Using PGRs to Enhance Production PGRs for Perennial Plants · 1 Using PGRs to Enhance Production of Herbaceous Perennials Joyce Latimer Virginia Tech Perennials Program Blacksburg,

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Using PGRs to Enhance Production of Herbaceous Perennials

Joyce LatimerVirginia Tech Perennials Program

Blacksburg, VA

Using PGRs to Enhance Production of Herbaceous Perennials

Joyce LatimerVirginia Tech Perennials Program

Blacksburg, VA

Presented by:

PGRs for Perennial PlantsPGRs for Perennial Plants Crop and Cultivar

Growth habit

Clumping vs. upright

Greenhouse vs. nursery

Production time

Time of year

Length of production time

Container size

Green or in flower?

Crop and Cultivar

Growth habit

Clumping vs. upright

Greenhouse vs. nursery

Production time

Time of year

Length of production time

Container size

Green or in flower?

Achillea ‘Red Beauty’

Achillea ‘Red Beauty’

With slow-release fert

No slow-release fert

Overwintered with or without slow‐release fertilizer

Same PGR regime??

Overwintered with or without slow‐release fertilizer

Same PGR regime??

Cultural PracticesCultural Practices

Irrigation practices

Drier uses less PGR

Growing temperatures

Less PGR if cooler

Spacing

Light is best growth regulator

Light levels

Less PGR if higher

Shearing/pinching

Vigorous growth

Expanding PGR ToolboxExpanding PGR ToolboxType Chemical Products

Anti‐GA Ancymidol Abide, A‐Rest

Chlormequat Cl Citadel, Cycocel

Daminozide B‐Nine, Dazide

Flurprimidol Topflor

Paclobutrazol Bonzi, Paczol, Piccolo, Piccolo 10XC, Downsize (drenches only)

Uniconazole Concise, Sumagic

Structural BA Configure

GA FlorGib 4L, ProGibbT&O

BA+GA Fascination, Fresco

Dikegulac sodium Augeo

Ethephon Florel

BWhipker

Anti-GAs are Cell Elongation Inhibitors

Cell ExpansionCell Expansion

Shoot ApexShoot Apex

NewcellNewcell

PGRPGR

PGR

BWhipkerBWhipker

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Gaura lindheimeri‘Whirling Butterflies’Gaura lindheimeri

‘Whirling Butterflies’

Control Sumagic15 ppm

Sumagic30 ppm

Sumagic45 ppm

Sumagic60 ppm

Growth retardants reduce GROWTH not height! Growth retardants reduce GROWTH not height!

Control B‐Nine/ Cycocel5000/1500 ppm

B‐Nine5000 ppm

Gaura lindheimeri ‘Siskiyou Pink’Gaura lindheimeri ‘Siskiyou Pink’

Benefits of Growth RetardantsBenefits of Growth Retardants

Control plant growth (height or size)

Less space used per plant in production

Buffer period of growth control

Can meet shipping height requirements

Can ship more plants per load

Control plant growth (height or size)

Less space used per plant in production

Buffer period of growth control

Can meet shipping height requirements


Benefits of Growth RetardantsBenefits of Growth Retardants Improve plant quality &

uniformity

Deeper color

Strengthen stems

Plant height impacts perceived quality (balance)

May increase disease resistance

Increase stress resistance

Have less shrinkage (production losses)

Have longer shelf life (production and retail)

Improve plant quality & uniformity

Deeper color

Strengthen stems

Plant height impacts perceived quality (balance)

May increase disease resistance

Increase stress resistance

Have less shrinkage (production losses)

Have longer shelf life (production and retail)

Grower BenefitsGrower Benefits

Growers using PGRs: Reduce cost of production

Reduce shrinkage


Longer shelf life (greenhouse or retail)

PGRs higher quality and more saleable plants

Growers who use PGRs can make more MONEY!

Growers using PGRs: Reduce cost of production

Reduce shrinkage


Longer shelf life (greenhouse or retail)

PGRs higher quality and more saleable plants

Growers who use PGRs can make more MONEY!

