera

scen

s

m

uch

low

er (

Smyt

hies

,

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2004

); 9

00–1

000

m a

t Sa

yap

1957

, 198

1 in

Man

n,

(M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; au

dio

reco

rdin

g fr

om

20

08)

c.

230

0 m

, Aug

.201

0 (P

. C. R

asm

usse

n, A

VoC

et);

Mes

ilau,

Sep

.200

9 (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d);

regu

lar

dow

n to

700

m a

t Po

ring

(JA

E)

Slen

der-

bille

d C

row

C

orvu

s en

ca

303

10

65

Whi

tehe

ad s

peci

men

fro

m

10

00 f

t; al

so P

orin

g

(Jen

kins

& d

e Si

lva,

197

8)

Lar

ge-b

illed

Cro

w

Cor

vus

st

atus

unk

now

n st

atus

unk

now

n, c

olle

cted

on

m

acro

rhyn

chos

Kin

abal

u by

Eve

rett

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Eup

etid

ae

Rai

l-ba

bble

r E

upet

es

90

9

21

35

abov

e Po

ring

at

3000

ft

m

acro

ceru

s

(909

m; W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Ste

nost

irid

ae

Gre

y-he

aded

C

ulic

icap

a 90

9 16

67

700

1533

**

to 1

700

at

Por

ing

(“on

ly h

iked

to

abov

e ba

t ca

ve”,

so

take

n to

Can

ary-fl y

catc

her

ceyl

onen

sis†

be

< 7

00 m

; B

isho

p 20

10);

c. 5

00 m

at

Pori

ng

(W

atso

n, 2

010,

AK

N);

782

–153

3 m

(JB

CH

); 9

00–1

000

m

at

Say

ap (

Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Pyc

nono

tidae

Stra

w-h

eade

d B

ulbu

l P

ycno

notu

s

500

975

1500

eg

gs a

t K

iau;

9 a

t Po

ring

se

en n

ear

park

hea

dqua

rter

s, 1

600

m, A

pr.2

011

ze

ylan

icus

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6);

(AB

; po

ssib

ly a

n es

cape

e);

appe

ars

to h

ave

been

c. 9

75 m

at

Pori

ng

extir

pate

d fr

om m

ost

of i

ts r

ange

in

Saba

h,

(Nez

adal

, 199

1, A

KN

) pr

esum

ably

fro

m p

et t

rade

rs (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

009)

Bla

ck-a

nd-W

hite

P

ycno

notu

s

1500

16

50

1750

+ at

Mt.

Mul

u,

10,0

00 f

t (3

030

m)

reco

rd

seen

at

c. 1

500

m a

nd c

. 165

0 m

on

31 M

ayB

ulbu

l m

elan

oleu

cus

1280

at

Mt.

Lua

ku,

from

a d

ead

bird

, pro

babl

y a

(Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

; L

. Har

ding

and

S. T

. Yeo

,

on

ce a

t 30

50

disp

erse

r pe

rs. c

omm

.)

Bla

ck-h

eade

d B

ulbu

l P

ycno

notu

s

700

1600

52

3 15

75

at l

east

170

0, o

nce

reco

rded

at

Pori

ng;

colle

cted

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; 52

3 m

at

rice

ps

2580

at

Kau

ng;

700–

1600

m

(JB

CH

); o

ccai

sion

ally

rea

ches

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs f

rom

(B

iun,

199

9)

Apr

–Jun

eac

h ye

ar (

AB

)

224


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Bor

nean

Bul

bul

Pyc

nono

tus

70

0 10

61

610-

1550

al

so B

undu

Tuh

an

900–

1000

m a

t Sa

yap

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0);

m

ontis

(Bat

chel

or, 1

991)

; 70

0 m

in

tere

stin

g th

at t

here

are

no

rece

nt P

orin

g re

cord

s

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Scal

y-br

east

ed

Pyc

nono

tus

700

516

675

1200

re

cord

ed i

n R

anau

and

Por

ing

in c

lear

ing

on w

ay t

o K

ipun

git

wat

erfa

ll (W

alla

ce &

Bul

bul

squa

mat

us

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta);

700

m

Wal

lace

, 200

1; t

aken

to

be 5

50 m

); p

ast

bat

cave

(B

iun,

199

9)

(Low

, 200

7; t

aken

to

be c

. 675

m);

can

opy

wal

kway

at

Pori

ng (

Bis

hop,

201

0; t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

); 5

16–5

35 m

(JB

CH

); p

ast

bat

cave

(R

hein

dt, 2

003;

tak

en t

o

be

c. 7

50 m

)

Gre

y-be

llied

Bul

bul

Pyc

nono

tus

13

00

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l. 20

04)

cy

aniv

entr

is

Puf

f-ba

cked

P

ycno

notu

s

550

52

0 64

5 13

00

at P

orin

g in

Jun

.198

9 Po

ring

(B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

200

1; M

athe

ve e

t al

.,B

ulbu

l eu

tilot

us

so

mew

here

bet

wee

n

2008

); o

n tr

ail

to b

at c

ave

(Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001)

;

500–

600

m (

John

ston

e, 1

989)

Po

ring

nea

r fo

otba

ll pi

tch

(Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

be

50

0 m

); c

. 200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ba

t

ca

ve (

Low

, 200

7; t

aken

to

be 6

45);

tw

o at

Por

ing

(Dob

bs, 2

008)

; pa

st b

at c

ave

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be

c.

750

m);

c. 5

20 m

, Por

ing

(F. R

hein

dt, J

ul.2

010,

pers

. com

m.)

Flav

esce

nt B

ulbu

l P

ycno

notu

s

1575

34

85

1900

* 32

94**

to

340

0 on

Kin

abal

u Sm

ythi

es (

1968

) sa

id i

t w

as

Mes

ilau

(Bis

hop,

201

0 an

d ot

her

trip

rep

orts

; ta

ken

to

fl ave

scen

s

(S

held

on e

t al

. 200

1)

a m

onta

ne r

esid

ent

from

be

c. 1

940

m);

218

4–32

94 m

(JB

CH

); r

egul

ar d

own

to

3000

–115

00 f

t (9

09–3

485

m)

1900

m (

AJB

)

from

Kin

abal

u to

Mt.

Mur

ud

bu

t it

is n

ot c

lear

if

thes

e

low

er e

leva

tions

inc

lude

Mt.

Kin

abal

u. M

any

colle

cted

fr

om 5

200–

1020

0 ft

(157

5–30

91 m

) Je

nkin

s &

de S

ilva

(197

8);

1600

–310

0 m

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Yel

low

-ven

ted

P

ycno

notu

s

500

1575

50

0 56

0**

1590

al

so K

unda

san[

g] (

Bat

chel

or,

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Kun

dasa

ngB

ulbu

l†

goia

vier

1991

); s

een

near

par

k

(Gur

ney,

201

0);

Pori

ng h

eadq

uart

ers

(Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en

head

quar

ters

(Je

nkin

s, 1

970)

to

be

c. 5

00 m

); c

anop

y w

alkw

ay, t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

,

O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

Oliv

e-w

inge

d B

ulbu

l P

ycno

notu

s

500

51

6 54

0 up

to

490

at P

orin

g,

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ra

nge

from

pl

umos

us

1700

at

Ban

gau,

JBC

H d

ata

Kal

iant

an T

imur

Cre

am-v

ente

d B

ulbu

l P

ycno

notu

s

303

700

523

624

1300

70

0 m

, net

ted

at 3

100

m

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Lan

gana

n

sim

plex

(Biu

n, 1

999;

we

cons

ider

tr

ail

(Add

ison

, 200

2);

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata

th

e la

tter

to b

e a

vagr

ant

or

an

err

or)

Asi

an R

ed-e

yed

P

ycno

notu

s 50

0

516

560

1005

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

516

m

Bul

bul

brun

neus

(J

BC

H);

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m, S

ep.2

009

(C. L

ee, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

Spec

tacl

ed B

ulbu

l P

ycno

notu

s

500

975

516

961

up t

o ab

out

1300

co

llect

ed a

t R

anau

; c.

975

m

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

rang

e fr

om

eryt

hrop

thal

mos

at P

orin

g (N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N)

JBC

H d

ata

(upp

er m

argi

n w

ith a

udio

rec

ordi

ng)

225


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Och

race

ous

Bul

bul†

A

loph

oixu

s

700

2636

14

52

1780

**

305–

2650

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

Por

ing

(Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001;

oc

hrac

eus

Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

; H

arra

p, 2

011)

; M

esila

u

(K

iong

, 200

7, O

BI;

JA

E;

take

n to

be

c. 1

940

m);

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(M

erri

ll, 2

011,

AK

N;

Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

); M

esila

u

c.

200

0 m

(B

row

n, 2

011,

AK

N);

900

–100

0 m

at

Saya

p

(M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

Gre

y-ch

eeke

d B

ulbu

l†

Alo

phoi

xus

bres

50

0 14

85

500

927*

* 15

00

Po

ring

c. 5

00 m

(W

atso

n, 2

010,

AK

N);

624

–927

m

(J

BC

H)

Yel

low

-bel

lied

A

loph

oixu

s

500

700

550

905

1650

Po

ring

Hot

Spr

ings

, 198

2, 1

985

Pori

ng, c

. 550

m (

Bro

wn,

201

1, A

KN

; H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

Bul

bul

phae

ocep

halu

s

(Phi

llips

, 198

6; t

aken

to

be

AK

N);

894

–905

m (

JBC

H)

c.

