Warm-up: WednesdayWhat landform is this?

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Reminder! You will be having a vocab quiz on Friday that includes all of the following:

• Vocab from Monday (Water and Soil)• Physical geography terms• Extreme weather/ natural hazards

Review of landforms!

Continental Shelf—A shallow ocean area near the coast of a continent

Fjord—Narrow deep inlets of the sea set between high rocky cliffs

Fjords in Norway

Glacier—A large body of ice that moves across the surface of the earth

Atoll—A ring-shaped coral island or ring of several islands linked by

underwater coral reefs

Basins—Low areas of land, often surrounded by mountains

River basin- a basin that is not bowl shaped and has a river running through it; one end of the basin must be low enough for the river to flow toward a larger body of water

Extreme Weather and Natural Hazards

What are they and how are people affected by them?

Natural Hazards

• Natural hazards – events in the physical environment that can destroy human life and property.

Natural hazards risk mapNatural Hazard Risk in the U.S.

Hurricanes

Hurricane - a tropical cyclone with winds of 74 miles per hour or greater that occurs especially in the western Atlantic

The barrier islands of Texas, Florida, and the Carolinas are particularly at risk of hurricane damage.

Flooding is the greatest danger posed by hurricanes.

Hurricane Ike: September 2008

Typhoons• Typhoons – term for hurricanes in the

western Pacific Ocean• Occur June – November• Average 27 storms a year

Typhoons - 2011

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=FA286C33-EC86-4356-A81C-2FE85F3DBDC8&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Tornadoes• A violently rotating

column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground.

• Found most frequently in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains during the spring and summer months

http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos/tornadoes-101

• What is the difference between a Tornado WATCH and a Tornado WARNING?

• WATCH = weather conditions are favorable for tornadoes

• WARNING = a tornado has been spotted or detected by radar

Tornadoes

• There are about 500,000 earthquakes every year worldwide.

• People only feel a small fraction of those.

• Earthquakes happen when plates within the Earth suddenly shift or break under stress, sending shock waves rippling.

Earthquakes

Earthquakes• Seismic - Relating to an earthquake or to other tremors

of the Earth, such as those caused by large explosions.

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• Japan is the most seismically active country in the world

• It is made up of 4 main islands and several thousand smaller islands which lie at the junction of three tectonic plates

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Earthquakes: Japan

Earthquakes

• What technological innovations help Americans adapt to this hazard?– Special building

techniques and materials

• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=BFA6C787-E123-4BFF-80ED-6AB985DFEDBA&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Warm-up: Monsoons1. What are monsoons?2. Describe winters in India:3. What direction do the monsoon winds blow

during the winter?4. Why is the temperature high during the winter?5. Which direction do the summer monsoons come

from?6. What do the summer monsoons bring from June

to September?7. Why are the summer monsoons welcomed in

India?

Tsunamis

• Tsunamis – large sea waves created by undersea tectonic activity

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0YOXVlPUu4

• 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami- One of the most devastating natural disasters of modern times• Killed more than 225,000 people in 11 countries • Caused by an earthquake • Produced waves up to 100 feet high • Took anywhere from fifteen minutes to seven hours

(for Somalia) to reach the various coastlines.

Tsunamis

http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/video/tsunami-indonesia2004.mov

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9JDzBTwiig&NR=1

Warning Signs• On Maikhao beach in northern Thailand, a 10-year-old

British tourist had studied tsunami in geography class at school and recognized the warning signs of the receding ocean and frothing bubbles. She and her parents warned others on the beach, which was evacuated safely.

Experts say that “a receding ocean may give people as much as five minutes’ warning to escape to high ground” (National Geographic)

Tsunamis

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Warning Signs

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Devastating effects

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Volcanoes

• About 1,900 volcanoes are active today or known to have been active in historical times.

• Almost 90% are in the Ring of Fire.

Volcanoes

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=EA5B759C-F351-4AB0-98AD-D46D01E2BCB6&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

Drought• Drought - A prolonged period of abnormally low

precipitation; a shortage of water resulting from this.• http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/101-videos/droughts

• Drought can lead to famine – widespread shortage of food

Drought

Flooding

• Monsoon – wind system in which winds reverse direction and cause seasons of wet and dry weather

• Bangladesh - 20 to 60% floods every year

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Landslides• Occur frequently in hills and

mountainous areas• Caused by heavy rainfall and

human activities such as deforestation, construction, and cultivation

• These factors have weakened the slopes

• http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2588991/Incredible-shots-devastation-caused-Washington-landslide-left-14-dead-revealed-geologists-warned-dangers-1999.html

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=ED7A7498-7930-4696-BDAA-E08E1DBF4A8E&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US

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Landslides

Warm-up:

• Write about an experience you have had with a natural hazard. How did you feel, did you have to prepare, what was it like?– Flood, earthquake, hurricane, tornado, etc.