PGRs – NO Soil ActivityPGRs – NO Soil Activity

Typically short‐term responses, multiple applications required

• Uptake by leaves; good coverage required

• Daminozide

• B‐Nine WSG (OHP)

• Dazide (Fine Americas)

Typically short‐term responses, multiple applications required

• Uptake by leaves; good coverage required

• Daminozide

• B‐Nine WSG (OHP)

• Dazide (Fine Americas)

Control B‐Nine5000 x 2

Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’

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PGRs – LIMITED Soil ActivityPGRs – LIMITED Soil Activity

• Some root uptake

• Primarily foliar applications; good coverage required

• Chlormequat Cl• Citadel (Fine Americas)

• Cycocel (OHP)

• NOT labeled for chemigation

• Cycocel labeled for outdoor application

• Labeled for tank mix with daminozide

• Some root uptake

• Primarily foliar applications; good coverage required

• Chlormequat Cl• Citadel (Fine Americas)

• Cycocel (OHP)

• NOT labeled for chemigation

• Cycocel labeled for outdoor application

• Labeled for tank mix with daminozide

Tank Mix Daminozide/Chlromequat ClTank Mix Daminozide/Chlromequat Cl

B‐Nine/Cycocel Tank Mix, 4 WAT Good control with single application B‐Nine/Cycocel Tank Mix, 4 WAT Good control with single application

Control 5000/1000

5000/2000

5000/3000

5000/4000

B‐Nine5000 ppm

Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’Veronica ‘Sunny Border Blue’

PGRs – Soil ACTIVEPGRs – Soil ACTIVE

• Taken up by shoot and root tissues

• Typically more potent than foliar only

• Ancymidol (labeled for chemigation)• Abide (Fine Americas)

• A‐Rest (SePRO)

• Flurprimidol (labeled for chemigation) • Topflor (SePRO)

• Taken up by shoot and root tissues

• Typically more potent than foliar only

• Ancymidol (labeled for chemigation)• Abide (Fine Americas)

• A‐Rest (SePRO)

• Flurprimidol (labeled for chemigation) • Topflor (SePRO)

Veronica ‘Icicle’Veronica ‘Icicle’

Abide drenches at 2 fl.oz. per quart pot

Plant ht: Control 10 inches vs. 8 ppm drench 4 inches

Abide drenches at 2 fl.oz. per quart pot

Plant ht: Control 10 inches vs. 8 ppm drench 4 inches

Control 2 ppm 4 ppm 6 ppm 8 ppm

6 WAT

PGRs – Soil ACTIVEPGRs – Soil ACTIVE

• Paclobutrazols (labeled for chemigation)

• Bonzi (Syngenta Professional Products)

• Downsize (Greenleaf Chemical)

• Paczol (OHP)

• Piccolo & Piccolo 10 XC (Fine Americas)

• Uniconazoles (not labeled for chemigation)

• Concise (Fine Americas)

• Sumagic (Valent USA)

• Paclobutrazols (labeled for chemigation)

• Bonzi (Syngenta Professional Products)

• Downsize (Greenleaf Chemical)

• Paczol (OHP)

• Piccolo & Piccolo 10 XC (Fine Americas)

• Uniconazoles (not labeled for chemigation)

• Concise (Fine Americas)

• Sumagic (Valent USA)

Piccolo 10XCPiccolo 10XC

• Fine Americas has introduced a more concentrated form of their paclobutrazol PGR Piccolo.• New formulation is 10x stronger• Smaller/ more convenient package size:

• 1 qt. Piccolo 10XC = 2.5 gal. Piccolo

• Overcomes the potential settling problems associated with all paclobutrazol formulations

• Trials throughout the U.S. by university researchers found similar efficacies with both Piccolo and Piccolo10XC.

• Fine Americas has introduced a more concentrated form of their paclobutrazol PGR Piccolo.• New formulation is 10x stronger• Smaller/ more convenient package size:

• 1 qt. Piccolo 10XC = 2.5 gal. Piccolo

• Overcomes the potential settling problems associated with all paclobutrazol formulations

• Trials throughout the U.S. by university researchers found similar efficacies with both Piccolo and Piccolo10XC.

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Relative Activity of Anti-GA PGRsRelative Activity of Anti-GA PGRs

AncymidolDaminozide

Chlormequat

Daminozide +Chlormequat

Paclobutrazol Uniconazole

LessLess MoreMore

FlurprimidolLeaf Substrate

StemBulb soak

BWhipker

Impact of PGR Choice on DosageImpact of PGR Choice on Dosage

• PGRs w/ No or Limited Soil Activity

• Dosage = rate (ppm of solution)

• Soil Active PGRs

• Dosage = [ppm] x [volume]

• PGRs w/ No or Limited Soil Activity

• Dosage = rate (ppm of solution)

• Soil Active PGRs

• Dosage = [ppm] x [volume]

Foliar SpraysFoliar Sprays

• Most often used,

economics, ease of use

• Volume critical for soil

active PGRs

• Uniformity of crop depends on uniformity of application

• Efficacy affected by environmental conditions and plant status

• Most often used,

economics, ease of use

• Volume critical for soil

active PGRs

• Uniformity of crop depends on uniformity of application

• Efficacy affected by environmental conditions and plant status

Soil Active = Volume is Critical!!Soil Active = Volume is Critical!!