500

m);

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

Hai

ry-b

acke

d B

ulbu

l Tr

icho

lest

es

500

700

530

902

to a

t le

ast

900

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a

crin

iger

Buf

f-ve

nted

Bul

bul

Iole

oliv

acea

50

0 60

0 to

at

leas

t 95

0

Pori

ng (

Ben

stea

d &

Ben

stea

d, 2

001;

Gur

ney,

201

0,

L

ambe

rt &

Yon

g, 2

010)

; Po

ring

, 600

m (

JBC

H);

Por

ing

(Man

n, 2

008,

no

obse

rver

or

date

spe

cifi e

d);

com

mon

,

Po

ring

ent

ranc

e, 5

00 m

(JA

E)

Stre

aked

Bul

bul

Ixos

mal

acce

nsis

700

523

916

1200

re

cord

ed a

t Po

ring

(no

loc

ality

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

rang

e

data

); 7

00 m

, net

ted

at 3

100

m

from

JB

CH

dat

a

(Biu

n, 1

999;

we

cons

ider

the

latte

r re

cord

to

be a

vag

rant

or

an

err

or)

Cin

ereo

us B

ulbu

l H

emix

os c

iner

eus

500

2727

55

0 19

50**

up

to

abou

t 28

00

com

mon

fro

m 3

000–

6000

ft

fore

st i

nter

ior

Pori

ng (

Add

ison

, 200

2);

Pori

ng

on K

inab

alu;

see

n ab

ove

(R

hein

dt, 2

003;

Har

rap,

201

1);

Pori

ng a

bove

C

arso

n’s

cam

p (a

t le

ast

9000

ft

head

quar

ters

, 550

m (

Dob

bs, 2

008)

; ra

re f

rom

[2

727

m])

198

9, o

n su

mm

it 14

50–1

950

m (

AJB

dat

a);

900–

1000

m a

t Sa

yap

tr

ail,

and

at p

ower

sta

tion

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0)

1986

, 198

8 (B

atch

elor

, 199

1);

ne

tted

at P

orin

g (P

hilli

ps &

Ph

illip

s in

Jen

kins

&

de S

ilva,

197

8)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Hir

undi

nida

e

Bar

n Sw

allo

w

Hir

undo

rus

tica

1575

24

24

560

to

at

leas

t 24

00

park

hea

dqua

rter

s (t

aken

to

be

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

som

ewhe

re

1575

m);

c. 8

000

ft o

n

betw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s an

d T

impo

hon

gate

K

inab

alu,

4 A

pr.1

989

(M

erri

ll, 2

011,

AK

N);

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

(B

atch

elor

, 199

1)

560

m, O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

Pacifi c

Sw

allo

w

Hir

undo

tah

itica

1575

50

0 15

75

1680

pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; co

mm

on a

t

(tak

en t

o be

157

5 m

) Po

ring

(D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to

be 5

00 m

); s

een

at p

ark

head

quar

ters

(c.

157

5 m

), p

roba

bly

also

at

over

look

at

Tim

poho

n ga

te (

Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

; pe

rs. c

omm

.)

Asi

an H

ouse

Mar

tin

Del

icho

n da

sypu

s

ac

cide

ntal

vis

itor

reco

rded

at

3200

ft

in

Liw

agu

valle

y ab

ove

Ran

au;

K

unda

san[

g] H

otel

in

1984

(Bat

chel

or, 1

991;

tak

en t

o be

c. 1

300

m)

226


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Cet

tiida

e

Bor

nean

Stu

btai

l U

rosp

hena

12

12

3100

15

64

2271

**

to 3

100

nest

ing

at p

ark

head

quar

ters

M

esila

u, c

. 190

0 m

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N);

156

4–22

71 m

w

hite

head

i

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

01)

in 1

982

(Phi

llips

, 198

6);

(JB

CH

); s

een

at 2

100

m, M

esila

u, N

ov.2

010

(JA

E)

sp

ecim

en i

n Sa

raw

ak M

useu

m

colle

cted

by

T. H

arri

sson

on

6

Feb.

1952

at

Paka

Cav

e

(tak

en t

o be

c. 3

100

m)

Sund

a B

ush

C

ettia

vul

cani

a 13

64

3636

15

00

3653

13

80–3

700

spec

imen

s do

wn

to 5

500

ft;

1607

–365

3 m

(JB

CH

); b

reed

ing

at 1

500

m, F

eb–J

un i

nW

arbl

er

also

at

Mar

ai P

arai

pla

teau

, 20

10, 2

011

(AJB

); M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs (

JBC

H)

19

70–2

121

m (

Phill

ips,

198

6)

Yel

low

-bel

lied

A

bros

copu

s

909

1818

53

0 15

75**

15

30

eggs

at

Kia

u; 3

000–

5000

ft

nette

d at

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs (

Shel

don

& M

oyle

, 200

8;

War

bler

† su

perc

iliar

is

(J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

;

take

n to

be

1575

m);

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs

up t

o 60

00 f

t (J

enki

ns e

t al

.,

(AJB

, She

ldon

et

al.,

2009

); 5

30–1

003

m (

JBC

H)

19

96);

tw

o at

Por

ing

(V

erm

eule

n, 1

996)

Mou

ntai

n

Phy

llerg

ates

12

12

2636

15

04

2008

**

1000

–265

0 co

mm

on f

rom

400

0–60

00 f

t; c.

210

0 m

abo

ve M

esila

u in

Jun

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N;

Tailo

rbir

d cu

cula

tus

al

so a

t M

arai

Par

ai p

late

au,

pers

. com

m.)

; 15

04–2

008

m (

JBC

H);

Mes

ilau,

Sep

.200

9

1970

–212

1 m

(Ph

illip

s, 1

986)

(C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Phy

llosc

opid

ae

Yello

w-b

row

ed

Phy

llosc

opus

1900

on

ly p

revi

ous

reco

rd

vo

cal

indi

vidu

al p

hoto

grap

hed

(and

det

aile

d no

tes

take

n)W

arbl

er

inor

natu

s

w

as f

rom

sea

lev

el i

n

by

Dav

id B

akew

ell,

who

has

am

ple

expe

rien

ce w

ith

Sa

raw

ak

th

e sp

ecie

s, n

ear

pow

er s

tatio

n, 1

900

m, 2

4 O

ct.2

008

(BIW

)

Arc

tic W

arbl

er

Phy

llosc

opus

30

3 19

70

560

1575

**

to a

t le

ast

2000

seen

at

Mt.

Kin

abal

u (B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

200

1);

seen

bo

real

is

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(B

row

n, 2

011,

AK

N);

see

n at

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs,

Nov

.201

0 (J

AE

); c

anop

y w

alkw

ay, t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

,

O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

Mou

ntai

n L

eaf

P

hyllo

scop

us

1515

31

00

1450

32

21*

to 3

100

co

mm

on h

ighe

r m

onta

ne

1511

–322

1 m

(JB

CH

); d

own

to 1

450

m o

r lo

wer

(A

JB);

War

bler

tr

ivir

gatu

s

(S

myt

hies

, 195

7;

resi

dent

, man

y co

llect

ed f

rom

M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs (

JBC

H)

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

001)

50

00–1

0000

ft

(J

enki

ns e

t al

., 19

96);

Sm

ythi

es

(195

7) s

ays

“to

1000

0 ft

” on

K

inab

alu.

Thi

s is

lik

ely

base

d

on s

peci

men

s co

llect

ed a

t Pa

ka

Cav

e by

the

Raffl e

s M

useu

m

gr

oup

in 1

929

(tak

en t

o be

c. 3

100

m).

Als

o at

Mar

ai P

arai

pl

atea

u, 1

970–

2121

m

(P

hilli

ps, 1

986)

Yel

low

-bre

aste

d

Seic

ercu

s m

ontis

12

12

2424

14

55

2166

**

1036

–245

0 co

mm

on a

bove

400

0 ft

, sev

eral

gr

eate

r th

an 2

000

m o

n th

e su

mm

it tr

ail

(Har

ding

, 201

1,W

arbl

er

colle

cted

fro

m 3

500–

5000

ft

AK

N);

ran

ge f

rom

JB

CH

dat

a; M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs

(J

BC

H)

227


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Loc

uste

llida

e

Frie

ndly

Bus

h

Bra

dypt

erus

21

21

3800

22

46

3665

**

1800

–380

0 co

mm

on f

rom

100

00–1

2000

ft;

Mes

ilau

(JA

E m

any

times

); r

ange

fro

m J

BC

H d

ata;

War

bler

ac

cent

or

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2001

;

all

colle

ctio

ns a

bove

720

0 ft

; ab

ove

2200

m t

o ab

ove

Lab

an R

ata,

Jun

.200

2 (J

AE

)

M

ann,

200

8)

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

park

he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd T

impo

hon

ga

te (

Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N)

Mid

dend

orff

’s

Locu

stel

la

303

to

100

0 in

Kel

abit

stat

us u

ncer

tain

, one

rec

ord

byG

rass

hopp

er W

arbl

er

ocho

tens

is

upla

nds

Whi

tehe

ad a

t 10

00 f

t

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Cis

ticol

idae

Yel

low

-bel

lied

P

rini

a

10

91

15

00*

1530

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

hear

dPr

inia

fl a

vive

ntri

s

15

00 m

, bel

ow p

ark

head

quar

ters

(ac

ross

Kot

a

K

inab

alu-

Ran

au r

oad;

JB

CH

); 9

00–1

000

m a

t Sa

yap

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0)

Dar

k-ne

cked

O

rtho

tom

us

70

0 10

00

Po

ring

(W

alla

ce a

nd W

alla

ce 2

001;

Mat

heve

et

al. 2

008)

;Ta

ilorb

ird

atro

gula

ris

fem

ale

on L

anga

nan

trai

l (A

ddis

on 2

002)

; Po

ring

c. 5

60 m

(B

arne

s 20

05);

“cl

ose

to P

orin

g ho

t sp

ring

s”

(W

oods

200

7);

in a

n ar

ea w

here

the

re w

as a

vie

w o

ver

som

e m

ore

open

gro

und

with

tal

l gi

nger

s an

d si

mila

r

ve

geta

tion,

pro

babl

y le

ss t

han

half

way

alo

ng t

he

[L

anga

nan]

tra

il (G

urne

y 20

10;

take

n to

be

c. 7

00 m

)

Ruf

ous-

taile

d

Ort

hoto

mus

700

513

560

to o

ver

1200

re

cord

ed a

t Po

ring

; 70

0 m

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; lo

wer

Tailo

rbir

d se

rice

us

(B

iun,

199

9)

mar

gin

from

JB

CH

dat

a; 5

50 m

Por

ing

(Dob

bs, 2

008)

;

ca

nopy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m, O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

Ash

y Ta

ilorb

ird

Ort

hoto

mus

30

3 97

5 50

0 15

00*

to o

ver

1500

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

;

rufi c

eps

Po

ring

, c. 9

75 m

“M

t. K

inab

alu

Nat

iona

l Pa

rk”

May

200

7

(Nez

adal

, 199

1, A

KN

) (K

labd

ee, 2

007,

OB

I);

Pori

ng (

New

nham

, 200

7;

Bar

nes,

200

9; R

oadh

ouse

, 200

9; H

arra

p 20

11);

ne

ar P

orin

g he

adqu

arte

rs (

Har

rap,

200

8; t

aken

to

be

500

m);

145

0–15

00 m

(A

JB)

PASE

RIF

OR

ME

S: T

imal

iidae

Che

stnu

t-ba

cked

P

omat

orhi

nus

455

1667

53

0 19

00*

to 1

700

on K

inab

alu,

co

mm

only

hea

rd 3

500–

5500

ft;

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; at

bat

Scim

itar

Bab

bler

m

onta

nus

to 2

200

on T

rus

Mad

i eg

gs a

t K

iau

cave

, Por

ing

(Low

, 200

7; t

aken

to

be 6

45 m

); 5

30 m

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2001

)

(JB

CH

); r

are

to 1

500

m, t

erri

tory

on

Kia

u V

iew

tra

il

(A

JB);

one

see

n w

ell

at T

impo

hon

gate

, 190

0 m

(Nov

.201

1; J

AE

).

