VALERI, Avignon 10 March 2005 Stephen Plummer (IGBP@ESA), Olivier Arino (ESA), Freddy Fierens (VITO Consortium), Jing Chen (U. Toronto), Gerard Dedieu

10 March 2005VALERI, Avignon

Stephen Plummer (IGBP@ESA), Olivier Arino (ESA),

Freddy Fierens (VITO Consortium),

Jing Chen (U. Toronto), Gerard Dedieu (CESBIO), Muriel Simon (SERCO),

Wolfgang Cramer (PIK), Philippe Ciais (LSCE), Shaun Quegan (CTCD), Martin Schultz and Judith Hoelzemann (MPI), Mike Raupach (GCP).

THE GLOBCARBON INITIATIVE


Carbon Data Assimilation

Geo-referenced emissions inventories


Atmospheric measurements


Remote sensing of atmospheric CO2

Remote sensing of Remote sensing of atmospheric COatmospheric CO22

Atmospheric Transport Model


Ocean Carbon Model

Ocean Carbon Model Terrestrial

Carbon ModelTerrestrial

Carbon Model

Remote sensing of vegetation properties

Growth cycleFires

BiomassRadiation

Land cover/use

Ocean remote sensingOcean colour

AltimetryWindsSSTSSS

Water column inventories

Ocean time seriesBiogeochemical

pCO2

Surface observation

pCO2

nutrients

Optimised model

parameters

Optimised model

parameters

Optimised fluxes

Optimised fluxes

Ecological studies

Biomass soil carbon

inventories

Eddy-covariance flux towers

Coastal studiesCoastal studies

rivers

Lateral fluxes

Data assimilation

link

Climate and weather fields





Remote sensing of atmospheric CO2

Remote sensing of Remote sensing of atmospheric COatmospheric CO22



Ocean Carbon Model

Ocean Carbon Model Terrestrial

Carbon ModelTerrestrial

Carbon Model

Remote sensing of vegetation properties

Growth cycleFires

BiomassRadiation

Land cover/use

Ocean remote sensingOcean colour

AltimetryWindsSSTSSS

Water column inventories

Ocean time seriesBiogeochemical

pCO2

Surface observation

pCO2

nutrients

Optimised model

parameters

Optimised model

parameters

Optimised fluxes

Optimised fluxes

Ecological studies

Biomass soil carbon

inventories

Eddy-covariance flux towers

Coastal studiesCoastal studies

rivers

Lateral fluxes

Data assimilation

link

Climate and weather fields

To feed in to this Earth observation must deliver long time series estimates of global vegetation behaviour.


Will examine the use of GLOBCARBON products within OpTIC model-data fusion experiment

The ‘Champion’ Users

Will examine the use of GLOBCARBON products in the Lund-Potsdam-Jena (LPJ) DGVM

Will examine the use of fire statistics in the MOZART-2 Atmospheric Chemistry model

Will examine the use of GLOBCARBON products with the Sheffield DGVM (S-DGVM)

Will examine the use of GLOBCARBON products within LSCE DGVM and Atmospheric Chemistry models

Four key research institutes and one key programme involved to specify needs and use products:


General User NeedsFor Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models:

There is a particular need for information on vegetation amount (ideally biomass or leaf area index), area burned, and vegetation temporal variability.

These should be global, in a consistent format, and all data products should be available from one place.

Consistency is more important than outright accuracy (within limits).

The products should be multi-annual with 5 years being the minimum but incorporating both average and extreme conditions e.g. El Ninõ.

Products should come with spatial heterogeneity information ideally at the highest available resolution.

The spatial resolution requirements are 0.5°, 0.25° and 10km.

The temporal resolution initially on a time step of 1 month but better higher, possibly bi-weekly.


• develop a service quasi-independent of the original Earth Observation source.