• Apply evenly to the area, not to plants

• Use a constant volume – monitor equipment

• Apply evenly to the area, not to plants

• Use a constant volume – monitor equipment

50 ppm Bonzi

Control 1 gal/200 sf 2 gal/200 sf

Application UniformityApplication Uniformity

Control? 10 ppm Sumagic

Application Uniformity = Uniform Crop!Application Uniformity = Uniform Crop!

10 ppm Sumagic10 ppm Sumagic

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Other Spray Application NotesOther Spray Application Notes

• Addition of surfactant may be necessary for plants with waxy leaves• Check PGR label

• Spray applications have the most potential to delay flowering when applied late in crop

• Multiple applications may be required

• Uniformity of application produces uniform response

• Volume is an application tool

• Addition of surfactant may be necessary for plants with waxy leaves• Check PGR label

• Spray applications have the most potential to delay flowering when applied late in crop

• Multiple applications may be required

• Uniformity of application produces uniform response

• Volume is an application tool

Environmental Factors Improving AbsorptionEnvironmental Factors Improving Absorption

• Low drying conditions after application

• Select cloudy days, early morning or late afternoon for foliar applications

• Moderate temperatures

• High relative humidity

• Limited air movement

• Low drying conditions after application

• Select cloudy days, early morning or late afternoon for foliar applications

• Moderate temperatures

• High relative humidity

• Limited air movement

Liner Dips/Soaks – Soil Active PGRs Liner Dips/Soaks – Soil Active PGRs

• Dip root ball in PGR solution

• Plugs ready for irrigation = “dry” plug

• Early control of vigorous crops

• Flexibility of treatment (REI)

• Dip root ball in PGR solution


• Early control of vigorous crops

• Flexibility of treatment (REI)

Liner Dip – Bonzi on PerovskiaLiner Dip – Bonzi on Perovskia

• Goal is to provide baseline control of vigorous crops

• Make additional treatments later if necessary

• Goal is to provide baseline control of vigorous crops

• Make additional treatments later if necessary

Control 2 ppm 4 ppm 6 ppm 8 ppm 10 ppm

5 WAT

Liner Dip – Bonzi on PerovskiaLiner Dip – Bonzi on Perovskia


8 WAT

Liner Dip – Concise on MiscanthusLiner Dip – Concise on Miscanthus

• Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’

• Crops less responsive to spray applications

• Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gracillimus’

• Crops less responsive to spray applications


12 WAT

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Liner Dips/SoaksLiner Dips/Soaks


• Time not critical – 30 sec to 2 min

• Be consistent

• Plant immediately or hold them

• No loss of effectiveness of dip solution

• Less potential to delay flowering compared to overhead drench or foliar sprays


• Time not critical – 30 sec to 2 min

• Be consistent

• Plant immediately or hold them

• No loss of effectiveness of dip solution

• Less potential to delay flowering compared to overhead drench or foliar sprays

Expanding PGR ToolboxExpanding PGR ToolboxType Chemical Products

Anti‐GA Ancymidol Abide, A‐Rest

ChlormequatCl Citadel, Cycocel

Daminozide B‐Nine, Dazide

Flurprimidol Topflor

Paclobutrazol Bonzi, Paczol, Piccolo, Piccolo 10XC, Downsize (drenches only)

Uniconazole Concise, Sumagic

Structural BA Configure

GA FlorGib 4L, ProGibbT&O

BA+GA Fascination, Fresco

Dikegulac sodium Augeo

Ethephon Florel

BWhipker

Chemical Approach to BranchingChemical Approach to Branching

Release apical dominance

Increase branching and improve quality

Substitute for pinching

Pinching labor intensive

Pinching delays growth and bloom

Release apical dominance

Increase branching and improve quality

Substitute for pinching

Pinching labor intensive

Pinching delays growth and bloom

Goal is to improve plant architectureGoal is to improve plant architecture

Ross Koning

Florel Brand Growth Regulator (Monterey Chemical)Florel Brand Growth Regulator (Monterey Chemical)

Ethylene releasing compound

Absorbed by leaves

Delays flowering

Excessive at high rates

Enhances branching

Used on stock plants, hanging baskets, pansies

Broad label

Ethylene releasing compound

Absorbed by leaves

Delays flowering

Excessive at high rates

Enhances branching

Used on stock plants, hanging baskets, pansies

Broad label

Configure (Fine Americas, Inc.)Configure (Fine Americas, Inc.)