Gre

y-th

roat

ed B

abbl

er

Stac

hyri

s 30

3 32

73

1451

23

99**

30

5-32

90

Po

ring

(W

oods

, 200

7);

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

nigr

icep

s

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; M

esila

u,

D

ec.2

008

(C. L

ee a

nd S

. T. Y

eo, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

Gre

y-he

aded

Bab

bler

St

achy

ris

50

0 12

12

572

905

1220

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l. 20

04);

ran

ge

polio

ceph

ala

from

JB

CH

dat

a

Che

stnu

t-ru

mpe

d St

achy

ris

54

5

560

95

0 co

llect

ed a

t Po

ring

at

1800

ft

two

at P

orin

g (H

ornb

uckl

e, 2

005)

; he

ard

cano

py w

alkw

ay,

Bab

bler

m

acul

ata

(5

45 m

) ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

, Oct

.201

0 (L

. S. N

i, J.

Ong

, BIW

)

228


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Whi

te-n

ecke

d St

achy

ris

70

0

700

818

1070

ne

tted

at 7

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

dow

n to

700

m (

JAE

); 8

18 m

(JB

CH

); b

at c

ave

Bab

bler

le

ucot

is

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be 6

45 m

)

Bla

ck-t

hroa

ted

St

achy

ris

500

49

0 Po

ring

, 198

9 (B

atch

elor

, 199

1)

inte

rest

ing

that

the

re a

re n

o re

cent

rec

ords

Bab

bler

ni

gric

ollis

Che

stnu

t-w

inge

d St

achy

ris

50

0 80

0 54

0 93

0 12

20

uppe

r el

evat

ions

of

Pori

ng

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

rang

e fr

omB

abbl

er

eryt

hrop

tera

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en t

o JB

CH

dat

a

be 8

00 m

)

Ruf

ous-

fron

ted

Stac

hyri

dops

is

500

15

30

appe

ars

to b

e ra

re (

FHS

in

Pori

ng (

Hut

chin

son,

200

8, J

ul)

Bab

bler

rufi f

rons

Jenk

ins

et a

l., 1

996)

Bol

d-st

ripe

d

Mac

rono

us

303

500

560

to

at

leas

t 13

00

Kia

u (e

ggs)

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

Tit-

Bab

bler

bo

rnen

sis

(New

nham

, 200

7; W

oods

, 200

7; B

arne

s, 2

009;

Lam

bert

& Y

ong,

201

0);

Kun

dasa

ng, 1

300

m (

JBC

H);

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m, O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

Fluf

fy-b

acke

d

Mac

rono

us

500

700

560

10

70

also

“a

few

hun

dred

fee

t up

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

half

way

Tit-

Bab

bler

pt

ilosu

s

the

spur

s of

Kin

abal

u”

up w

ater

fall

trai

l (W

alla

ce &

Wal

lace

, 200

1; t

aken

to

be

(Whi

tehe

ad i

n Je

nkin

s &

c.

700

m);

Kip

ungi

t w

ater

fall

(Low

, 200

7; t

aken

to

be

de S

ilva,

197

8);

700

m

565

m);

Por

ing

(Har

rap,

201

1);

bat

cave

(R

hein

dt, 2

003;

(B

iun,

199

9)

take

n to

be

645

m);

can

opy

wal

kway

(D

obbs

, 200

8;

ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

) PA

SSE

RIF

OR

ME

S: P

ello

rnei

dae

Bro

wn

Fulv

etta

† A

lcip

pe

500

1500

50

0 95

0**

1432

se

en o

n K

iau

view

tra

il

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

;

brun

neic

auda

(Wal

l &

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en t

o

530–

927

m (

JBC

H);

500

–950

m (

JAE

)

be a

t le

ast

1500

m);

500

–606

m

(J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978;

Jenk

ins

et a

l., 1

996)

; 70

0 m

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Bla

ck-t

hroa

ted

Nap

othe

ra

70

0

15

30

nette

d at

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

in

tere

stin

g th

at t

here

are

no

rece

nt r

ecor

dsW

ren

Bab

bler

at

rigu

lari

s

Mou

ntai

n W

ren

Nap

othe

ra

939

2848

14

61

2740

**

915

to a

t le

ast

2900

co

mm

only

see

n fr

om

nest

at

2740

m, A

pr.2

011

(AJB

); 1

461–

1805

m (

JBC

H);

Bab

bler

cr

assa

6500

–940

0 ft

, man

y co

llect

ed

Mes

ilau,

Sep

.200

9 (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

3100

–775

0 ft

; ne

st o

n Si

lau

Sila

u tr

ail,

Jul.1

982

(Phi

llips

,

1986

); a

lso

at M

arai

Par

ai

pl

atea

u, 1

970–

2121

m

(P

hilli

ps, 1

986)

Eye

brow

ed W

ren

Nap

othe

ra

700

1575

1500

37

0–17

50

939–

1515

m (

Jenk

ins

&

Sila

u Si

lau

trai

l (H

all

& K

roll,

200

4);

Pori

ngB

abbl

er

epile

pido

ta

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

; se

en o

n Si

lau

(H

utch

inso

n, 2

008,

Jun

); b

ande

d at

150

0 m

in

2009

Si

lau

or K

iau

Vie

w t

rail

(A

JB);

Por

ing

bam

boo

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6; t

aken

to

be

c. 8

00 m

)

at l

east

157

5 m

); n

ette

d at

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

Abb

ott’s

Bab

bler

M

alac

ocin

cla

50

0

1100

rece

nt r

ecor

ds a

t Po

ring

hea

dqua

rter

s by

R. H

utch

inso

n

abbo

tti

(per

s. c

omm

.)

Hor

sfi e

ld’s

Bab

bler

M

alac

ocin

cla

51

0 53

0 17

00

nette

d at

Por

ing

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

rang

e fr

om

sepi

ariu

m

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta)

JBC

H d

ata

229


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Shor

t-ta

iled

M

alac

ocin

cla

500

700

950

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

Bab

bler

m

alac

cens

is

(Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001;

New

nham

, 200

7; E

aton

,

20

10b;

Har

rap,

201

1)

Mou

stac

hed

M

alac

opte

ron

500

1061

50

0 86

6 12

20

78

4–86

6 m

(JB

CH

); h

eadq

uart

ers

area

at

Pori

ng

Bab

bler

m

agni

rost

re

(Dob

bs, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

c. 5

00 m

)

Soot

y-ca

pped

M

alac

opte

ron

50

0 70

0 50

0 75

0 55

0 en

tran

ce t

o Po

ring

hot

spr

ings

, c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

, nea

rB

abbl

er

affi n

e

1988

(B

atch

elor

, 199

1; t

aken

1.

5 km

mar

k on

Lan

gana

n tr

ail

(Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

to

be

c. 5

00 m

); 7

00 m

be

c. 7

50 m

); P

orin

g, t

o 75

0 m

in

Nov

.201

1 (J

AE

)

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Scal

y-cr

owne

d M

alac

opte

ron

50

0 70

0 53

0 64

5 95

0 70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

rang

e fr

omB

abbl

er

cine

reum

JB

CH

dat

a

Ruf

ous-

crow

ned

M

alac

opte

ron

700

800

530

894

1000

re

cord

ed a

t Po

ring

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ra

nge

from

Bab

bler

m

agnu

m

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta);

upp

er

JBC

H d

ata

el

evat

ions

of

Pori

ng (

Wal

l

&

Yon

g, 1

985;

tak

en t

o be

c. 8

00 m

); “

Pori

ng”

and

“P

orin

g w

ater

fall”

[un

clea

r if

this

ref

ers

to K

ipun

git

or

L

anga

nan

wat

erfa

ll]

(B

atch

elor

, 199

1);

700

m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Whi

te-c

hest

ed

Tric

hast

oma

70

0

to

at

leas

t 11

00

seen

at

Pori

ng

seen

at

Pori

ng “

on 2

out

of

the

3 da

ys w

e w

ere

ther

e”B

abbl

er

rost

ratu

m

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta);

nee

ds

(Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001)

co

rrob

orat

ion

(FH

S);

nette

d

at P

orin

g 70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Ferr

ugin

ous

Bab

bler

Tr

icha

stom

a 50

0

to o

ver

1300

ne

tted

at P

orin

g 16

00 f

t

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

on

bico

lor

(Phi

llips

& P

hilli

ps);

tw

o

24 J

un.2

010

at P

orin

g (F

. Rhe

indt

, per

s. c

omm

.)

spec

imen

s co

llect

ed b

y

J. J

. Men

den

(Yal

e U

nive

rsity

Peab

ody

Mus

eum

) at

“Mt.

Kin

abal

u” i

n M

ar.1

977

(G

BIF

)

Stri

ped

Wre

n B

abbl

er

Ken

opia

str

iata

to

at

leas

t 12

00

reco

rded

at

Pori

ng b

y

“Ber

wic

k an

d L

athb

ury”

;

no l

ocal

ity d

ata;

rec

ord

need

s

corr

obor

atio

n

(Fre

d Sh

eldo

n)

Tem

min

ck’s

Bab

bler

P

ello

rneu

m

500

1575

97

5 19

00*

490–

1550

but

low

er

Kia

u (e

ggs)

; fa

irly

com

mon

fa

irly

com

mon

145

0–16

50 m

, rar

e to

c. 1

900,

one

nes

t

pyrr

ogen

ys

in s

ome

plac

es

3000

–400

0 ft

; se

en a

t pa

rk

in 2

010

and

2011

at

1860

–190

0 m

(A

JB; T

EM

); 1

451

m

head

quar

ters

(ta

ken

to b

e (J

BC

H);

900

–100

0 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

;

1575

m);

see

n so

mew

here

c.

