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PLYMOUTH TO PENNSYLVANIA Settling the Northern Colonies Slide 2 Protestant Reformation Martin Luther 95 Theses Church needs to reform Began Protestantism John Calvin People are evil No free will Some are predestined to be saved Slide 3 Protestants Catholics Bible No Free Will Simple Church Pope Free Will Elaborate Church Slide 4 Slide 5 Puritans Separatists Purify Church from the Inside Church Too Corrupt Leave and establish a PURE church somewhere else Slide 6 Slide 7 Mayflower Decide to leave Netherlands Why? Mayflower/Speedwell Slide 8 Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Slide 12 Mayflower Compact Agreement to create a govt based on the will of the majority. Slide 13 Pilgrims and Indians 1 st Winter- Half of Colonists Die Squanto- Indian who helps colonists 1 st Thanksgiving (1620) Slide 14 Mass. Bay Colony 1629 King Charles I persecutes Puritans Great Migration- 70,000 Puritans move to Mass. Slide 15 Slide 16 Religion and Mass. Theocracy Only male members of the Church could vote Education for all Strict Life Godly Life Public Punishment Drama/ Gambling/ Drunkenness forbidden (Excesses) Childrens behavior dictated mothers salvation Slide 17 Slide 18 Slide 19 Slide 20 John Winthrop City Upon a Hill American Exceptionalism Slide 21 Women Equal before God, but lesser in society Still had more rights than women in Europe Could inherit property/ Sit on juries This was due more to the number of people in Plymouth than to anything else Family 1:5 Women died in Childbirth 12% Infant Mortality 9 children per family Life Expectancy- Men 69/ Women 50 Slide 22 Children Children were seen as the embodiment of original sin Corporal Punishment Age 8- Began learning a trade (No adolescence) Age 16- Males became militiamen Almost all could read (In order to read the Bible) Slide 23 Anne Hutchinson Antinomian Heresy Expelled from Mass. Bay Roger Williams Separation of Church and State Thought Indians owned land Banished to RI Slide 24 Half-way Covenant Unconverted children can be baptized but not admitted into full communion Slide 25 Salem Witch Trials 1692-1693 20 killed for witchcraft/ 2 dogs Spectral Evidence Witchcake Personas Sarah Good Tituba Slide 26 Slide 27 Slide 28 Causes Religion Socio-Economic Teenage Boredom Mass Hysteria Drugs Slide 29 Rhode Island Colony Settled 1636 Sewer of New England Religious Tolerance No slavery or corp. punish. Slide 30 Connecticut Colony 1633 Established as a Puritan retreat 1636 Thomas Hooker leads Puritans from Boston Thought all land owning man should vote/ Not just church members 1638 Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1 st Constitution in the Americas Universal male suffrage Slide 31 Pequot War 1636-1637 Slide 32 Causes Result of Dutch-English rivalry over fur trade Battles Mystic Massacre- Puritans burn an Indian town with 700 women and children Results Pequots sold into slavery Lands given to colonists Name expunged Slide 33 New England Confederation 1643-1684 Formed as a result of Pequot War Mass. Bay Colony, Plymouth, Connecticut, New Haven Each colony received 2 votes Stayed neutral during Anglo-Dutch Wars Slide 34 King Philips War 1675-1676 King Philip unites tribes to drive out English Dozens of towns burned (Plymouth, Providence) Thousands killed, tortured, and captured Colonists pushed to the coast Sea supplies flow in from the South, turn the tide Philip captured, and his head put on display in Plymouth Slide 35 Results Captivity Narratives 85% of Natives and 45% of English killed Natives permanently broken in New England Slide 36 Dominion of New England Edmund Andros English government seizes colonies Puritan hold broken on Mass. (Anglican Church) Plymouth forced to join Mass. Bay Colony New Hampshire created Charter Oak Slide 37 Slide 38 Glorious Revolution in England 1688 William of Orange (Protestant) invades England Overthrows King James II (Catholic) Slide 39 English Bill of Rights (1689) Freedom of speech Right to property, assemble, bear arms, trial, jury, no harsh punishment or excessive bail Parliament taxes, NOT King Citizens who own land can vote for Parliament Slide 40 Reaction in America Mob chases out Andros Salutary Neglect Royal Colonies Slide 41 New Netherlands Dutch West India Company 1623 New Netherlands Fur Trading New Amsterdam Bought for $24 Peter Stuyvesant 1664- English capture New Netherlands Slide 42 Slide 43 Slide 44 New Jersey 1638- Swedes settle along Delaware River 1640- Dutch settle Bergen County 1664- English seize area Berkeley and Carteret East and West Jersey 1681- Quakers purchase East and West Jersey 1702- NJ combined as a royal colony Slide 45 Pennsylvania 1681- William Penn and Society of Friends were granted Pennsylvania Religious Freedom Peace with Indians Blue Laws