6‐BA (benzyladenine; promotes cell division)

Stimulates – but does not cause –branching or flowering

Windows of opportunity

Short period of activity

Multiple applications may be beneficial

Complete spray coverage required

Not actively transported throughout the plant

6‐BA (benzyladenine; promotes cell division)

Stimulates – but does not cause –branching or flowering

Windows of opportunity

Short period of activity

Multiple applications may be beneficial

Complete spray coverage required

Not actively transported throughout the plant

Augeo (OHP, Inc.)Augeo (OHP, Inc.)

Active ingredient 18% dikegulac‐sodium

Marketed as a branching agent

Apply early in the crop cycle to stimulate branching and allow ample time for new leaf growth to cover any yellowing or leaf necrosis that may occur

Broad label for spray applications on ornamentals

Active ingredient 18% dikegulac‐sodium

Marketed as a branching agent

Apply early in the crop cycle to stimulate branching and allow ample time for new leaf growth to cover any yellowing or leaf necrosis that may occur

Broad label for spray applications on ornamentals

®

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Configure on Agastache‘Purple Haze’

Configure on Agastache‘Purple Haze’

Finished liners branches 40% root weight

Finished liners branches 40% root weight

600x1300x2300x1Untreated600x1300x2300x1Untreated

Finished plants•Reduction in root weight of liners did not affect growth or appearance

Finished plants•Reduction in root weight of liners did not affect growth or appearance

Finished plantsFinished liners at 3 WAT

Configure on Gaura ‘Siskiyou Pink’Configure on Gaura ‘Siskiyou Pink’

Finished liners branches, leaders

Finished plants branches, leaders

Finished liners branches, leaders

Finished plants branches, leaders

Untreated 300 x 1 600 x 1300 x 2

Finished liners at 4 WAT

Finished plants

Untreated 300 x1 300 x2 600 x1

Configure on Gaura ‘Siskiyou Pink’

Control 600 ppm

• Increased number of shoots per pot at 4 WAT

• Control 5 vs. Configure 7.3 shoots/plt

• Increased lateral branching of shoots at 4 WAT

• Control 29.8 vs. Configure 39.4 branches/pot

• Increased number of shoots per pot at 4 WAT

• Control 5 vs. Configure 7.3 shoots/plt

• Increased lateral branching of shoots at 4 WAT

• Control 29.8 vs. Configure 39.4 branches/pot

Augeo and Configure on Nepeta‘Walker’s Low’Augeo and Configure on Nepeta‘Walker’s Low’

Finished liners at 2 WAT Augeo 800 & 1600 ppm branches

1600 ppm height Configure no effect branches

Finished liners at 2 WAT Augeo 800 & 1600 ppm branches

1600 ppm height Configure no effect branches

Au800Au400Untreated Au1600 Conf 600

Augeo and Configure on NepetaAugeo and Configure on Nepeta

Finished plants treated twice Augeo 1600 ppm branches

800ppm or 1600ppm height & shoot wt Configure: 600 ppm branches shoot wt

Finished plants treated twice Augeo 1600 ppm branches

800ppm or 1600ppm height & shoot wt Configure: 600 ppm branches shoot wt

Au 800x2Au 400x2Untreated Au 1600x2 Conf 600x2

Finished liners

branches

shoot wt 600 ppm

Finished liners

branches

shoot wt 600 ppm

Untreated

Configure on Phlox 'Bright Eyes'Configure on Phlox 'Bright Eyes'

600

Finished plants

branches 2 x 600 ppm

Finished plants

branches 2 x 600 ppm

Finished plants treated twice

Untreated 2 x 600


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Augeo on Rosmarinus 'Hill Hardy'Augeo on Rosmarinus 'Hill Hardy'

Finished liners, all trts leaders (150‐350%) branches (20%)

Finished liners, all trts leaders (150‐350%) branches (20%)

800400Untreated 1600


Finished plants 800, 1600 leaders branches

Finished plants 800, 1600 leaders branches

800400Untreated 1600

Finished plants after grow out

Augeo and Configure on Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’Augeo and Configure on Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’

Untreated 600 ppm


Finished plants treated twice

Finished linersAugeo branches

100% ‐200% height, shoot wt 1600

Configure branches 300%

Finished plantsAugeo branches 200% height, wt 800, 1600 phyto – yellowing

Configure• branches 200%

Finished linersAugeo branches

100% ‐200% height, shoot wt 1600

Configure branches 300%

Finished plantsAugeo branches 200% height, wt 800, 1600 phyto – yellowing

Configure• branches 200%

Au800Au400Untr Au1600 Conf 600

800x2400x2Untr 1600x2 600x2

Augeo and Florel on Veronica ‘Goodness Grows’Augeo and Florel on Veronica ‘Goodness Grows’