975

m, P

orin

g (F

. Rhe

indt

, Jul

.201

0, p

ers.

com

m.)

be

twee

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te

(R

ober

son,

198

8, A

KN

)

230


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Bla

ck-c

appe

d B

abbl

er

Pel

lorn

eum

30

3 97

5 56

0 75

0 14

10

Pori

ng, c

. 975

m

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Pori

ng

capi

stra

tum

(Nez

adal

, 199

1, A

KN

); u

pper

(B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

200

1);

at t

he b

at c

ave,

Por

ing

el

evat

ions

of

Pori

ng

(Low

, 200

7; t

aken

to

be 6

45 m

); c

anop

y w

alkw

ay, t

aken

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5; t

aken

to

to b

e 56

0 m

, Sep

.200

9 (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d);

750

m

be c

. 800

m)

in b

ambo

o, P

orin

g (J

AE

)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Lei

othr

ichi

dae

Sund

a

Gar

rula

x 90

9 21

00

1550

19

21**

to

242

4 in

Sab

ah

com

mon

at

park

hea

dqua

rter

s;

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

200

m a

bove

Mes

ilau

Lau

ghin

gthr

ush

palli

atus

(G

ore,

196

8);

16

00–2

100

(Biu

n, 1

999)

he

adqu

arte

rs, M

ay 2

009

(JA

E)

1000

–190

0

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2001

)

Che

stnu

t-ho

oded

G

arru

lax

212

3333

15

06

3176

**

200–

3350

pa

rtic

ular

ly c

omm

on f

rom

ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a; 9

00–1

000

m a

t Sa

yap

Lau

ghin

gthr

ush

trea

cher

i

3000

–105

00 f

t; eg

gs a

t K

iau

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0);

Mes

ilau,

Sep

.200

9

(C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

Bar

e-he

aded

G

arru

lax

calv

us

500

1818

15

00

1900

49

0–18

35

fair

ly c

omm

on f

rom

on

e at

Por

ing

(New

nham

, 200

7);

seve

ral

in m

ixed

Lau

ghin

gthr

ush

4000

–600

0 ft

; so

mew

here

la

ughi

ngth

rush

fl o

ck a

t Tim

poho

n ga

te (

Bar

nes,

200

9;

betw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s

take

n to

be

1900

m);

see

min

gly

a th

in e

leva

tiona

l ba

nd

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te

in t

he h

eadq

uart

ers

area

, fro

m 1

500–

1700

m (

AJB

dat

a);

(R

ober

son,

198

8, A

KN

;

1550

m (

JBC

H);

900

–100

0 m

at

Saya

p

Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N)

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0);

perh

aps

beco

min

g m

ore

scar

ce

(J

AE

)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Zos

tero

pida

e

Che

stnu

t-cr

este

d

Yuhi

na e

vere

tti

500

2576

56

0 21

00**

ne

ar s

ea l

evel

to

2800

co

mm

on f

rom

160

0–85

00 f

t; do

wn

to 3

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Yuh

ina

man

y sp

ecim

ens

from

91

6–18

67 m

(JB

CH

); t

o 21

00 m

(A

JB);

900

–100

0 m

30

00–8

500

ft;

eggs

at

Kia

u

at S

ayap

(M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; ca

nopy

wal

kway

,

ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

, Sep

.200

9 (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d),

Oct

.201

0 (L

. S. N

i, J.

Ong

, BIW

); M

esila

u, D

ec.2

008

(C. L

ee, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

Pygm

y Ib

on

Ocu

loci

ncta

18

2 21

21

50–2

150

end

of L

iwag

u tr

ail

Pori

ng (

Shac

kelf

ord,

200

7);

sum

mit

trai

l (D

obbs

,

squa

mifr

ons

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6; t

aken

to

be

2008

); M

t. K

inab

alu

(Har

rap,

201

1);

Kun

dasa

ng,

18

90 m

) 20

10, 2

011,

at

c. 1

300

m (

AJB

, JB

CH

);

Kun

dasa

ng, p

air

feed

ing

2 re

cent

ly fl

edg

ed c

hick

s,

N

ov.2

011

(JA

E)

Mou

ntai

n B

lack

eye

Chl

oroc

hari

s 13

64

3900

15

75

3838

12

65–4

000

but

can

com

mon

est

bird

fro

m

1890

–383

8 m

(JB

CH

); J

BC

H f

ound

tha

t th

is s

peci

es

emili

ae

occu

r lo

wer

dur

ing

5500

–940

0 ft

(16

67–8

48 m

) w

as o

ften

the

mos

t co

mm

on b

ird

only

abo

ve 2

850

m

dr

ough

t (S

myt

hies

, on

Kin

abal

u’s

Eas

t R

idge

(i

n co

ntra

st t

o Sm

ithie

s’ (

1962

[19

64])

obs

erva

tions

);

19

57;

Man

n, 2

008)

; (S

myt

hies

, 196

2 [1

964]

) re

port

ed d

own

to 1

660

m, “

elev

atio

n ap

prox

imat

e”

to

400

0 an

d ab

ove

1000

0 ft

(L

ambe

rt &

Yon

g, 2

010)

; so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

01)

(Jen

kins

& d

e Si

lva,

197

8);

head

quar

ters

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te (

Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

;

rec

orde

d at

hea

dqua

rter

s

Har

riso

n, 2

011,

AK

N;

Mer

rill,

201

1, A

KN

); M

empe

ning

du

ring

198

3 dr

ough

t;

trai

l, ta

ken

to b

e c.

157

5 m

(C

. T. Y

eo, B

IW, M

ay 2

011)

;

spec

imen

s fr

om 4

500–

1200

0 ft

; M

esila

u, D

ec.2

008

(C. L

ee a

nd S

. T. Y

eo, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

;

also

at

Mar

ai P

arai

pla

teau

, au

dio

reco

rdin

g, 1

820

m, A

ug.2

010

(P. C

. Ras

mus

sen,

1970

–212

1 m

(Ph

illip

s, 1

986)

; A

VoC

et);

dow

n to

157

5 in

dry

or

win

dy w

eath

er (

AB

)

1600

–310

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

T

here

is

very

litt

le v

eget

atio

n

abov

e 38

40 m

so

we

cons

ider

th

e ea

rlie

r 40

00 m

mar

gin

to

be

som

ewha

t do

ubtf

ul.

231


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Bla

ck-c

appe

d

Zost

erop

s 90

9 21

21

1450

20

00**

88

5–21

50

com

mon

at

park

hea

dqua

rter

s;

com

mon

fro

m 1

450–

2000

m (

AJB

); 1

506–

1871

mW

hite

-eye

at

rica

pilla

909–

2121

m

(JB

CH

); g

reat

er t

han

2000

m o

n su

mm

it tr

ail

(J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

;

(Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

; ta

ken

to b

e c.

205

0 m

); u

p to

gr

eate

r th

an 2

000

m o

n th

e

2150

m o

n M

esila

u tr

ail

Oct

.200

9 (J

AE

); M

esila

u

sum

mit

trai

l (R

ober

son,

198

8,

head

quar

ters

(JB

CH

)

AK

N);

sig

ht r

ecor

d at

700

m

(n

o ph

oto)

, 160

0–21

00 m

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Eve

rett’

s W

hite

-eye

Zo

ster

ops

ever

etti

305

1667

51

0 15

75

clos

e to

sea

lev

el t

o 30

5 m

(N

atur

al H

isto

ry

park

hea

dqua

rter

s (H

all

& K

roll,

200

4);

one

in b

ambo

o

ab

ove

1700

M

useu

m T

ring

); P

orin

g

on w

ater

fall

trai

l (N

ewnh

am, 2

007)

; K

unda

sang

, 201

1 at

(S

myt

hies

, 199

9);

c.

130

0 m

(A

JB);

510

m (

JBC

H);

can

opy

wal

kway

,

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

park

Ju

l.201

0 (F

. Rhe

indt

, per

s. c

omm

.; ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

);

head

quar

ters

and

Tim

poho

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

near

tel

ecom

mun

icat

ions

tow

er,

ga

te (

Rob

erso

n, 1

988,

AK

N)

Apr

.200

6 (R

. Teo

, BIW

, acc

epte

d);

park

hea

dqua

rter

s

M

ay 2

008

(N. A

bgha

ni, B

IW, a

ccep

ted;

tak

en t

o be

c. 1

575

m);

pos

sibl

y do

ubtf

ul r

ecor

d fr

om,

St. J

ohn’

s L

odge

Mes

ilau,

Apr

.200

6

(R

. Teo

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Ire

nida

e

Asi

an F

airy

-blu

ebir

d Ir

ena

puel

la

303

975

561

920

1900

al

so a

t K

unda

sang

(43

00 f

t);

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

;

Pori

ng, c

. 975

m

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata

(N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Sitt

idae

Vel

vet-

fron

ted

Si

tta f

ront

alis

90

9 19

70

1500

17

62**

to

abo

ut 2

100

ofte

n se

en a

t pa

rk

1762

m (

JBC

H);

150

0–17

50 m

(A

JB);

Mes

ilau,

Dec

.200

8N

utha

tch†

he

adqu

arte

rs;

two

at P

orin

g (C

. Lee

and

S. T

. Yeo

, BIW

, acc

epte

d; t

aken

to

be

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6)

c. 1

940

m)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Stu

rnid

ae

Asi

an G

loss

y

Apl

onis

no

ne g

iven

re

cord

ed a

t R

anau

Po

ring

(Sh

acke

lfor

d, 2

007;

Har

rap,

201

1)St

arlin

g pa

naye

nsis

and

Mt.