• focus on a system to estimate:

Burned area

fAPAR and LAI

Vegetation growth cycle

• cover six complete years: 1998 to 2003 (now up to 2007)

• cover VEGETATION, ATSR-2, ENVISAT (AATSR, MERIS)

• be applicable to existing archives and future satellite systems

• be available at resolutions of ¼, ½ degree and 10km with statistics

• build on the existing research experience

ObjectivesThe fully funded phase will:


VEGETATIONATSR-2 MERISAATSR

Aerosols

ECMWF

ACE DEM

GOME/TOMS

SMAC Coefficients

OPERATIONS (SADIST-2, ENVISAT Processor, CTIV)

Land Cover

Active fire

fAPAR, LAIfAPAR, LAI

Burned Area

Burned Area

VGCPVGCP

Archive

SMAC

CloudDetection

Calibration

Band Normalise

BA Processor

Curve fit

Generate fAPAR

LUT for LAI

GLOBCARBON Processor


ATSR-2 VEGETATIONGLC’2000

Leaf Area Index - 1


5.63

4.93

7.64

5.84

6.85

7.59

1.15

2.70

1.44

1.79

1.782.03

8.00

4.07

7.25

6.42

5.13

1.70 1.80

0.90

1.95

1.25

1.75

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Sample Site

LA

ILeaf Area Index - 3


the process of assessing by independent means the quality of the data products derived from the system outputs

• Inter-comparison – not senso stricto validation because comparison with similar products which may or may not be more reliable than those under test

• Absolute validation – sampling in situ and scaling up but major problems with approach and data availability

CEOS WGCV DefinitionCEOS WGCV Definition

Validation - Definition


Inter-comparison

• GLOBCARBON has overlap with a variety of GLOBCARBON has overlap with a variety of similar products. Three are being considered for similar products. Three are being considered for inter-comparison e.g. Boston-AVHRR-LAI, inter-comparison e.g. Boston-AVHRR-LAI, Boston/MODIS-LAIBoston/MODIS-LAI, Cyclopes., Cyclopes.

• The reliability test for LAI - three IGBP transects The reliability test for LAI - three IGBP transects (Kalahari, Siberia and Amazonia) and temporally (Kalahari, Siberia and Amazonia) and temporally to one month (June, 2000). to one month (June, 2000).

• 2 levels:2 levels:

Direct comparison with MOD15A2 8-day Direct comparison with MOD15A2 8-day composite products at 1km of resolutioncomposite products at 1km of resolution - - FLUXNET ASCII sitesFLUXNET ASCII sites

inter-comparison on the entire test transect inter-comparison on the entire test transect area to allow a more significant statistical area to allow a more significant statistical test. Monthly composites of MOD15A2 test. Monthly composites of MOD15A2 products (MOD15_BU) used.products (MOD15_BU) used.


Inter-comparison Results

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 90

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Amazonia Sites

good data bad data

GB

C s

ite L

AI

MOD15A2 site LAI

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.00.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

Kahalari Sites

GB

C m

ea

n L

AI

MOD15A2 mean LAI

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 70

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Siberia Sites

GB

C m

ea

n L

AI

MOD15A2 mean LAI

MODIS:2 dates in June 3x3 pixel mean around flux tower after re-projection, quality flag filter

GLOBCARBON:3x3 pixel mean over the corresponding week


Inter-comparison Amazon

water 0-0.2 0.3-0.6 0.7-0.9 1-1.9 2-2.9 3-3.9 4-8 no data

-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Amazonia Transect

Pix

els

Fre

quen

cy

GBC LAI - MOD LAI


-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 80.00

0.02

0.04

0.06

0.08

0.10

0.12

0.14

0.16

Kahalari Transect

Pix

els

Fre

qu

en

cyGBC LAI - MOD LAI

water 0-0.2 0.3-0.6 0.7-0.9 1-1.9 2-2.9 3-3.9 4-8 no data

Inter-comparison Kalahari


-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 80.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Siberia Transect