Finished liners Augeo and

Florelbranches

stunting Au 1600

Finished plants Augeo and

Florelbranches

stunting Au 800, 1600

Finished liners Augeo and

Florelbranches

stunting Au 1600

Finished plants Augeo and

Florelbranches

stunting Au 800, 1600

800400Untreated 1600 Florel Spr 500

800400Untreated 1600 Florel spr 500


Finished plants after grow out

Summary – Branching Agents Summary – Branching Agents

Branching agents can improve branching during plug/liner production

Decreases in rooting do not affect finished plant quality

Branching agents have phytotoxic effects on some crops

Branching agents have limited activity in some crops which indicates a value in reapplying branching agents to the plants shortly after transplanting liners to finished containers.

Branching agents can improve branching during plug/liner production

Decreases in rooting do not affect finished plant quality

Branching agents have phytotoxic effects on some crops

Branching agents have limited activity in some crops which indicates a value in reapplying branching agents to the plants shortly after transplanting liners to finished containers.

PGRs for Branching: Key PointsPGRs for Branching: Key Points

Spring applications before or at transplant if actively growing

Configure

300 to 600 ppm (multiple) applications

Augeo

400 to 800 ppm single application

Multiple appl if first is in liner stage

Florel

350 to 500 ppm single application in plug tray (if 6 to 8 weeks from market window)

Spring applications before or at transplant if actively growing

Configure

300 to 600 ppm (multiple) applications

Augeo

400 to 800 ppm single application

Multiple appl if first is in liner stage

Florel

350 to 500 ppm single application in plug tray (if 6 to 8 weeks from market window)

These are SOUTHERN, single application, rates

Northern growers start with half the growth retardant rates

Test rates and application methods under your greenhouse or nursery conditions

These are SOUTHERN, single application, rates

Northern growers start with half the growth retardant rates

Test rates and application methods under your greenhouse or nursery conditions

Specific Crop ResponsesSpecific Crop Responses

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Configure on Echinacea ‘Magnus’Configure on Echinacea ‘Magnus’

Control 900 ppm

Echinacea (# branches at 4 WAT)Echinacea (# branches at 4 WAT)

Cultivar Control Configure 600 ppm

Magnus 3.8 6.6

White Swan 2.4 11.4

Doubledecker 1.2 4.6

Ruby Star 4.4 11.2

Tiki Torch 1.7 4.1

Merlot 1.3 2.9

Fragrant Angel 2.6 4.4Control 600 ppm

Merlot 6WAT

Echinacea purpurea ‘White Swan’ at 8 WAPEchinacea purpurea ‘White Swan’ at 8 WAP

Untreated 600 ppmConfigure

Control 0 WAP 1 WAP 2 WAP 3 WAP 4 WAP

Final Number of Basal BranchesFinal Number of Basal Branches Earlier Pot Fill with ConfigureEarlier Pot Fill with Configure

• Echinacea ‘White Swan’ at 4 WAP

• Improved pot fill with earlier applications

• Echinacea ‘White Swan’ at 4 WAP

• Improved pot fill with earlier applications

Control1.7 br

0 WAP4.8 br

1 WAP5.5 br

2 WAP 3.8 br

3 WAP2.8 br

Configure: Key Points for EchinaceaConfigure: Key Points for Echinacea

• Spring applications:

• In plug flat or within 3 weeks after planting plugs

• Actively growing with good root growth

• Single application of 600 ppm or multiple applications of 300 ppm at 2‐wk interval

• Summer/Fall applications:

• As above with multiple applications of 300 to 600 ppm

• Repeat Configure application(s) in Spring

• Spring applications:

• In plug flat or within 3 weeks after planting plugs

• Actively growing with good root growth

• Single application of 600 ppm or multiple applications of 300 ppm at 2‐wk interval

• Summer/Fall applications:

• As above with multiple applications of 300 to 600 ppm

• Repeat Configure application(s) in Spring

Augeo on Echinacea ‘Sombrero Hot Pink’

• 800 and 1600 ppm Augeo increased branching; 8 WAT

• Control 6.0 vs. 1600 ppm 9.5 branches (fewer flowers)

• 800 and 1600 ppm Augeo increased branching; 8 WAT

• Control 6.0 vs. 1600 ppm 9.5 branches (fewer flowers)

400 ppmControl 800 ppm 1600 ppm 3200 ppm

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Echinacea ‘Ruby Star’

