Was Malthus Right After All? Can We Achieve Sustainable Development? Prof. Jeffrey D. Sachs

Was Malthus Right After All? Can We Achieve Sustainable Development?

Prof. Jeffrey D. SachsInstitute of Development StudiesUniversity of Sussex, BrightonDecember 11, 2008

FOUR DEEP DRIVERS OF GLOBALIZATION TODAY

Ecosystem Pressures in the Anthropocene Climate change; water stress; food supply; species extinction

Demographic Change Continued rapid population growth; Rebalancing global populations (e.g. Africa, Islam); changing internal population balances; urbanization; aging; migration

Global Catch-Up Growth The Economics of pent-up growth. The Asian Growth Catch Up. Prospects for Global Growth

Fragile States Globalization as a cause of failed states? (e.g. Brain Drain) Globalization as an amplifier of the costs of failed states

The Two Senses of the Malthusian Threat:

Regions Trapped in Extreme Poverty and Hunger,Notably Sub-Saharan Africa

Global Society Facing Ecological Limits and the Possibility of Massive Overshooting and Reversals

70,000Billions, $USD PPP

Chart1

102.5

103.8373063618

105.1920604144

106.564489796

107.9548251145

109.3632999869

110.7901510778

112.2356181399

113.6999440537

115.1833748686

116.8

145.2155475765

180.5441374823

224.4676009093

279.076931329

346.9718270453

431.384450839

536.3332983267

666.8145073098

4742.3069657821

33726

World Gross Product per Person

Year (AD)

World Gross Product

Sheet1

010020030040050060070080090010001100120013001400150016001700180019002000

102.5103.8373063618105.1920604144106.564489796107.9548251145109.3632999869110.7901510778112.2356181399113.6999440537115.1833748686116.8145.2155475765180.5441374823224.4676009093279.076931329346.9718270453431.384450839536.3332983267666.81450730984742.306965782133726

Sheet1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

World Gross Product per Person

Year (AD)

GDP Per Person (PPP)

Sheet2

Sheet3

ECOSYSTEM STRESS:

The Epoch of the Anthropocene

Fig. 2. Human dominanceor alteration ofseveral major componentsof the Earth system,expressed as (fromleft to right) percentageof the land surface transformed(5); percentageof the current atmosphericCO2 concentrationthat results from humanaction (17); percentageof accessiblesurface fresh water used (20); percentage of terrestrial N fixation that is human-caused (28); percentage of plant species in Canada that humanity has introduced from elsewhere (48); percentage of bird species on Earth that have become extinct in the past two millennia, almost all of them as a consequence of human activity (42); and percentage of major marine fisheries that are fully exploited, overexploited, or depleted (14).

The Three Great Drivers of Anthropogenic Change

Food

Energy

Industrial Pollutants (including those linked to food and energy)

Thresholds of Hypoxia in Marine Ecosystems, PNAS, 2008Vaquer-Sunyer and DuarteDeadZoneIn GulfofMexico