Kin

abal

u

(unk

now

n al

titud

e)

(J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

;

do

ubtf

ul r

ecor

d fr

om

so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk

he

adqu

arte

rs a

nd T

impo

hon

ga

te (

Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N)

Com

mon

Hill

Myn

a G

racu

la r

elig

iosa

60

0

560

731

1200

he

ard

on t

wo

days

at

low

er

Pori

ng (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

001)

; c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im

elev

atio

ns o

f Po

ring

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04);

hea

rd a

bove

Por

ing,

731

m,

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5; t

aken

A

pr.2

010

(JB

CH

); h

eard

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

to

be

c. 6

00 m

)

560

m, O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Tur

dida

e

Bor

nean

Whi

stlin

g M

yoph

onus

60

6 27

50

808

2565

to

275

0 ne

tted

700–

2100

, see

n 26

00

808–

2565

m (

JBC

H);

bat

cav

e, t

aken

to

be 6

45 m

,T

hrus

h bo

rnee

nsis

(She

ldon

et

al.,2

001;

an

d 31

00 (

Biu

n, 1

999,

no

M

ar.2

006

(N. C

heun

g, B

IW);

Mes

ilau,

Sep

.200

9

M

ann

2008

)

phot

os)

(C. L

ee, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

232


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Che

stnu

t-ca

pped

G

eoki

chla

52

3 75

0 13

00

spec

imen

on

Kin

abal

u an

d

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

nest

ing

atT

hrus

h in

terp

res

ne

stin

g re

cord

at

Pori

ng i

n Se

rins

im R

iver

(25

0–40

0 m

), A

ug.1

998

(AB

); M

ike

19

69 w

ith n

o lo

calit

y da

ta;

Gre

nfel

der

saw

one

nea

r th

e ca

nopy

wal

kway

13

00 m

as

a ni

ght

mig

rant

;

(Ben

stea

d, 2

004;

tak

en t

o be

560

m);

low

er b

ound

ary

de

ad b

ird

on K

ota

fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

“al

mos

t ba

ck [

to P

orin

g he

adqu

arte

rs

Kin

abal

u-R

anau

roa

d; n

ette

d fr

om w

ater

fall

hike

]” (

Har

rap,

201

1; t

aken

to

be

at 7

00 a

nd 2

600

m

c. 6

00 m

); 7

50 m

(JA

E)

(B

iun,

199

9; w

e co

nsid

er

th

e la

tter

to b

e a

vagr

ant

or

an

err

or)

Ora

nge-

head

ed

Geo

kich

la

909

1800

15

00

1900

* to

180

0 ra

re, 3

000

ft t

o pa

rk

rare

, 150

0–19

00 m

(br

eedi

ng)

(AJB

); 9

00–1

000

m a

tT

hrus

h ci

trin

a

head

quar

ters

(ta

ken

to b

e

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; B

ukit

Ula

r ro

adsi

de,

15

75 m

) (J

enki

ns e

t al

., 19

96);

20

00–2

010

(JA

E c

. 185

0 m

)

1800

m (

Rob

son,

199

8 in

Man

n, 2

008)

Eve

rett’

s T

hrus

h Zo

othe

ra e

vere

tti

1575

1500

19

00

2140

ra

re (

Jenk

ins

et a

l., 1

996)

; ra

re, 1

500–

1900

m (

bree

ding

) (A

JB);

185

0 m

(JB

CH

)

Sila

u Si

lau

trai

l an

d de

ad

indi

vidu

al a

t pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

(t

aken

to

be 1

575

m)

[Whi

te’s

Thr

ush]

Zo

othe

ra a

urea

no

ne g

iven

one

sigh

ting

near

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs, c

. 20

Apr

.200

5

(E

rics

son,

200

5; t

aken

to

be 1

575

m)

Isla

nd T

hrus

h Tu

rdus

15

75

3700

16

65

3640

14

75–3

650

to “

limit

of v

eget

atio

n” a

nd

rece

ntly

up

to 3

800

m (

Ben

edic

t B

utit

pers

. com

m.)

;

polio

ceph

alus

foun

d br

eedi

ng n

ear

the

30

36–3

640

m, p

roba

bly

hear

d do

wn

to 2

624

m (

JBC

H);

su

mm

it (t

aken

to

be

c. 3

700

m

at K

iau

Vie

w (

phot

ogra

phed

) D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to

be

but

this

can

onl

y be

16

55 m

); f

rom

Mes

ilau

[tak

en t

o be

at

HQ

] up

to

2200

m

appr

oxim

ate)

; pa

rk

(Bis

hop,

201

0);

Mes

ilau

head

quar

ters

Nov

.201

0 (J

AE

)

head

quar

ters

and

Ten

ompo

k

in

198

3 dr

ough

t (t

aken

to

be

c.

157

5 m

); “

dow

n to

600

0 ft

on t

he s

umm

it tr

ail”

(18

18 m

)

in 1

990

(Bat

chel

or, 1

991;

take

n to

be

1900

m b

ecau

se

th

is i

s w

here

sum

mit

trai

l st

arts

)

Eye

brow

ed T

hrus

h Tu

rdus

obs

curu

s 70

0 31

00

523

2597

32

90

plen

tiful

up

to 8

000

ft;

com

mon

at

Lay

ang

Lay

ang

(Hal

l &

Kro

ll, 2

004)

;

Kun

dasa

ng (

Bat

chel

or, 1

991)

;

Mes

ilau,

Apr

.200

6 (R

. Teo

, BIW

, acc

epte

d);

rang

e fr

om

rang

e fo

rm B

iun

(199

9)

JBC

H d

ata

Frui

thun

ter

Chl

amyd

ocha

era

700

3200

14

50

2700

**

700–

3200

70

0–26

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

to

nest

on

Sila

u Si

lau

(Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001)

; ra

re f

rom

je

ffery

i

3200

m (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

001)

14

50–2

300

m (

AJB

); t

op o

f L

anga

nan

trai

l in

200

2

(R

. Hut

chin

son

pers

. com

m;

c. 9

00 m

); c

. 200

m b

efor

e

tr

ail

junc

tion

abov

e L

ayan

g L

ayan

g (D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to b

e c.

270

0 m

)

Whi

te-b

row

ed

Bra

chyp

tery

x 10

61

3600

14

65

2806

**

885–

3600

to

360

0 m

on

Kin

abal

u ra

nge

from

JB

CH

dat

a; M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs (

JBC

H)

Shor

twin

g m

onta

na

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

01)

233


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Mus

cica

pida

e

Sibe

rian

Blu

e R

obin

Lu

scin

ia c

yane

30

3 70

0 65

0 18

50

1680

R

anau

; K

unda

sang

(48

00 f

t);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

belo

w

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

1.

8 km

on

Lan

gana

n tr

ail

(Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

be

c.

750

m);

Buk

it U

lar

c. 1

850

m, O

ct.2

008,

Nov

.200

9

(J

AE

); B

ukit

Ula

r, ta

ken

to b

e c.

185

0 m

(D

. Bak

ewel

l,

O

ct.2

008,

BIW

); 6

50 m

, Por

ing

(JA

E)

Ori

enta

l

Cop

sych

us

500

939

523

1575

* 15

30

4800

ft

at B

undu

Tuh

an

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Mag

pie-

Rob

in

saul

aris

pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

(Hor

nbuc

kle,

200

5; N

ewnh

am,

2007

; H

arra

p 20

11;

take

n to

be

1575

m);

low

er

mar

gin

from

JB

CH

dat

a

Whi

te-c

row

ned

C

opsy

chus

50

0 97

5 51

0 84

3 to

abo

ve 1

220

on

spec

imen

with

no

loca

lity

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

rang

e fr

omSh

ama

stri

ckla

ndi

Kin

abal

u

data

; c.

975

m a

t Po

ring

JB

CH

dat

a

(Nez

adal

, 199

1, A

KN

)

Ruf

ous-

taile

d

Tric

hixo

s

70

0

nette

d at

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

Po

ring

, unc

lear

but

tak

en t

o be

at

leas

t 90

0 m

Sham

a py

rrop

ygus

(A

ddis

on, 2

002)

; pa

st K

ipun

git

wat

erfa

ll (R

hein

dt, 2

003;

take

n to

be

c. 6

00 m

); P

orin

g, y

ear

unsp

ecifi

ed

(C

live

Man

n, 2

008)

; he

ard,

Por

ing

(Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

)

Che

stnu

t-na

ped

E

nicu

rus

97

5 12

50

nette

d at

Por

ing

Pori

ng, o

n st

ream

bel

ow/b

efor

e L

anga

nan

wat

erfa

llFo

rkta

il rufi c

apill

us

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta)

(Dob

bs 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

c. 9

75 m

)

Bor

nean

For

ktai

l E

nicu

rus

30

3 19

39

900’

18

50

305–

1955

ra

nge

from

Sm

ythi

es

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H a

nd A

JB d

ata

(bir

ds i

dent

ifi ed

as

this

bo

rnee

nsis

(196

2 [1

964]

), 1

939

m

spec

ies

seen

fro

m 6

00–9

75 m

at

Pori

ng, J

un.2

011,

but

“a

bove

Por

ing”

; co

urts

hip

m

ist-

netti

ng n

eede

d to

elim

inat

e po

ssib

ility

of

be

havi

our

near

par

k

E. l

esch

enau

lti);

150

4–16

09 m

(JB

CH

); c

omm

on

head

quar

ters

in

1985

14

50–1

850

m (

AJB

); P

orin

g 90

0 m

aft

er 2

007

(JA

E);

(P

hilli

ps, 1

986)

; so

mew

here

th

ree

spec

imen

s (A

MN

H)

from

Ser

insi

m o

f

betw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s

E. l

esch

enau

lti (

Moy

le e

t al

., 20

05);

spe

cim

en f

rom

an

d T

impo

hon

gate

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

, unc

lear

(R

ober

son,

198

8, A

KN

);

if t

his

is E

. bor

neen

sis

or E

. les

chen

aulti

; M

esila

u,

Se

p.20

09 (

C. L

ee, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

Blu

e R

ock

Thr

ush

Mon

ticol

a

1550

21

00

Rec

orde

d at

Kun

dasa

ng i

n

solit

ariu

s

1983

; al

so 1

0–11

Dec

.198

4

(Bat

chel

or, 1

991)

Fulv

ous-

ches

ted

R

hino

myi

as

70

0 51

0 56

0 to

abo

ut 9

00

spec

imen

fro

m u

nkno

wn

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

510–

530

m

Jung

le F

lyca

tche

r ol

ivac

eus

lo

calit

y on

Kin

abal

u; 7

00 m

(J

BC

H);

can

opy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m, O

ct.2

010

(B

iun,

199

9)

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

Gre

y-ch

este

d

Rhi

nom

yias

30

3 70

0 50

0 89

9 to

500

, occ

asio

nally

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

com

mon

, Por

ing,

fro

m e

ntra

nce

to 8

00 m

(JA

E);

Jung

le F

lyca

tche

r um

brat

ilis

to 1

220

88

0–89

9 m

(JB

CH

)

