Presented by Dr Chris Piddington

VertaseFLI

The UK experience and its applicability to the Irish market

Brightwater FLIWater

Engineering

ABiC FLIEngineering

Services

3NRGMunicipal

WasteTo Energy

FLI FranceLandfill Lining

Specialist Lining

Vertase FLIRemediation

Lining Applications

FLI Eire Special Projects

World Wide

FLI EireLandfill Lining

The FLI Group

In-situ Bio

Contaminated Land Capability

Ex-situ Bio

Ex-situ Vapour Extraction

Vapour Extraction

Cement Based

Fixation

Hazardous Waste Pre-Treatment

Hazardous WasteStabilisation

Excavation and Disposal

Surfactant Addition

Thermal Enhancementsand Treatments

Stabilisation

Air Sparging

Pump and Treat

In-situ Chemical

Oxidisation

Free Product Recovery

Biochemical Amendments

Thermal Enhancements

Physical Barriers and Permeable Reactive Barriers

Enhanced Natural

AttenuationDual or Multi Phase Extraction

Presentation Overview

Today I want to present case studies of three of our recent projects.

They are each very different sites, each with different histories, different remedial solutions and different uses post remediation.

However, one common factor is that they all represent remedial solutions equally applicable in the UK as in Ireland.

In each instance the remediation elements were conceived, designed and executed by VertaseFLI

What is the Irish Market?Within the UK site based remediation has a relatively short track record extending back approximately 20 years.However fair to say that within Ireland there has been limited on site remediation to date.Hard to estimate extent of the contaminated land problem but EPA estimate that there are over 2,500 sites that potentially pose a risk to environmental receptors, including up to 80 disused gasworks sites.In 2006 over 400,000T of contaminated material was exported from development sites, potentially this could have been treatedon site.However there is a growing recognition, aided by evolving European Legislation that on-site remediation represent a cost effective, sustainable and appropriate solution for brownfield sites.The case studies presented all illustrate situations and solutions that are applicable to the Irish market place.

Case Study 1Cannock, Bellway Homes, Pritchard Developments, Former Automotive

Lighting Factory

Large scale demolition and decommission effluent treatment plant.Significant underground structures to be removed.Uplift, crush and recycle all concrete slabs and remove below ground obstructions and foundations.Ex-situ Bioremediation of selected soils from earthworks cut to fill.3 separate in-situ treatment areas for removal of TCE and Chlorinated Solvents.Cut to fill earthworks and provision of piling mats.

Value: £1,000,000 (demolition, remediation and earthworks).Duration 42 Weeks total.Techniques, Air Sparging and Soil Vapour Extraction, Ex situ biological treatment.

Reclamation Strategy

Warehouse Facility to be Demolished

Ongoing demolition with careful segregation and recycling of materials

Below ground structures and basements requiring removal

Concrete slab lifted, underlying soils chemically tested

Concrete slab crushed, tested and re-used on site.

Treatment Well Installation and Well Monitoring Works

System Installation and Surface of Vapour Recovery Trenches

Process Plant including effluent treatment

Schematic of Treatment Configuration

Well Monitoring Data.

Cannock Lakeside Area 1 Cumulative Removal (kg)

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Cannock Lakeside Area 2 Cumulative Removal

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Treatment system recovery data.

Earthworks to achieve site development levels

Case Study 2Former Chemical & Tar Works, Cadishead, Manchester

Scheme Headlines

o Value: £3,200,000

o Site Area: 65,000m2

o Contaminated soil: 120,000m3

o Contaminants: Tar, Oils, Diesel, Naphthalene, BTEX, Phenol

o Geology: Made ground over Alluvial Silts over Sandstone

o Groundwater plumes: 3

o Development plans: 380 New Homes

o Timescale: 70 weeks

o Terms: Lump Sum All Risk

Soil Problems

Site Soils Contaminated With: General Oils and HydrocarbonsPAH’sPhenolsBTEXNaphthalene

From Surface to 5 Metres:

Total Volume = 120,000m3

Geotechnically Unsuitable = 60,000m3

Chemically Unsuitable = 120,000m3

Ground Water ProblemsShallow groundwater within made ground severely impactedFree product over significant area of the site

Contaminated with: PhenolsPAHHydrocarbonsBTEXNaphthaleneCreosoteTars

Deep Groundwater 5-8m below ground level

Contaminated with: PhenolsNaphthaleneBTEX

Reclamation StrategyComplete demolition and re-use all available materials on-site wherever possible

Recover all effluent from underground structures.

Gain access to shallow perched effluent table for dewatering and treatment on site

Excavate contaminated soils, characterise on-site and process for treatment

wherever possible.

Segregate materials for treatment by biological methods, ex-situ vapour recovery,

ex-situ oxidation or off site disposal.

Remediate deeper groundwater and remove as much mass as practicable.

Provide capillary break layer and levels at the site to allow for clean cover layer.

Restore site for Housing, with detailed geotechnical specification to allow for no

geotechnical abnormals.

Pre-Remediation Planning and PhasingPetroleum Contamination 0.5 to 1m Phased Works Plan

Sequence of Works

Phase 5 (48 weeks)

Installation and operation of 3 dedicated in-situ systems to treat deeper groundwater plumes.