SternReview

Kg Per Person, Annual

World Bank World Development Indicators

Chart2

1300.689820.37091016.0971271.982

1406.417843.302989.27031334.221

1536.572840.74691041.0481308.592

1624.402803.42171061.1471387.843

1705.875773.6525944.55931361.948

1788.689778.273938.71461366.011

1840.92948.01741062.5121429.075

1863.008807.71691118.3061347.108

1870.395809.34161139.4571412.69

2063.07837.60471203.1651533.062

2098.128917.24291190.5491494.729

2037.765935.73481171.8331445.184

2172.333797.20951230.9361611.277

2259.9041043.81163.381662.008

2323.7381022.0941331.2281627.179

2378.476945.95841278.4041631.989

2322.1421017.5491399.5261695

2557.2061046.7711430.0341713.483

2747.175998.56181313.4961728.965

2714.1891045.2391440.4741800.154

2842.5781249.3411480.4851997.101

3137.8111069.8451438.9571988.781

3313.344916.20451637.3061984.742

3497.99897.25381619.1872097.123

3404.9791067.9911651.8932140.776

3463.0761052.3851663.7692036.941

3521.8381023.2711652.6872098.662

3489.4141089.3091815.3212094.07

3580.3351126.0421957.892111.254

3794.7641028.1071938.6592089.515

3781.2721038.6841976.252175.693

3871.705880.29242061.8532437.913

4028.1851073.2892120.0372490.253

3995.3691045.7142116.2562440.242

4070.108983.21752146.3722548.017

4249.3061136.9882210.4362572.444

4209.3491059.2862247.3272711.83

4303.9051073.962295.1842810.898

4298.1651093.2972376.4642823.001

4208.6481118.6742403.7482854.628

4240.3421068.1412488.4393004.025

4333.8711066.5742339.5392936.245

4325.1041076.8542467.4893119.521

4539.8881068.6492461.622980.743

East Asia and Pacific

Sub-Saharan Africa

South Asia

Latin America & Caribbean

Year

Kg per Hectare

Cereal Yields

grain yield

19611962196319641965196619671968196919701971197219731974197519761977197819791980198119821983198419851986198719881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004

wbcodecountrykgph61gdp62kgph63kgph64kgph65kgph66kgph67kgph68kgph69kgph70kgph71kgph72kgph73kgph74kgph75kgph76kgph77kgph78kgph79kgph80kgph81kgph82kgph83kgph84kgph85kgph86kgph87kgph88kgph89kgph90kgph91kgph92kgph93kgph94kgph95kgph96kgph97kgph98kgph99kgph00kgph01kgph02kgph03kgph04

ALBAlbania845.2054941.7992982.33831023.341037.2951318.6281464.1421553.7371637.9791646.1311758.291768.7041842.9521934.4992028.9192445.0782550.142620.2252634.7732364.0272500.5532715.1653045.9612966.3242900.5832990.282965.5972875.0142961.7372794.3932071.8592249.8462685.0482460.9112841.4572450.8532833.3032872.1142798.0883175.0843030.763264.9473166.7712998.293

DZAAlgeria346.1523814.0006803.8317530.1521606.3063403.8537631.3575705.2103614.9183637.542587.8093671.6716493.6802497.8978845.2379690.528410.936586.1165561.4821760.3851646.1989593.3126579.4834547.3579912.4974837.1746759.9228574.1111760.4249687.67361114.554943.341741.8425749.6042829.62671337.931779.8157846.26731069.926883.24651106.9111058.5951470.3931439.329

AGOAngola828.0061830.2752798.4496875.7764932.0067824.3021814.6156805.7397898.8766911.2579805.7442780.269764.0362712.5714773.9251775.4821603.0856667.1348509.1678617.8977451.1064450.6438484.6132466.0279449.1105379.7553381.1715332.4056277.3931320.5926417.4821397.2318267.9983298.4293397.3154648.7335565.694699.0149619.7173573.5527624.416497.7621517.1028491.9836

ATGAntigua and Barbuda..........250022502500225024002285.714230020002055.55618751821.4291666.667175019201705.88218001787.8791789.4741705.88219001904.76219202035.7142142.8571785.7141833.3331833.3331833.3331833.3331607.1431607.1431607.1431607.1431607.143160016001562.51571.4291578.947

ARGArgentina1410.6541604.9261511.2431695.3621403.1711557.0471606.4031313.3491554.6751775.2611783.521609.3052041.3552046.1871955.9171907.1662134.9042424.3342252.1761874.0672424.9982442.8162330.0982581.5082439.5372582.2072382.622527.8872129.3722232.2492666.1113057.332846.5042816.0972799.7772754.313308.1973692.1883351.5253453.9853201.1933338.9553205.1433091.732

ARMArmenia..............................................................1825.5161670.19714311837.71855.4781354.1271746.1661751.3461183.461830.3782188.7881570.4742167.4

AUSAustralia1083.9011217.271285.1741323.715983.4761441.632830.82521338.7411114.91217.6241269.556933.08841318.5161393.6131414.041345.472987.54241680.2051510.1641052.2951401.534875.62711646.2081609.3371453.0711521.8641435.9791629.4031676.3821716.1191603.3711896.5571979.4871267.0471871.3342129.5771954.1811986.5932111.291962.5892242.5851090.7262079.011956.679