Topflor <45 ppm

Multiple appl of 20 to 25 ppm

Topflor <45 ppm

Multiple appl of 20 to 25 ppm

Control Topflor22 ppm x2

Topflor22 ppm

Topflor45 ppm

Echinacea PGR RecsEchinacea PGR Recs Sumagic/Concise: 15 to 30 ppm; 1 ppm drench

Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol/Downsize: 30 to 40 ppm sprays; 6 ppm drench

B‐Nine/Dazide: 5000 ppm, multiple appl

B‐Nine/Dazide –Citadel/Cycocel: 5000/1500 ppm

Topflor: 25 ppm

Abide/A‐Rest: 30 ppm

Configure: 300 to 600 ppm (multiple)

Augeo (finish only): 800 ppm

Sumagic/Concise: 15 to 30 ppm; 1 ppm drench

Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol/Downsize: 30 to 40 ppm sprays; 6 ppm drench


B‐Nine/Dazide –Citadel/Cycocel: 5000/1500 ppm

Topflor: 25 ppm

Abide/A‐Rest: 30 ppm

Configure: 300 to 600 ppm (multiple)

Augeo (finish only): 800 ppm

Coreopsis grandiflora ‘Sunray’

Paclobutrazol 80+ppm, multiple applications

Concise/Sumagic 40 to 60 ppm, cv dependant

B‐Nine/Dazide 5000 ppm; Tank Mix also effective

Paclobutrazol 80+ppm, multiple applications

Concise/Sumagic 40 to 60 ppm, cv dependant

B‐Nine/Dazide 5000 ppm; Tank Mix also effective

Control Bonzi200 ppm

B‐Nine5000 ppm

Bonzi100 ppm

Coreopsis ‘Sweet Dreams’

Paczol liner dip, 4 WAT

“Dry” plugs, 2 min

Paczol liner dip, 4 WAT

“Dry” plugs, 2 min

Control 2 ppm 4 ppm


Piccolo 10XC; Quadratic reductions in height and width with increasing rate

Piccolo 10XC; Quadratic reductions in height and width with increasing rate

2 ppm liner dip

1 ppm liner dip

4 ppm liner dip

8 ppm liner dip

Control

2 WAT


Piccolo 10 XC; Height NS; width reduced higher rates No treatment effect on days to flower Piccolo 10 XC; Height NS; width reduced higher rates No treatment effect on days to flower

2 ppm liner dip

1 ppm liner dip

4 ppm liner dip

8 ppm liner dip

Control

4 WAT

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Configure on Coreopsis‘American Dreams’

Battlefield Farms

Configure on Coreopsis‘American Dreams’

Battlefield Farms

Control 300 ppm 600 ppm

Hemerocallis ‘Hyperion’Hemerocallis ‘Hyperion’

Bonzi sprays, 4 WAT, little control Bonzi sprays, 4 WAT, little control

Control 45 ppm 180 ppm90 ppm

Hemerocallis ‘Hyperion’Hemerocallis ‘Hyperion’

Bonzi drenches, 4 WAT, moderate control Bonzi drenches, 4 WAT, moderate control

Control 2 ppm 8 ppm4 ppm

‘Hyperion’ Daylily – Drench vs. Spray‘Hyperion’ Daylily – Drench vs. Spray

Bonzi Drenches2, 4, 8 ppm

Control Bonzi Sprays45, 90, 180 ppm

9 WAT

Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Grenache’Hibiscus moscheutos ‘Grenache’

6 WAT, Sumagic saturated response between 0.5 and 1.0 ppm drench (10 fl.oz.per pot)

6 WAT, Sumagic saturated response between 0.5 and 1.0 ppm drench (10 fl.oz.per pot)

Control 0.5 ppmDrench

1.0 ppmDrench

1.5 ppmDrench

20 ppmSpray

Monarda didyma Jacob Cline’Monarda didyma Jacob Cline’

Control 30ppm 1x

15 ppm2x

15 ppm1x

Sumagic, multiple applications, 4 WAT Sumagic, multiple applications, 4 WAT

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Monarda ‘Jacob Cline’Monarda ‘Jacob Cline’

Topflor foliar spray, 4 WAT Topflor foliar spray, 4 WAT

Control 60 ppm30 ppm 45 ppm15 ppm

Monarda PGR RecsMonarda PGR Recs

Cultivar differences

B‐Nine/Dazide multiple appl 5000 ppm

Concise/Sumagic 15 to 30 ppm

Little response to paclobutrazol

Topflor <30 ppm

Cultivar differences

B‐Nine/Dazide multiple appl 5000 ppm

Concise/Sumagic 15 to 30 ppm

Little response to paclobutrazol

Topflor <30 ppm

Penstemon digitalis ‘Husker Red’Penstemon digitalis ‘Husker Red’