Pix

els

Fre

quen

cy

GBC LAI - MOD LAI

water 0-0.2 0.3-0.6 0.7-0.9 1-1.9 2-2.9 3-3.9 4-8 no data

Inter-comparison Siberia


Abs Validation - Criteria

• The criteria for site sampling in GLOBCARBON are:

Size: the validation sites must correspond to the spatial resolution (1 km2 +/- 1).Homogeneity: each site should be relatively homogeneous, i.e. the biophysical variable value must change only marginally when shifting the position of a 1 km2 pixel.Topography: the area should be relatively flat.Biome type: the variability of biomes and conditions encountered over the Earth’s surface must be adequately sampled. For GLOBCARBON samples should be acquired for each of the land cover classes of GLC’2000.Number of sites: the number of sites used should comprise an adequate sampling of each of the qualifying land cover classes.Season: coverage should include the range of vegetation conditions exhibited over the course of a growing season.


CYTTARES: a network of sites representative of all biomes and conditions: 420 sites

Abs Validation - Ideal


Abs Validation - Ideal

• Plan your validation (especially Plan your validation (especially secure access to data) before secure access to data) before you initiate your projectyou initiate your project

• Adopt a standard protocol for Adopt a standard protocol for the validation (e.g. CEOS Cal the validation (e.g. CEOS Cal Val or GOFC/GOLD)Val or GOFC/GOLD)

• Use all available in situ and Use all available in situ and high resolution data following high resolution data following specific criteriaspecific criteria


Abs Validation - GLOBCARBON

• Plan your validation (esp access to data) before you Plan your validation (esp access to data) before you initiate your projectinitiate your project

• GLOBCARBON is archive processing so validation GLOBCARBON is archive processing so validation must rely on existing databases e.g. VALERI, must rely on existing databases e.g. VALERI, BigFoot, CCRS, BostonBigFoot, CCRS, Boston

• Adopt a standard protocol for the validation (e.g. Adopt a standard protocol for the validation (e.g. CEOS Cal Val or GOFC/GOLDCEOS Cal Val or GOFC/GOLD

• In GLOBCARBON it is presumed that the In GLOBCARBON it is presumed that the validation data provided respect the protocolsvalidation data provided respect the protocols

• Use all available in situ and high resolution dataUse all available in situ and high resolution data

• GLOBCARBON is an industrial contract – GLOBCARBON is an industrial contract – deadlines are real and only the data that are deadlines are real and only the data that are available within those times will be used. Final available within those times will be used. Final deadline for inputs is 15deadline for inputs is 15thth June June


Validation - Reality


• To feed in to the Global Carbon Project Earth observation must deliver long time series, consistent estimates of global vegetation behaviour complete with accuracy/quality figures.

• GLOBCARBON will deliver 10 complete years (1998 to 2007) of global vegetation products to the DGVM and atmospheric chemistry modelling community at resolutions of ¼, ½ degree and 10 km.

• Timeline:GLOBCARBON has now entered the operational production phase.

Validation and inter-comparison are key elements. All data must be available before 15th June 2005 (In the hands of the industrial contractor).

• Validation and inter-comparison Data still needed (LAI, burned area) – must be available by 15th June. LAI maps derived from ETM or SPOT following standard protocols Inter-comparison data – MODIS, BU-AVHRR, Cyclopes

• Product Release (1998-2003): December 2005

Conclusions


Acknowledgements

• Many thanks to all the people who have contributed data for the validation of GLOBCARBON LAI including:

– R. Fernandes and CCRS colleagues– R. Myneni and the Boston team – W. Cohen and the BigFoot team– J. Privette for MODLAND and for ground data for

SAFARI/LBA– J. Morisette for CEOS LPV image data– Frederic Baret. Marie Weiss and the VALERI team– P. Saccon, Joanneum/Bahia, Brazil


Please feed me data

Thank You

Documents

VALERI, Avignon 10 March 2005 Stephen Plummer (IGBP@ESA), Olivier Arino (ESA), Freddy Fierens (VITO Consortium), Jing Chen (U. Toronto), Gerard Dedieu