Unit 1, Journal #3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6SrZ-6cGVA
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F6SrZ-6cGVA When watching, determine
the GOALS of the following: John Smith Pocahontas Governor
Ratcliffe What about these distinct goals created many of the
problems that the Jamestown settlers encountered?
Slide 3
Survival For Jamestown to survive, many unstable conditions had
to be overcome. A clash of cultures existed between the Englishmen
and the Native Americans with whom they soon found to need to trade
as well as to Christianize. Settlers were unprepared for the rugged
frontier life in a wilderness. Many settlers intended to remain in
Virginia only long enough to make their fortune and then return
home to England. WHAT NEEDED TO BE CHANGED? HOW COULD THEY
ACCOMPLISH THESE GOALS?
Slide 4
Fast Forward: 1619 We know that the Jamestown settlers arrived
in 1607 and faced many severe hardships, yet somehow survived. By
the year 1619, many things were about to change. These changes were
the foundation for why Jamestown turned their failures into
successes.
Slide 5
What was missing? If you recall, the early settlers of
Jamestown were all male. ...it was thought that women had no place
in the grim and often grisly business of subduing a continent...
The omission of women in the first group of settlers was due to the
fact that they were not yet necessary.
Slide 6
WOMEN AND CHILDREN Providing the stability needed for
Jamestown's survival was the indispensable role played by Virginia
women. Lord Bacon stated in 1620 that, "When a plantation grows to
strength, then it is time to plant with women as well as with men;
that the plantation may spread into generations, and not be ever
pieced from without. Women indeed would provide these generations.
The bachelors in Jamestown would be held down to the soil of
Virginia because women would be a stabilizing factor. Women helped
the settlers see Virginia not just as a temporary place for profit
or adventure, but as a country in which to forge a new home.
Slide 7
WOMEN AND CHILDREN When women arrived in Jamestown, they also
helped create the "Peace of Pocahontas," which for several years,
appeased the clash between the two cultures. Pocahontas was
introduced to English culture and was married to Captain John Rolfe
as a formal connection between the Powhatan and the settlers.
Slide 8
What was missing? The tobacco crop, or cash crop, of the
growing settlement in Jamestown would not be successful without
hard work. This hard work required labor workers. 1) Englishmen
Englishmen who came to Virginia came here via the headright system
and indentured servitude Headright System: Each new arrival
received 50 acres and another 50 acres for each family who migrated
Indentured Servitude: Pay for voyage to America, food and shelter,
must pledge 4-7 years of servitude. 2) Africans WHY WOULD AFRICANS
BE PREFERRED?
Slide 9
AFRICANS As early as 1619, Africans were being brought onto
American soil At Point Comfort, these men and women were traded for
provisions and became part of the work force at Jamestown. Because
tobacco farming required much labor, the Africans were a useful
addition to the colony as they made possible the expansion of the
tobacco economy. It is not clear whether they were treated as
servants or slaves upon their arrival at Jamestown. Less slaves,
more servants. However, they were in a condition of forced
servitude in which the English extracted their labor and demanded
their absolute obedience.
Slide 10
GOVERNMENT Recall Lawes Divine, Morall, and Martiall Because
the Virginia Company was concerned that the colonys severe martial
code would discourage people from immigrating and investing, it
instructed the governor to introduce just laws for the happy
guiding and governing of the people. Two new councils were created:
A council of state, whose members were selected by the Virginia
Company of London, to assist the governor in his duties, and A
generall Assemblie that included the Council and two Burgesses from
every town and particular plantation, Chosen by the [free]
inhabitants.
Slide 11
GOVERNMENT This new political structure reduced the power of
the governor, who previously had been appointed for life and who
had the option to appoint or replace members of the council at
will. Under the new rules, Council decisions were made by majority
vote. The General Assembly was to be the voice of the people of
Virginia, providing a check on the power of the governor and
council. What can this political structure tell us about the
colonies?
Slide 12
GOVERNMENT Thus began the first representative government in
the European colonies. It had set a pattern for political life in
Virginia that endured long after it was instituted. The idea of a
system of checks and balances was later embodied in the United
States Constitution.
Slide 13
THINK - PAIR - SHARE Does our government cater to a certain
class of people? If so, who and why? Are you a part of this group
or not? If not, how does our government successfully balance class
differences?
Slide 14
Splitting Virginia By 1670- of free white men were former
indentured servants Had little money to purchase land Could not
vote, had almost no colonial rights Lived on the Western outskirts,
left open to Native American attack
Slide 15
Splitting Virginia 1675- Bloody clash between settlers and
Native Americans Upper white class landowners vs. lower class
Settlers begged Virginia governor for militia support Governor
Berkeley supported the wealthy class and refused to finance a war
for poor frontier settlers Berkeley was not opposed to fighting
Indians who were considered enemies, but attacking friendly
Indians, he thought, could lead to what everyone wanted to avoid: a
war with "all the Indians against us."
Slide 16
Bacons Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon gets very angry "[We must
defend ourselves] against all Indians in generall, for that they
were all Enemies." Raised his own army in 1676 to fight the natives
on the Western frontier They marched to a fort held by a friendly
tribe, the Occaneechees, and convinced them to capture warriors
from an unfriendly tribe. The Occaneechees returned with captives.
Bacon's men killed the captives; they then turned to their "allies"
and opened fire. Berkeley declared Bacon a rebel and charged him
with treason. Bacon marches to Jamestown to confront leaders about
many grievances.
Slide 17
Bacons Rebellion Grievances: Lack of representation in House of
Burgesses Lack of support from militia Disparity between treatment
of classes March turned violent Set fire to the town Governor
Berkeley fled Bacon dies, Berkeley returns to Jamestown to stop the
rebellion
Slide 18
Bacons Rebellion Why is Bacons Rebellion a success despite its
failure? 1. Exposed Virginia to the growing power of the former
indentured servants 2. First battle over misrepresentation/taxation
3. Rebellion is possible 4. Spurred planter class to retake the
power of the colony 5. Demonstrated that poor whites and poor
blacks could be united in a cause.
Slide 19
Slide 20
Exit Slip How will the history of Jamestown and the settlement
of Virginia pave the way for future endeavors? (Foreshadowing!)
Think about: Hardships and struggles Government Expectations Class
Struggles
Slide 21
Activity Get into groups for 15 minutes and prepare to quickly
present a 3 minute skit based on the slip of paper you receive from
me.