Concise reduced height, width, and shoot dry weightConcise reduced height, width, and shoot dry weight

Control 10 ppmSpray

20 ppmSpray

0.5 ppmDrench

1 ppmDrench

4 WAT

Penstemon ‘Laura’Penstemon ‘Laura’

4 ppm liner dip

2 ppm liner dip

8 ppm liner dip

16 ppm liner dip

Control

2 WAT

Piccolo 10 XC Piccolo 10 XC

4 ppm liner dip

2 ppm liner dip

8 ppm liner dip

16 ppm liner dip

Control

4 WAT

Penstemon ‘Laura’Penstemon ‘Laura’

Piccolo 10 XC Piccolo 10 XC

Penstemon PGR RecsPenstemon PGR Recs

Concise/Sumagic: 5 to 10 ppm sprays; <<0.5 ppm drench

Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol: 25 to 30 ppm sprays; 8 to 16 ppm liner dips


Tank Mix: B‐Nine/Dazide + Citadel/Cycocel: 5000 + 1500 ppm

Topflor: unknown, test 20 to 30 ppm sprays

Configure: 600 ppm

Concise/Sumagic: 5 to 10 ppm sprays; <<0.5 ppm drench

Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol: 25 to 30 ppm sprays; 8 to 16 ppm liner dips


Tank Mix: B‐Nine/Dazide + Citadel/Cycocel: 5000 + 1500 ppm

Topflor: unknown, test 20 to 30 ppm sprays

Configure: 600 ppm

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Phlox subulata ‘Apple Blossom’Phlox subulata ‘Apple Blossom’

Piccolo gave moderate control of plant width at 6 WAT

Piccolo gave moderate control of plant width at 6 WAT

Control 40 ppm 80 ppm 160 ppm120 ppm

Phlox paniculata ‘David’Phlox paniculata ‘David’

Concise liner dips on hard to control crops

“Dry” plugs, 2 min.

6 WAT

Concise liner dips on hard to control crops

“Dry” plugs, 2 min.

6 WAT


Augeo on Phlox paniculata ‘Laura’

• 1600 ppm increased branching at 4 WAT

• Control 13.3 vs. 1600 ppm 26.8 branches

• No phyto but 3200 ppm stunted plants

• 1600 ppm increased branching at 4 WAT

• Control 13.3 vs. 1600 ppm 26.8 branches

• No phyto but 3200 ppm stunted plants

400 ppmControl 800 ppm 1600 ppm 3200 ppm

Configure on Phlox ‘Laura’Configure on Phlox ‘Laura’

Configure increased branching, 6 WAT

Control 15.7 vs. 600 ppm 21.0 breaks

Configure increased branching, 6 WAT

Control 15.7 vs. 600 ppm 21.0 breaks

Control 600 ppm

Concise on Rudbeckia ‘Goldsturm’Concise on Rudbeckia ‘Goldsturm’

Control 30ppm 45ppm 60ppm15ppm

Spray 4 WAT

Control 0.5ppm 1.0ppm 1.5ppm 2.0ppm

Drench 4 WAT


Liner Dip 6 WAT

Concise on Rudbeckia ‘Goldsturm’

Control 0.5ppm 1.0ppm 1.5ppm 2.0ppm

Drench 4 WAT

14

Salvia leucanthaSalvia leucantha

Linear height response to increasing rates Linear height response to increasing rates

Control 60 ppm45 ppm30 ppm15 ppm

Sumagic

Salvia ‘Indigo Spires’Salvia ‘Indigo Spires’

Sumagic15 ppm

Control Sumagic30 ppm

Sumagic45 ppm

Sumagic60 ppm

Sumagic moderate control at 45 to 60 ppm, 2 WAT; persisted through 4 WAT

Sumagic moderate control at 45 to 60 ppm, 2 WAT; persisted through 4 WAT

Salvia PGR Recs

B‐Nine/Dazide at 5000 ppm, multiple applications

B‐Nine/Dazide – Citadel/Cycocel Tank Mix, good response

Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol: 60 to 80 ppm, multiple applications

Concise/Sumagic: 15 to 30 ppm

Topflor: 45 ppm

B‐Nine/Dazide at 5000 ppm, multiple applications

B‐Nine/Dazide – Citadel/Cycocel Tank Mix, good response

Piccolo/Piccolo 10 XC/Bonzi/Paczol: 60 to 80 ppm, multiple applications

Concise/Sumagic: 15 to 30 ppm

Topflor: 45 ppm

Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’

Bonzi, 4 WAT, good control with higher rates Bonzi, 4 WAT, good control with higher rates