AUTAustria2520.8282568.4482509.9052621.712330.142940.583251.0123343.0733555.6653192.353656.3613402.6463855.5024070.9213752.6834173.9154096.1934394.2323729.2054515.6144147.0744778.7694755.4915091.3835269.4454824.874962.8525545.9995289.7315577.3365463.0975160.0515098.5125399.7775515.2855400.4085919.9245704.1425948.7975422.645867.8255659.6625101.0876075.077

AZEAzerbaijan..............................................................2112.7591619.2311632.6951506.5321594.7341710.11595.4162124.0292335.2482600.7642623.5072604.1562534.431

BHSBahamas, The666.6667833.3333833.3333892.8571909.0909914.8936937.5940980980.7692990.6542990.991100010001009.9341021.2421030.5961158.731142.8571141.271142.8571165.35412501333.3331344.2621344.2621363.6361400140015001666.6671666.66716001793.1031793.1031793.10317401984.2112165.71419501935.4841906.2521252151.515

BGDBangladesh1681.1141514.0481749.421691.7891669.9831570.7541681.4721727.8911724.6761666.1631583.0971554.5081785.2241708.4341831.6331768.9641923.6961926.9021870.8532005.7651937.5421997.8972205.62134.5582148.5422146.6422202.1012235.7572500.2612490.592585.7592625.6822647.7382475.8512593.1342694.1612682.462865.2763116.4363373.7483298.2573384.513500.0913344.686

BRBBarbados1884.2112511.1731882.9791788.7321866.66720752325.5812375.412402.742424.2422333.3332727.6322631.5792614.3792614.3792614.3792614.3792614.3792614.37925002500250025002727.27325002560.9762560.9762619.0482619.0482674.41926252571.4282666.667260027502666.6672600260026002608.6962604.1672626.50626302571.428

BLRBelarus..............................................................2738.9452795.8262271.1522065.22194.9952411.2261891.6421501.4521951.6892002.7552482.482404.233004.144

BELBelgium..............................................................................8021.3858218.1188500.8738530.6628479.94

BLZBelize596.3833598.819694.7748697.298742.0301550.93511027.8941176.3381272.7381628.7421529.0861414.9331860.6811313.151054.7461450.3771592.2021851.8731711.2091988.6232071.4752030.471865.231526.041515.8751752.9871706.6261686.5881612.4152013.8372276.1312098.3752131.1721753.5081777.0062505.82395.0722459.2752806.3062420.2843101.2672453.9972955.6242871.287

BENBenin546.1339489.8611503.5395529.3016551.5398531.8459577.4656573.8415556.7999577.1532.712555.8344687.6855707.9193739.2948724.5632754.0231741.0842720.8741718.2643653.7715649.4907599.8828799.0994855.8082836.153725.0652834.6776853.7029847.8533878.596913.3571919.1878956.86131086.4571009.5541116.9521055.9161162.6071102.1381069.253945.13261172.9531063.085

BTNBhutan1440.821440.0281438.8151439.3691437.5061437.6591435.1051432.6581435.2391436.7161437.0121441.0481439.7011442.5891447.9221438.8781444.4441443.2691434.1551424.9661457.7031445.2651429.0471442.321386.0811371.871181.8951019.681015.2071117.1621134.4851152.3371213.9261314.4911435.4181474.8141528.1821528.1821468.6651568.1381505.1591558.0521690.1831524.19

BOLBolivia954.3347946.5132945.5403795.06021051.6071013.1211095.6221080.8131082.0911056.3911103.1071087.8671091.5351081.4121140.6071223.1011038.2721074.1431131.6471116.6211300.5471253.2631043.4921307.7311336.3781287.8561332.8881321.0151353.9861360.7811374.9981417.7231554.0541425.4911559.9061611.7921352.041492.7971365.1911646.1211724.5741643.9221997.5491997.549

BIHBosnia and Herzegovina..............................................................3552.7793519.7513605.9583586.3253536.783523.7413481.173756.3522550.2173201.6843828.1732544.2883288.149