Ruf

ous-

taile

d

Rhi

nom

yias

909

1530

po

ssib

ly d

oubt

ful

reco

rd f

rom

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

Jung

le F

lyca

tche

r rufi c

auda

cano

py w

alkw

ay a

t Po

ring

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6)

Eye

brow

ed

Rhi

nom

yias

90

9 32

73

1450

19

50**

91

5–32

90

mor

e co

mm

on a

t hi

gher

ra

nge

from

AJB

dat

a (b

reed

ing)

; M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs,

Jung

le F

lyca

tche

r gu

lari

s

elev

atio

ns (

tow

ards

700

0 ft

, Ju

n.20

06, J

ul.2

007

(JA

E)

W

hite

head

); a

lso

at 5

000

ft o

n

Pino

suk

plat

eau

234


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Dar

k-si

ded

Flyc

atch

er

Mus

cica

pa

16

06

1620

re

cord

s at

530

0 ft

in

si

biri

ca

Se

p, O

ct, a

nd J

an

(J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

Asi

an B

row

n M

usci

capa

90

9 16

06

560

16

20

M

t. K

inab

alu

(Add

ison

, 200

2);

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

Flyc

atch

er

dauu

rica

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04);

at

park

hea

dqua

rter

s

(E

rics

son,

200

5; t

aken

to

be 1

575

m);

one

at

Pori

ng

(N

ewnh

am, 2

007)

; so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te (

Bro

wn,

201

1, A

KN

);

M

. d. w

illia

mso

ni s

een

at P

orin

g (B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

2001

); c

anop

y w

alkw

ay, t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

, Oct

.201

0

(L

. S. N

i, J.

Ong

, BIW

)

Ferr

ugin

ous

Flyc

atch

er

Mus

cica

pa

15

15

1500

18

50

1530

al

so “

low

er s

lope

s of

ne

ar L

anga

nan

wat

erfa

ll (A

ddis

on, 2

002;

tak

en t

o be

fe

rrug

inea

Kin

abal

u”

c. 1

000

m);

on

Mem

peni

ng t

rail

(Mye

rs, 2

010,

Aug

;

ta

ken

to b

e c.

157

5 m

); 1

500

m o

n L

iwag

u R

iver

(JB

CH

);

se

en a

t c.

185

0 m

(10

0 m

dow

n fo

rm T

impo

hon

gate

) in

Nov

.201

1 (J

AE

)

Nar

ciss

us F

lyca

tche

r F

iced

ula

303

52

1 19

00

1530

Liw

agu

rest

aura

nt (

c. 1

575

m)

and

Tim

poho

n ga

te,

na

rcis

sina

19

00 m

(E

aton

201

0a);

521

-530

m (

JBC

H)

Mug

imak

i Fl

ycat

cher

F

iced

ula

1575

31

00

1563

32

55

2325

pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

take

n to

be

Kia

u V

iew

and

Por

ing

(Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001)

; pa

rk

mug

imak

i

1575

m;

som

ewhe

re b

etw

een

head

quar

ters

(H

all

& K

roll,

200

4);

nette

d at

327

0 m

in

pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

and

2005

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

9);

Mou

nt K

inab

alu

at 1

563

m

Tim

poho

n ga

te

(Sin

gh, 2

009,

OB

I);

c. 2

000

m a

t M

esila

u (B

row

n, 2

011,

(B

ono,

199

7, A

KN

); 3

100

m

AK

N);

Mt.

Kin

abal

u (V

alen

tine

& T

hurm

ilang

an, 2

008a

;

(Biu

n, 1

999)

G

ear,

2009

); 2

629–

3255

m (

JBC

H)

Ruf

ous-

ches

ted

Fic

edul

a 70

0 16

06

to 1

200

or 1

620

but

also

rec

orde

d at

Por

ing;

upp

er

900–

1000

m a

t Sa

yap

(Moy

le &

She

ldon

, 200

0)Fl

ycat

cher

du

met

oria

up

per

reco

rds

may

re

cord

s co

nsid

ered

pos

sibl

y

ha

ve b

een

conf

used

do

ubtf

ul b

y M

ann

(200

8);

with

F. m

ugim

aki

sigh

t re

cord

s at

700

and

16

00 m

, 1 m

ist

nette

d at

3100

m, t

aken

to

be a

vag

rant

(B

iun,

199

9)

Snow

y-br

owed

F

iced

ula

12

12

3700

14

51

2508

**

1000

–370

0 pl

entif

ul 4

000–

8000

ft;

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

Mes

ilau,

Sep

.200

9Fl

ycat

cher

hy

pery

thra

com

mon

abo

ve P

orin

g (C

. Lee

, BIW

, acc

epte

d)

60

00–9

500

ft;

to 3

700

m

on K

inab

alu

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

01)

Litt

le P

ied

Flyc

atch

er

Fic

edul

a 15

15

3100

14

53

2613

85

0–31

00

com

mon

fro

m 5

000–

8000

ft;

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

Mes

ilau

head

quar

ters

w

este

rman

ni

re

gula

rly

seen

at

park

(J

BC

H)

he

adqu

arte

rs;

1600

–260

0 m

(Biu

n, 1

999)

; to

310

0 m

on

Kin

abal

u

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2001

)

Blu

e-an

d-w

hite

C

yano

ptila

30

3 15

75

1835

pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

take

n to

ne

ar P

orin

g he

adqu

arte

rs (

Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

beFl

ycat

cher

cy

anom

elan

a

be 1

575

m

500

m);

Por

ing

(Kio

ng, 2

008,

OB

I; G

urne

y, 2

010;

Lam

bert

& Y

ong,

201

0);

Mou

nt K

inab

alu

(Sam

araw

eera

,

20

11, O

BI)

; K

inab

alu

Park

(V

alen

tine

& T

hurm

ilang

an,

2008

a; L

ambe

rt &

Yon

g, 2

010)

; K

unda

sang

130

0 m

(JB

CH

); M

esila

u, A

pr.2

006

(R. T

eo, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

235


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Ver

dite

r Fl

ycat

cher

E

umyi

as

303

51

6 56

0 to

120

0 or

130

0 he

ard

on s

umm

it tr

ail

cano

py w

alkw

ay a

t Po

ring

(D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to

be

thal

assi

nus

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5)

560

m);

pos

sibl

y do

ubtf

ul r

ecor

ds f

rom

Mes

ilau,

c.

194

0 m

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N;

R. T

eo, A

pr.2

006,

BIW

, acc

epte

d);

seen

“ne

ar K

inab

alu”

(H

arra

p, 2

011)

;

lo

wer

bou

ndar

y fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

900

–100

0 m

at

Saya

p

(M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

Indi

go F

lyca

tche

r E

umyi

as i

ndig

o 81

8 26

36

1452

24

14**

82

5–26

50

man

y co

llect

ed f

rom

M

esila

u (M

yers

, 200

9);

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

Mes

ilau

27

00–8

000

ft;

8700

ft

he

adqu

arte

rs (

JBC

H)

re

cord

fro

m o

ne s

ight

ing

(J

enki

ns&

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

;

1600

–260

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

Pal

e

Cyo

rnis

uni

colo

r 70

0

78

0 14

00

nette

d at

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

se

en b

y ot

her

obse

rver

s at

Por

ing

(Hor

nbuc

kle,

200

5);

Blu

e-F

lyca

tche

r

JBC

H a

udio

rec

ordi

ng a

t 78

0 m

; ca

nopy

wal

kway

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

)

Hill

Blu

e Fl

ycat

cher

C

yorn

is

700

50

0 10

00

to o

ver

1200

sp

ecim

en f

rom

Kin

abal

u re

cent

spe

cim

ens

indi

cate

thi

s sp

ecie

s is

fai

rly

com

mon

ba

nyum

as

(n

o lo

calit

y da

ta);

Kia

u (e

ggs)

;

in s

ubm

onta

ne f

ores

t in

Sab

ah [

at l

east

] fr

om 9

00–1

000

m

nette

d at

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

09);

900

–100

0 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

&

Sh

eldo

n, 2

000)

; Po

ring

, thr

ee t

imes

, fro

m P

orin

g en

tran

ce

up

to

900

m, O

ct.2

008

and

May

200

9 (J

AE

); n

ear

Lan

gana

n w

ater

fall

on 2

4 Ju

n.20

10 a

t Po

ring

(F.

Rhe

indt

,

pe

rs. c

omm

.; c.

100

0 m

); 8

16–9

84 m

(JB

CH

, with

audi

o re

cord

ings

)

Bor

nean

Blu

e C

yorn

is s

uper

bus

606

1515

56

0 64

0 15

30

also

Ran

au a

nd P

orin

g; r

ecor

ds

just

bef

ore

bat

cave

, res

pond

ing

to p

layb

ack,

no

audi

oFl

ycat

cher

fr

om 6

00–1

500

m u

nusu

ally

re

cord

ing

mad

e (D

obbs

, 200

8; t

aken

to

be c

. 640

m);

high

, it

is p

ossi

ble

that

the

re

seen

and

hea

rd, r

espo

ndin

g to

pla

ybac

k of

ha

s be

en c

onfu

sion

with

D

. Edw

ards

’s r

ecor

ding

s fr

om D

anum

Val

ley

C

. ban

yum

as (

Jenk

ins

et a

l.,

(ide

ntic

al s

ong)

at

cano

py w

alkw

ay, c

. 560

m, o

n

1996

); n

ette

d at

700

m

4 Ju

n.20

09 (

AJB

); h

eard

and

see

n ab

ove

Mon

ggis

,

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Ta

mbu

yuko

n c.