Control Bonzi40 ppm

Bonzi80 ppm

Bonzi120 ppm

Bonzi160 ppm

Control 75 ppm1x

37 ppm2x

37 ppm1x

Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’Sedum ‘Autumn Joy’

Topflor, multiple applications Topflor, multiple applications

Bonzi

Sumagic

Topflor

•Sedum ‘Matrona’

•6 WAT•Width control

•NR to

B‐Nine or tank mix

0 40

0

0

120

120 16080

15 30 45 60

30 60 90

15

Veronica ‘Icicle’ – 4 WATVeronica ‘Icicle’ – 4 WAT

Drench 2 ppm

Spray 80 ppmPic 10XCBonzi

Veronica repens ‘Sunshine’Veronica repens ‘Sunshine’

Piccolo, 6 WAT, excessive control Piccolo, 6 WAT, excessive control

Control 40 ppm 80 ppm 160 ppm120 ppm

RecordkeepingRecordkeeping

• Keep untreated plants as controls

• Note PGR, rates, and volumes

• Note growth stages and development, cultural details

• Note weather conditions at and after application

• Record assessment of effect of the treatment

• Keep untreated plants as controls

• Note PGR, rates, and volumes

• Note growth stages and development, cultural details

• Note weather conditions at and after application

• Record assessment of effect of the treatment

Successful PGR UseSuccessful PGR Use

Learn about PGRs Plan to use PGRs Do your own research and testing; leave untreated

plants PGRs are tools just like fertilizer and water Know your plant materials Adjust rates and timing to environmental conditions

and your own cultural practices Practice using PGRs Use proper rate and volume; check your math

Read the label Pay close attention to equipment to apply proper volume Keep records to refine your skill/art

Learn about PGRs Plan to use PGRs Do your own research and testing; leave untreated

plants PGRs are tools just like fertilizer and water Know your plant materials Adjust rates and timing to environmental conditions

and your own cultural practices Practice using PGRs Use proper rate and volume; check your math

Read the label Pay close attention to equipment to apply proper volume Keep records to refine your skill/art

Benefits of Using PGRsBenefits of Using PGRs

• Grower using PGRs:

• Less space used per plant (↓ cost of prod)• Have less shrinkage (↓ production losses)• Have longer shelf life (production and retail)

• Can meet shipping height requirements

• Can ship more plants per load

• Plant height impacts perceived quality

• PGRs: higher quality and most saleable

• Grower using PGRs:

• Less space used per plant (↓ cost of prod)• Have less shrinkage (↓ production losses)• Have longer shelf life (production and retail)

• Can meet shipping height requirements

• Can ship more plants per load

• Plant height impacts perceived quality

• PGRs: higher quality and most saleable

PGRMIX MASTERPGRMIX MASTER

Univ. New Hampshire & Fine Americas, Inc.

Apple Store for iPad & iPhone

Android Market for Android

Blackberry version at UNH site

http://extension.unh.edu/Agric/AGGHFL/PGRMixMasterHome.htm

Univ. New Hampshire & Fine Americas, Inc.

Apple Store for iPad & iPhone

Android Market for Android

Blackberry version at UNH site

http://extension.unh.edu/Agric/AGGHFL/PGRMixMasterHome.htm

16

PGR Rates for PerennialsPGR Rates for Perennials

Sponsored by Fine Americas, Inc.

Insert in March 2012 GrowerTalks

Sponsored by Fine Americas, Inc.

Insert in March 2012 GrowerTalks

• Product labels and use guides, such as from Fine Americas: www.fine‐americas.com/Content/prodL.asp?id=85

• Virginia Tech: http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/430/430‐103/430‐103.html

• Virginia Tech PGR rates for perennials (searchable database): http://www.hort.vt.edu/floriculture

• Univ Maryland IPM http://www.ipmnet.umd.edu/greenhouse/grnhs_pubs.htm

• North Carolina State University: www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/floriculture/crop/crop_PGR.htm

• Michigan State University: www.flor.hrt.msu.edu/pgrs

• University of New Hampshire Floriculture Calculators http://extension.unh.edu/Agric/AGGHFL/PGRMixMasterHome.htm

For More PGR InformationFor More PGR Information

For More Information:For More Information:

Joyce Latimer540‐231‐7906

[email protected]

http://www.hort.vt.edu/floriculture

Joyce Latimer540‐231‐7906

[email protected]

http://www.hort.vt.edu/floriculture

April 17, 2012

Documents

Using PGRs to Enhance Production PGRs for Perennial Plants · 1 Using PGRs to Enhance Production of Herbaceous Perennials Joyce Latimer Virginia Tech Perennials Program Blacksburg,