BWABotswana341.8069339.5756382.7899275.9365329.7794439.9211316.9097261.6277309.55463.22447.9679948.4836275.5848691.0214446.1968642.4922410.7245260.1756113.6681231.3316269.8563272.1966247.7941129.4935188.8119188.1443180.9657372.6161285.0283259.3889373.9777265.6042262.9969215.0389204.3374272.1099268.2508218.0251166.0827116.6532156.2592156.2592243.4118235.2466

BRABrazil1346.3011381.5221322.4441256.4351428.3331321.2721402.1941350.4521302.7651408.7951290.8291299.7161411.6681455.841358.8331444.5641452.4531210.151301.3181575.7411611.0991544.8451614.5651677.3181827.7751664.7471882.1221858.7631999.6981755.0611850.6542142.472354.5452284.7432513.1512572.6172521.6882580.2732720.2162660.6513147.8252846.0213375.3073166.193

BRNBrunei1730.6061852.7021371.1451323.4621173.7051392.1571587.0691586.7821858.0821962.0951602.4141617.4692425.062903.9552717.8221964.6741503.3531591.7012175.861379.7091364.3331482.4561579.6931557.1431239.4042135.9221062.9922168.5392228.572155016001233.3332257.1431670.2131638.711651.8521651.8521651.8521651.8521666.6671521.7391666.6671666.6671666.667

BGRBulgaria1746.6331821.9561858.5672136.9622297.092930.5962951.3562439.3522822.4453124.0863184.3993702.2383492.8923184.2143430.4923741.8323381.4273497.9923791.6453705.0164062.0994669.5373717.174497.9042915.0414047.043694.6883705.4674402.0853963.4633998.4662956.8162512.772798.8373068.981908.5883003.3722675.5052936.8692526.6662896.1973154.4212380.0683543.719

BFABurkina Faso408.5081477.9143473.1467522.5169485.6888495.4174452.3486625.8292484.4944516.5717444.4514461.2309436.5771488.186558.1449499.4097528.7747576.3654580.0683569.8344576.5751568.2811514.9174589.8691708.8428699.459641.7012726.9399672.867600.2214876.5622871.519936.1691787.8507851.0553916.5206704.5276888.9961912.9138859.0482967.7885942.6946994.02081026.36

BDIBurundi946.16331010.563919.5532991.8613983.602975.8347997.26671045.6561066.6071092.251110.6571024.8021110.033973.31381104.6791104.8241110.1141234.22111001063.4951080.4281075.4261093.9761108.9111152.4991213.5311228.2321194.2681368.9571348.5061368.951391.3641384.2961269.6271331.8661384.0051437.5331275.9011309.4951249.4651306.4881334.2761336.3251329.354

KHMCambodia1126.524917.77831194.7191183.6661063.8981106.0811219.8881397.1521280.7151589.8121445.4971378.9171285.1421146.3411198.9531113.7441016.9491014.084716.13671179.7531123.3951193.3171253.4621281.0971239.3051371.7211314.1841355.21427.2251362.1051390.6161315.9111301.2131481.1311778.8921815.0631761.4081777.0381933.5322133.6042092.5951922.0462148.3252054.393

CMRCameroon863.8729757.4553775.4276781.9054768.6099820.9866760.0251768.1213838.6207798.775804.7534820.1578770.694881.92521057.563865.9206862.7045836.6785817.7393864.3482865.0339890.3033895.70531076.5561154.1161381.4721227.9651165.9031118.3971241.4381183.8631072.188959.2531970.00911173.4811281.2951398.4331486.4581893.391763.5611708.9931718.941705.1791705.179

CANCanada984.98991595.4181838.8641527.1851730.3921972.6621518.9861734.4881959.232110.7562145.2351987.6831951.2531726.7472052.222275.7692265.92267.3762032.72141.1522346.3782482.8432204.6012027.9742222.0882570.42396.6431754.3852193.6162636.2582580.7322460.6752647.1912594.872699.8862844.22584.1922782.6283087.7082811.9122446.0892371.7862757.322920.704