100

0 m

, res

pond

ing

to s

ame

play

back

, in

Ju

n.20

11;

fem

ale

had

rufo

us t

ail

(AJB

)

Mal

aysi

an B

lue

C

yorn

is t

urco

sus

545

10

00

nette

d at

Por

ing

c. 5

45 m

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Fl

ycat

cher

(S

held

on, 1

977)

; al

so R

anau

in

tere

stin

g th

at t

here

are

no

rece

nt r

ecor

ds

fr

om P

orin

g

Whi

te-t

aile

d C

yorn

is c

oncr

etus

70

0 16

67

630

975*

* se

a le

vel

to 1

680,

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

one

at K

inab

alu

(Hor

nbuc

kle,

200

5);

wat

erfa

ll tr

ail

Flyc

atch

er†

us

ually

600

–120

0

(New

nham

, 200

7);

Pori

ng (

Hut

chin

son,

200

8, J

un, J

ul;

Shor

tell,

200

8, O

BI)

; ra

nge

from

JA

E d

ata;

Por

ing

bam

boo

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be c

. 800

m);

bat

cav

e

(M

athe

ve e

t al

., 20

08)

Pygm

y Fl

ycat

cher

M

usci

cape

lla

1212

18

90

1450

18

50

850–

2200

en

d of

Liw

agu

trai

l

c. 1

900

m a

t M

esila

u (H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N);

ran

ge f

rom

ho

dgso

ni

(V

erm

eule

n, 1

996;

tak

en t

o A

JB d

ata;

154

6 m

(JB

CH

)

be c

. 189

0 m

)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Chl

orop

seid

ae

Gre

ater

Gre

en

Chl

orop

sis

500

975

560

645

to a

t le

ast

1300

Po

ring

, c. 9

75 m

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

Lea

fbir

d so

nner

ati

(N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N);

ca

nopy

wal

kway

(C

layt

on &

Tho

mas

, 200

2; R

hein

dt,

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

2003

; ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

); b

at c

ave,

Por

ing

(Low

, 200

7;

ta

ken

to b

e 64

5 m

); P

orin

g (H

arra

p, 2

008)

; ca

nopy

wal

kway

, tak

en t

o be

560

m, O

ct.2

010

(L. S

. Ni,

J. O

ng, B

IW)

236


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Les

ser

Gre

en

Chl

orop

sis

70

0

516

600

to a

t le

ast

950

reco

rded

at

Pori

ng;

colle

cted

lo

wer

bou

ndar

y fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

Lea

fbir

d cy

anop

ogon

at K

aung

; 70

0 m

(B

iun,

200

9)

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2004

); P

orin

g, c

. 560

m (

Bro

wn,

201

1,

A

KN

); o

n L

anga

nan

trai

l (H

arra

p, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

at

leas

t 60

0 m

)

Bor

nean

Lea

fbir

d†

Chl

orop

sis

60

0 21

21

850

1800

**

to 2

200

(Tru

s M

adi)

, lo

wer

ele

vatio

ns o

f Po

ring

92

7 m

(JB

CH

); r

are

to 1

800

m (

AJB

); s

omew

here

ki

naba

luen

sis

550–

2140

(W

all

& Y

ong,

198

5; t

aken

to

betw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(Kin

abal

u);

gene

rally

be

600

m);

als

o K

unda

san[

g]

(Mer

rill,

201

1, A

KN

); c

. 180

0 m

, with

pho

togr

aph

abov

e 50

0

(Bat

chel

or, 1

991;

tak

en t

o be

(L

. Har

ding

, 201

1, A

KN

; pe

rs. c

omm

.);

900–

1000

m a

t

c. 1

300

m);

one

at

Pori

ng

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

; re

gula

r at

Por

ing

(V

erm

eule

n, 1

996)

; on

e ne

tted

c. 8

50–9

75 m

(JA

E);

c. 9

75 m

, Por

ing

at

310

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9; t

aken

(F

. Rhe

indt

, Jul

.201

0, p

ers.

com

m.)

to b

e a

vagr

ant)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Dic

aeid

ae

Yel

low

-bre

aste

d P

rion

ochi

lus

500

700

to a

t le

ast

1250

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Pori

ng o

nFl

ower

peck

er

mac

ulat

us

wat

erfa

ll tr

ail

(Eat

on, 2

009,

May

)

Cri

mso

n-br

east

ed

Pri

onoc

hilu

s

to a

t le

ast

1200

“tw

o ne

ar t

he w

ater

fall”

at

Pori

ng (

Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

Flo

wer

peck

er

perc

ussu

s

to

be

c. 1

000

m);

Por

ing

(Hut

chin

son,

200

8,

Jun.

2008

, Jul

.201

1)

Yel

low

-rum

ped

P

rion

ochi

lus

500

975

500

984

1700

Po

ring

c. 9

75 m

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

near

Flow

erpe

cker

xa

ntho

pygi

us

(N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N);

Po

ring

hea

dqua

rter

s (D

obbs

, 200

8; H

arra

p, 2

008;

tak

en

700

m a

nd n

ette

d at

260

0 m

to

be

c. 5

00 m

); 6

24–9

84 m

(JB

CH

)

(Biu

n, 1

999;

tak

en t

o be

a va

gran

t)

Thi

ck-b

illed

D

icae

um a

gile

50

0 56

0 20

0

two

view

ed t

hrou

gh a

tel

esco

pe n

ear

Pori

ng h

eadq

uart

ers

Flo

wer

peck

er

(H

arra

p, 2

011;

tak

en t

o be

c. 5

00 m

); P

orin

g (H

utch

inso

n,

20

08, J

ul);

can

opy

wal

kway

10–

13 J

ul.2

010

(F. R

hein

dt,

pers

. com

m.;

take

n to

be

560

m)

Yel

low

-ven

ted

D

icae

um

97

0 50

0 70

0 17

00

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

Flow

erpe

cker

ch

ryso

rrhe

um

(New

nham

, 200

7; D

obbs

, 200

8; L

ambe

rt &

Yon

g, 2

010)

;

pa

st b

at c

ave

on r

idge

(L

ow, 2

007;

tak

en t

o be

c. 7

00 m

);

“P

orin

g, a

roun

d lo

dge

area

and

low

est

slop

es”

(Har

rap,

201

0; t

aken

to

be c

. 500

–550

m)

Ora

nge-

belli

ed

Dic

aeum

30

3 97

5 51

5 10

03

1700

al

so K

unda

sang

, 430

0 ft

; c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ra

nge

from

Flow

erpe

cker

tr

igon

ostig

ma

Po

ring

c. 9

75 m

JB

CH

dat

a

(Nez

adal

, 199

1, A

KN

)

Plai

n Fl

ower

peck

er

Dic

aeum

12

00

reco

rded

at

Pori

ng;

Kia

u Po

ring

foo

tbal

l pi

tch

(Add

ison

, 200

2; t

aken

to

be

conc

olor

(egg

s);

two

at P

orin

g

c. 5

00 m

)

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6)

Bla

ck-s

ided

D

icae

um

606

2182

15

11

2016

**

to 2

182

on K

inab

alu

com

mon

abo

ve 3

000

ft;

rang

e fr

om J

BC

H d

ata;

Mes

ilau,

Sep

.200

9Fl

ower

peck

er

mon

ticol

um

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2001

, so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk

(C. L

ee, B

IW, a

ccep

ted)

Sara

wak

Mus

eum

);

head

quar

ters

and

Tim

poho

n

to

254

0 on

Tru

s M

adi

gate

(B

ono,

199

7, A

KN

;

(S

held

on &

Fra

ncis

, R

ober

son,

198

8, A

KN

);

1985

; FH

S pe

rs. o

bs.)

Sa

raw

ak M

useu

m s

peci

men

from

“K

ambo

rang

oh 7

200

ft”

(2

182

m)

from

bef

ore

1978

(She

ldon

et

al.,

2001

)

237


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Scar

let-

back

ed

Dic

aeum

30

3 70

0

to

abo

ve 1

750

700

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

se

en d

aily

at

Pori

ng (

Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001)

Flow

erpe

cker

cr

uent

atum

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Nec

tari

niid

ae

Rub

y-ch

eeke

d C

halc

opar

ia

303

50

0 97

2 to

at

leas

t 12

00

one

at P

orin

g c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ne

ar P

orin

gSu

nbir

d si

ngal

ensi

s

(Ver

meu

len,

199

6)

head

quar

ters

(H

arra

p, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

c. 5

00 m

); u

pper

mar

gin

from

JB

CH

dat

a

Plai

n Su

nbir

d A

nthr

epte

s

521

560

1220

Po

ring

: fe

edin

g a fl e

dglin

g in

ca

nopy

wal

kway

(R

hein

dt, 2

003;

Jul

.201

0, p

ers.

com

m.;

si

mpl

ex

19

82, s

een

1985

ta

ken

to b

e 56

0 m

); n

ette

d at

c. 1

500

m i

n 19

99

(Phi

llips

, 198

6)

(Moy

le, 2

003)

; c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l.,

20

04);

521

m a

nd p

ossi

bly

at 9

16 m

(JB

CH

)B

row

n-th

roat

ed

Ant

hrep

tes

939

516

560

to a

t le

ast

1220

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; 51

6–53

5 m

Sunb

ird

mal

acen

sis

(JB

CH

); c

anop

y w

alkw

ay, t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

, Oct

.201

0

(L

. S. N

i, J.

Ong

, BIW

)

Red

-thr

oate

d

Ant

hrep

tes

510

no

ne g

iven

Po

ring

198

2, 1

986

250–

450

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; go

odSu

nbir

d rh

odol

aem

a

(Phi

llips

, 198

6)

view

s of

a m

ale

at P

orin

g (V

alen

tine

& T

hurm

ilang

an,

2008

a);

wat

erfa

ll tr

ail

(Har

rap,

200

8);

Pori

ng

(B

arne

s, 2

009)

; ho

t po

ols,

510

m (

JAE

)

Purp

le-n

aped

H

ypog

ram

ma

500

975

510

984

to a

t le

ast

1000

Po

ring

, c. 9

75 m

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ra

nge

from

Sunb

ird

hypo

gram

mic

um

(N

ezad

al, 1

991)

; 70

0 m

JB

CH

dat

a

(Biu

n, 1

999)

Van

Has

selt’

s Su

nbir

d Le

ptoc

oma

50

0

to a

t le

ast

1000

co

llect

ed a

t Po

ring

in

1977

in

tere

stin

g th

at t

here

are

no

rece

nt r

ecor

ds

bras

ilian

a

Oliv

e-ba

cked

C

inny

ris

700

1552

50

0 15

50

1565

(er

rone

ousl

y 51

20 f

t at

par

k he

adqu

arte

rs;

Pori

ng (

Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001;

New

nham

, 200

7;Su

nbir

d ju

gula

ris

cite

s Je

nkin

s &

so

mew

here

bet

wee

n pa

rk

Bar

nes,

200

9);

uppe

r bo

unda

ry f

rom

AJB

dat

a (b

reed

ing)

;

de

Silv

a, 1

978

as

head

quar

ters

and

Tim

poho

n

1 km

tow

ards

Kun

dasa

ng f

rom

Por

ing,

c. 5

00 m

(JA

E)

givi

ng t

his

elev

atio

n)

gate

(B

ono,

199

7, A

KN

);