One plume general hydrocarbons

One plume Phenol and xylene

One plume naphthalene

Systems installed beneath Bio treatment beds

Phase 1 (4 weeks)

Mobilise water treatment plant

Dig Grips across site to collect free oils and water

Dewater made ground for excavation

Phase 2 (4 weeks)

Demolish remaining buildings

Uplift slabs

Remove foundations

Recycle and treat hard standing

Phase 3 (40 weeks)

Excavate site in progressive manner

Sort and prepare for Bio-treatment

Dispose untreatable contaminated soils

Phase 4 (10 weeks)

Validate and re-compact

Practical Aspects: Main Challenges

Contaminated from Surface to 5 m above water tableContaminated effluent throughout made groundGeotechnically poor materialsWhole footprint of the site was contaminated above targetsStrict controls on discharge of water to sewerResidential end useRestricted lorry movements and accessResidential properties close to siteDifficult soilsDeep excavations required

Demolition of buildings, Thorough soft strip of building first with waste segregation, collapse steel structure, collect, gauge and send steel for recycling.

Segregate hard materials and separate from contaminated hard for re-use on site.

Carefully breaking out structures separating hard from soft materials. Hard materials for segregation and processing, on site.

Segregating grossly contaminated pipe runs

typical below ground drainage run. Note contamination inside and outside the pipe

Recovering unusable materials for off site disposal from effluent pit

Typical surface effluent for collection and treatment on site

Recovering perched groundwater/effluent

Selective excavation, key to maximising treatment efficiency and minimising costs.

Planned, phased remediation, with excavation, pumping, treatment beds and validation all running concurrently.

Bespoke modular groundwater treatment plant for treatment of effluent. Allows for re-use on many sites.

Latest, most efficient screens for processing to maximise reuse of materials.

Ex-situ Biological Treatment Beds

Lining and turning treatment windrows

Reduced Level installation of Naphthalene in-situ treatment

In-situ Installation of Dual Phase System.

Naphthalene sparging and vapour recovery units.

Ex-situ Oxidation of recalcitrant contamination just above remediation target.

Restoration and compaction

Knotweed, treated and re-incorporated into POS area.

Naphthalene at in-situ 1

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TPH Concentrations in In-situ 2

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PID readings from exhaust on zone 1 in-situ system (Naphthalene Plume)

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Sustainability of treatment Versus Targets for remediation. A difficult decision for Regulators!

Case Study 3Enhanced Anaerobic Degradation, Killingworth, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne

Value: £200,000 Duration: ongoingSolution: Enhanced and Augmented in-situ Anaerobic degradation

• High levels of TCE in shallow groundwater

• Large plume area

• Ongoing Issues regarding spillage

• 24hr, 360 days year operational plant.

• Extremely confined access

• Concerned American parent company

Scheme Headlines

• Contaminated with Trichloroethene TCE (39,000ug/l).

• Designed in-situ recirculation plant.

• Abstraction, dosing, and injection of site groundwater with Emulsified Soya Bean Oil (EVO) and Sodium Lactate.

PrincipalReductive de-halogenation

TCEAnaerobic

DCEAnaerobic

VCAnaerobic / aerobic?

Ethene/Ethane/CO2

Some Chemistry;

Installed Borehole location plan

Site Injection Equipment

• Unit containing injection and abstraction pumps

• Emulsified Soya Bean Oil (EVO) inside bund

Injection and Abstraction System

Site Injection and recirculation Equipment

Abstraction well

Injection wells

KB-1 Injection

KB-1 cultureO2 Free Nitrogen

Anaerobic injection of KB-1 on completion of injection works

KB-1 Injection and associated monitoring

BH204

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Changes in TCE, DCE and VC Concentration

1602,5071.215/12/2008<103601,00001/10/2008

BH206

191,2032.315/12/2008<10281,40001/10/2008

BH202

8.25,314<1.005/08/2008371,00017,00015/07/2008

BH112

711,9112.618/11/2008352932017/07/2008

BH109

44012,0001,80018/11/20082405,30038,00006/08/2008

MW1

VCDCETCEDateConcentration μg/l

Well

Troll 9500 Water Level Data

Troll 9500 ORP (REDOX) Data

On completion of current injection works:

• Abstracted and injected 243,330 litres of groundwater.

• Injected 11,854 litres of EVO.

• Injection of 165kg of 60% sodium lactate.

• Injected 71kg of KB-1 into 26no. Wells.

Ground conditions:

• Dissolved Oxygen <0.5 mg/l.

• Redox Negative (-50 greater).

• Anaerobic ground conditions achieved across plume.

•Degradation & monitoring ongoing but decreased TCE levels and increased DCE demonstrate success of augmentation to date.

Summary

Summary

Project 2. Former Tar Works via ex-situ bio and in-situ techniques for residential end use for EP

Project 1. Former automotive manufacturer via in-situ Air Sparging and Vapour Extraction for mixed end use.

Project 3. Active Manufacturing site via In-situ anaerobic degradation for continued operation without disruption to

business for American Manufacturer

Thanks For Listening

Chris Piddington

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