CPVCape Verde650650650650485.7143487.1795488.8889440437.5308303.3333191.6667238314.2857444.4445454.5454375333.3333428.5714531.25428.5714440385.7143493.6461400.9091534.337607.2473481.8718273.7881334.6032252.8862302.1339359.0998250.3066262.8597317.1787146.9398141.46241162.032794.7822637.315148.4966200200

CAFCentral African Republic442.9967540.9091543.871661.597790.1786806.6038728.4553814.0351783.2756712.4266717.8722696.1672682.7614502.5583533.4806526.0274522.4719595.4145497.1976521.0237569.5744559.2779674.6124772.08111076.921189.312958.40541112.271078.567806.9852875.5861967.9271968.3948868.4235868.8533870.4515947.9452996.6216987.73979.88171037.51022.7511059.3181059.318

TCDChad592.2326544.1309758.6042635.3835546.5731658.7047668.8232669.3388727.3269705.7116634.8665482.5538512.7081645.6077578.8061510.7659523.3148515.4465491.6816546.5649721.9424675.8477522.5549503.7551624.1817583.9561554.3215734.4106549.1686559.2099618.5507729.9225500.9868746.5088585.5488601.3337581.9705694.5512662.5325528.4625634.6602670.8922738.2979728.3177

CHLChile1441.3081371.7381574.7141677.3171691.8851897.3731951.5841945.5051671.6141902.2791994.4271860.3721683.2851881.0171722.8891451.0022130.0091732.8152191.4672059.3062120.4952203.5922261.482704.1392949.0843355.3353222.6323531.5613914.6653619.6624050.8714177.4144246.0444489.254472.4584264.2684507.4665052.0244061.1474362.1424935.6835182.495221.975313.362

CHNChina1211.0061341.5691506.9211640.0551764.2851895.2921952.2491957.5241915.8962143.1182187.12122.0982288.1392402.0532492.7572536.9672501.5112801.9523041.8572948.7083091.6373465.2513724.4023960.8593827.7793895.0243978.3053936.5844020.1954322.7234232.70343664567.6824510.0744663.7454896.9334825.9274954.0094947.0784756.3974802.2024889.6184877.6625185.377

COLColombia1275.2191350.7981386.1111454.2231259.1231301.4371421.7011528.8111607.8231807.3821904.512012.1992105.8832389.8362379.1752276.8092249.5962390.0842462.9532414.5162479.7462441.0212513.9562579.8822662.632495.12724.1072514.3632486.9062475.3852450.7422549.9972505.4832506.092643.9482683.9122906.7243060.4453136.5623289.9693334.8533394.3143484.973546.188

COMComoros1107.8431118.8121083.71162.3931094.8911086.6671099.2911188.5251097.5611097.561934.959410081078.741129.7711203.0081157.1431205.4791161.291058.8231058.141057.8031058.14112511101088.8161117.7631155.5211157.3261281.3431280.691304.6671296.1291329.6771332.2581336.0651335.4841318.4711321.1461322.6751324.141325.6051327.071337.581337.58

ZARCongo, Dem. Rep.700.5858703.4084641.7271698.7988649.9137699.1259715.0363732.5822732.9635727.0542725.4105746.4836741.0748743.9648747.6927745.8052739.2417728.8889798.97798.6704822.465833.863833.5272850.2379799.6049789.8846821.7922797.8539801.9861799.8539796.0128776.223784.1666787.3835762.8705780.8802796.2119805.2043782.3568782.4459782.2651783.2914778.7401779.1868

COGCongo, Rep.714.2857711.2676916.6667932.64251020.40810001090.9091347.826952.381888.8889952.381894.2984679.3889706.1956647.6806648.2287658.652457.6271689.6552845.3987978.1022646.7175746.2048677.8774767.8469854.5876770.2588801.8577834.9436624.3123707.3864732.0455748.6517774.9438785.6896830.6035865.9649943.8596780.8434780.9854783.2771785.5145776.699776.699