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Cri

mso

n Su

nbir

d A

etho

pyga

606

500

510

1190

al

so R

anau

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ne

ar c

hale

t

sipa

raja

at

Por

ing

(Har

rap,

200

8; t

aken

to

be c

. 500

m);

Por

ing

(Gur

ney,

201

0);

at h

ot p

ools

(H

arra

p, 2

011;

tak

en t

o be

510

m)

Tem

min

ck’s

Sun

bird

A

etho

pyga

60

6 21

00

894

2050

se

a le

vel

to 1

985

plen

tiful

aro

und

4000

ft;

dow

n to

300

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; Po

ring

te

mm

inck

ii

nette

d at

160

0 m

, see

n at

(D

obbs

, 200

8);

grea

ter

than

200

0 m

on

sum

mit

trai

l

2100

m (

Biu

n, 1

999)

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N;

take

n to

be

2050

m);

bre

edin

g at

1900

m, M

ar.2

011

(AJB

); m

any

reco

rds

at M

esila

u

he

adqu

arte

rs c

. 195

0 m

(L

. Har

ding

; JA

E);

894

–185

9

(J

BC

H)

Litt

le S

pide

rhun

ter

Ara

chno

ther

a 50

0 97

5 53

0 15

00*

1500

ci

ted

Gor

e th

at g

oes

up t

o c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; ba

nded

at

lo

ngir

ostr

a

4500

ft

in B

orne

o; c

olle

cted

15

00 m

, Jun

.201

0, M

ay 2

011

(AJB

); 5

30–9

61 m

(JB

CH

);

at c

. 500

m (

Shel

don,

197

7);

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

th

ree

spec

imen

s be

low

909

m

(J

enki

ns &

de

Silv

a, 1

978)

;

Pori

ng, c

. 975

m (

Nez

adal

,

1991

, AK

N);

som

ewhe

re

be

twee

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(Bon

o, 1

997,

AK

N)

238


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Thi

ck-b

illed

A

rach

noth

era

70

0 50

0

to a

t le

ast

1200

ne

tted

at 7

00 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Pori

ng (

Ben

stea

d &

Ben

stea

d, 2

001;

Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce,

Spid

erhu

nter

cr

assi

rost

ris

2001

; R

hein

dt, 2

003;

Bar

nes,

200

9);

briefl y

see

n by

the

cabi

ns a

t Po

ring

(H

arra

p, 2

008;

tak

en t

o be

c. 5

00 m

)

Lon

g-bi

lled

Ara

chno

ther

a 50

0 70

0 50

0

to a

t le

ast

1500

Po

ring

win

dow

kill

; 70

0 m

Po

ring

, unc

lear

but

at

leas

t 60

0 m

(A

ddis

on, 2

002)

;Sp

ider

hunt

er

robu

sta

(B

iun,

199

9)

Pori

ng, c

. 500

m (

Wat

son,

201

0, A

KN

); c

anop

y w

alkw

ay

(R

hein

dt, 2

003;

tak

en t

o be

560

m);

Por

ing

(Mat

heve

et

al.,

2008

)

Spec

tacl

ed

Ara

chno

ther

a

700

560

to

at

leas

t 16

80

reco

rded

eas

tern

sid

e of

ne

ar P

orin

g he

adqu

arte

rs (

Ben

stea

d &

Ben

stea

d, 2

001;

Spid

erhu

nter

fl a

viga

ster

Kin

abal

u, u

nkno

wn

altit

ude;

A

ddis

on, 2

002)

; Po

ring

, c. 5

60 m

(H

ardi

ng, 2

011,

AK

N);

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

cano

py w

alkw

ay (

Rhe

indt

, 200

3; t

aken

to

be 5

60 m

);

Po

ring

(M

athe

ve e

t al

., 20

08)

Yel

low

-ear

ed

Ara

chno

ther

a

97

5 51

0

1220

re

cord

ed a

t Po

ring

(B

L);

25

0–45

0 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

Pori

ngSp

ider

hunt

er

chry

soge

nys

re

cord

nee

ds t

o be

(B

enst

ead

& B

enst

ead,

200

1; M

athe

ve e

t al

., 20

08);

see

n

corr

obor

ated

(Je

nkin

s et

al.,

“o

ccas

iona

lly i

n th

e fo

rest

at

Pori

ng”

(Add

ison

, 200

2);

19

96);

c. 9

75 m

at

Pori

ng

seen

at

510

m (

JBC

H);

can

opy

wal

kway

(R

hein

dt, 2

003;

(N

ezad

al, 1

991,

AK

N)

take

n to

be

560

m)

Bor

nean

Spi

derh

unte

r A

rach

noth

era

700

1515

53

0 21

00*

1530

70

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

c. 2

00 m

at

Seri

nsim

(Sh

eldo

n et

al.,

200

4);

ev

eret

ti

A

. affi

nis

ever

etti

nette

d at

210

0 m

, confi r

med

by

DN

A s

eque

ncin

g (S

held

on &

Moy

le, 2

008)

;

Po

ring

550

m (

Eck

ert,

2009

, Xen

o C

anto

);

530–

1531

m a

nd p

ossi

bly

to 1

756

m (

JBC

H);

90

0–10

00 m

at

Saya

p (M

oyle

& S

held

on, 2

000)

Whi

tehe

ad’s

A

rach

noth

era

1212

16

67

1450

20

00*

945–

2100

fr

eque

ntly

obs

erve

d at

ra

nge

from

AJB

dat

a (r

are

and

nom

adic

); 1

516–

1688

mSp

ider

hunt

er

julia

e

(210

0 is

fro

m

head

quar

ters

; so

mew

here

(J

BC

H)

Mt.

Tru

s M

adi)

be

twee

n pa

rk h

eadq

uart

ers

an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(Rob

erso

n, 1

988,

AK

N;

B

ono,

199

7, A

KN

)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Pas

seri

dae

Eur

asia

n T

ree

P

asse

r

51

6 15

50

to a

t le

ast

1400

Pori

ng (

Wal

lace

& W

alla

ce, 2

001)

; c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

imSp

arro

w

mon

tanu

s

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

04);

fl o

ck a

t M

esila

u (N

ewnh

am, 2

007;

take

n to

be

at l

east

190

0 m

); b

etw

een

park

hea

dqua

rter

s

an

d T

impo

hon

gate

(W

atso

n, 2

010,

AK

N;

Har

ding

, 201

1,

A

KN

); 5

16–5

23 m

(JB

CH

); 1

550

m a

t he

adqu

arte

rs (

AJB

)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Est

rild

idae

Taw

ny-b

reas

ted

E

ryth

rura

12

00

3273

15

00

1900

**

400–

3300

18

18–3

273

m

seen

at

1505

m, p

ossi

bly

hear

d up

to

2788

m (

JBC

H);

Parr

otfi n

ch

hype

ryth

ra

(J

enki

ns e

t al

., 19

96);

br

eedi

ng f

rom

c. 1

500–

1900

m, F

eb–A

pr.2

010

(AJB

);

2600

–310

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9);

thre

e at

Mes

ilau

(Gur

ney,

201

0);

prob

ably

hea

rd i

n

prob

ably

120

0–33

00 m

ba

mbo

o 30

0 m

abo

ve M

esila

u he

adqu

arte

rs (

JBC

H);

(S

held

on e

t al

., 20

01)

1–2

km a

bove

Tim

poho

n ga

te, s

umm

it tr

ail

(Rhe

indt

, 200

3)

Pin-

taile

d

Ery

thru

ra

15

75

none

giv

en

Dus

un r

ice fi e

lds

on K

inab

alu;

Parr

otfi n

ch

pras

ina

re

cord

fro

m p

ark

head

quar

ters

in

198

8

239


ppen

dix

2. C

ont’

d.

Eng

lish

nam

e

Scie

ntifi

c

Pas

t

Pas

t C

urre

nt

Cur

rent

M

axim

um

His

tori

cal

note

s C

urre

nt n

otes

na

me

low

er

uppe

r lo

wer

up

per

elev

atio

n in

mar

gin

m

argi

n m

argi

n m

argi

n B

orne

o (M

ann,

(m)

(m

) (

m)

(m

) 20

08)

(m)

Dus

ky M

unia

Lo

nchu

ra

500

1600

50

8 15

50

to a

t le

ast

1600

“s

een

at p

ark

head

quar

ters

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; br

eedi

ng a

t

fusc

ans

m

ore

freq

uent

ly i

n re

cent

55

0 in

Por

ing

(JB

CH

); 5

08–5

30 (

JBC

H);

bre

edin

g up

to

ye

ars”

(Je

nkin

s et

al.,

199

6);

15

50 m

nea

r he

adqu

arte

rs (

AJB

)

700,

160

0 m

(B

iun,

199

9)

Che

stnu

t M

unia

Lo

nchu

ra

500

1667

51

0

1680

co

llect

ed u

p to

550

0 ft

bef

ore

seen

at

Pori

ng (

Val

entin

e an

d T

hurm

ilang

an 2

008b

;

atri

capi

lla

19

78 b

y Pe

ters

; so

mew

here

G

urne

y 20

10);

ran

ge f

rom

JB

CH

dat

a

betw

een

head

quar

ters

and

T

impo

hon

gate

(R

ober

son,

198

8, A

KN

)

PASS

ER

IFO

RM

ES:

Mot

acill

idae

Fore

st W

agta

il D

endr

onan

thus

909

up t

o ab

out

1000

“H

arri

son”

saw

one

at

909

m

indi

cus

on

Kin

abal

u in

Feb

.195

2

Gre

y W

agta

il M

otac

illa

ci

nere

a 70

0 31

00

560

1900

**

to a

bout

180

0 Po

ring

, 28

Feb.

1989

c.

200

m a

t Se

rins

im (

Shel

don

et a

l., 2

004)

; M

esila

u

(Bat

chel

or, 1

991)

; 70

0–31

00 m

(B

isho

p, 2

010)

; Po

ring

, c. 5

60 m

(B

row

n, 2

011,

AK

N);

(B

iun,

199

9)

1900

m (

JBC

H)

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USING DIVERSE DATA SOURCES TO DETECT ELEVATIONAL … · 2012-09-07 · 189 THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2012 USING DIVERSE DATA SOURCES TO DETECT ELEVATIONAL RANGE CHANGES OF BIRDS