CRICosta Rica1153.5241177.6251242.2041179.9371530.4581442.4691476.7081585.7021573.3741436.231837.811870.8331388.8071574.9921895.6341713.1372058.0262291.7022293.5542924.4662276.3331742.7112401.4782323.582323.6192253.4562255.9952518.3442621.7863096.7563298.9873169.0443419.3233815.433777.6183483.3433790.7443768.9484044.6284002.9783699.8543693.5894398.0873803.142

CIVCote d'Ivoire624.2038785.7143751.8771774.9191785.4813840.7051888.8571877.7887845.0858828.64341000.281823.8189840.6194885.0765822.3033749.2916753.7437753.304762.6414927.4159909.4619963.0164797.275988.8113992.7074856.3265852.4333880884.7007884.8179853.4694869.745974.655918.3674944.371347.3961454.7971380.761540.6041471.8771368.4211148.8341132.8981132.898

HRVCroatia..............................................................3974.9274257.8224140.3014368.3454512.3065013.574674.8684612.8643986.8984707.7445195.1883415.3184685.548

CUBCuba1204.7561210.6561357.0341273.7291082.5521178.5641151.8511209.0221399.5281525.6281617.3951373.9511278.0791804.7212070.1332275.3632412.4582420.1052321.8312546.8112504.4382692.8382702.5282727.8292615.5992681.4842430.3982549.0882516.0072341.9442179.4371753.9411327.4371793.7291970.1312009.5022189.7711874.3022750.8372528.3612880.6453123.2093188.7993189.107

CYPCyprus654.75431157.6121121.329802.85331598.854752.3561297.729824.75111334.941657.2611336.2551068.34945.248421290.8271475.2711462.9291314.961777.3121664.9771939.4261773.271778.21388.841757.7312097.7451301.1442331.3042679.9212480.361885.9731335.9292789.8172964.3992553.5432384.9192395.4871110.6461114.4022156.43931.42972275.8622394.4262761.6732175.101

CZECzech Republic................................................................4018.5234095.6824183.4734196.0774135.5523970.7254350.6563907.5544511.1644329.233712.2174881.833

DNKDenmark3383.4783750.5943505.6833963.4283890.5543714.3563756.9014026.393975.6393583.7573999.6623977.1883765.0024190.1283635.743302.4044050.9264060.5434156.113892.4954071.4124521.3293757.5375555.4214970.7915049.0164792.625084.2445632.36117.9145911.5834314.2345676.8165530.7576210.8526052.3586204.0766089.5055851.7926204.9156115.8935753.9736085.5996168.233

DJIDjibouti........................................2500250025002333.33317501666.66715001666.6671333.3331666.6671571.4291500162516251625162516251625162516251625162516251625

DMADominica1181.8181181.8181217.3911217.39112501250128012801230.7691230.7691259.2591259.2591285.7141285.7141266.6671333.3331333.3331333.3331419.3551437.51424.2421411.7651388.8891352.9411333.33312001384.6151333.3331333.3331363.6361363.6361363.6361333.3331230.7691307.6921307.6921307.6921307.6921307.6921307.6921307.6921307.6921333.3331333.333

DOMDominican Republic1758.3481788.6151842.8011990.2282057.7282196.2691970.0811948.9122162.632378.5072653.8462892.5623025.0783208.672377.3732602.9712568.052780.1412922.4523005.0683145.3893753.9083966.0183463.6673617.1883754.8053705.7713499.2163726.2313996.1864130.7764108.3934014.8173356.0093847.3333755.2034187.5833581.3953995.6724138.7714304.7864343.3814968.0324855.071

EAPEast Asia & Pacific1300.6891406.4171536.5721624.4021705.8751788.6891840.921863.0081870.3952063.072098.1282037.7652172.3332259.9042323.7382378.4762322.1422557.2062747.1752714.1892842.5783137.8113313.3443497.993404.9793463.0763521.8383489.4143580.3353794.7643781.2723871.7054028.1853995.3694070.1084249.3064209.3494303.9054298.1654208.6484240.3424333.8714325.1044539.888

ECUEcuador1010.655925.0439986.459768.662958.78771007.198893.2344823.29011073.9821092.996961.9467922.06911229.2111283.2251414.451352.6721368.491377.0041492.2781639.5681767.9971880.1081565.9911851.3161929.2921379.6411519.7721708.4191756.1261723.6191673.931775.7561959.8262062.7431926.7891856.7751884.1871954.942123.1562234.6551899.9362264.1822205.5162142.304

EGYEgypt, Arab Rep.2905.7293259.5573312.8083330.1423775.6063565.4693557.2623627.0693716.623911.8393911.4543951.3094080.023840.4463978.0963941.1293923.7974019.2953964.2394094.494100.4924203.724321.054347.4754539.1554696.154891.5775028.8455337.6715702.9395612.9675898.4895995.4685861.0585903.7036499.0616605.4626797.3997166.5547280.087099.3867193.6997138.7347241.205

SLVEl Salvador937.80971083.8811148.0281167.1851082.2261286.8371219.4341353.821389.4731621.2361677.1821207.2681817.7811474.1291706.1061433.3531447.2071733.921708.6621706.0091691.3391554.9941671.311949.8751809.4151620.11555.1391930.9991948.6511939.3211633.5042039.3181986.9181609.6272051.292119.3241736.2851886.6562250.0372155.2881909.6982476.8932417.842440.945

ERIEritrea................................................................263.7413782.3111414.7137370.2667425.4484986.6298723.6831406.3137652.7907205.2851299.1885295.8614

ESTEstonia..............................................................1303.8712161.2471596.9631687.2542182.8791991.9591630.7191251.2552114.7492036.4512023.811921.7742606.699

ETHEthiopia................................................................1312.247973.57971032.761213.1451263.3531140.1021123.8531115.4961198.7681345.9491334.0821274.562

ECAEurope & Central Asia1122.3321138.683992.3031202.7181082.3931441.3911325.5851439.6271428.3671554.161643.8341565.4551790.3591651.751357.7041876.0161683.4371947.9811643.9381700.7291543.0651804.3421819.9661778.0891853.8542053.9382014.7051954.9742099.442267.5911973.3621974.5711988.8121845.3061811.6741794.5662168.1431955.4032041.4871884.6842311.2512305.4932023.9222496.244

EMUEuropean Monetary Union1979.8682236.1932230.0612306.3012363.0642341.3232733.8252763.712760.8572644.1693089.0423094.6073218.1483290.5213149.6252971.7913246.2133605.7623477.7743790.2863543.9723796.5663704.1284468.4784335.084119.3964257.4894528.5564451.6384508.3684838.0674613.0874939.1774870.7374757.1535408.4255248.7575559.5695431.3245601.0875431.1445543.5424945.4495896.058

FJIFiji1761.1031765.1861811.711785.4441783.0341726.2861756.6962040.7411841.581865.3451920.4351938.1392059.7351935.4842240.7892302.0311930.1091854.4022017.7291925.6092069.5142118.5231844.7232140.5352408.222181.7811922.7972378.1582370.6132180.9762316.682153.9382275.3612300.8572648.6842103.8932241.917754.2872706.4912494.9852421.3622164.3962382.6212326.211

FINFinland1883.4071363.6461799.2241581.3112007.8711780.5511990.6562082.0542286.2822396.6082568.0222460.5052240.9622183.3422625.3722951.7722431.3512446.6622636.8272823.3842072.8822922.2743180.1483059.2282904.3062941.4221920.0322326.8283190.2333543.133347.6522845.8173625.6383598.9843404.3923439.6573412.1712458.5032518.3243500.9833164.873295.273178.53218.897

FRAFrance2275.9082689.7082769.4342823.4273106.5262908.0663476.6713570.9183532.1273374.4453875.5434168.6994407.5074179.2573696.6193440.7834051.4124630.4584515.9714854.1544729.0915007.5114949.9015976.7575742.7695301.6025706.2116080.7766099.1446082.6126537.9756488.2036513.2336542.2756457.7567081.0216889.8367390.4887267.5767239.6526740.0077470.1476135.9637496.073

GABGabon1587.1791513.881598.0841594.3331602.6211512.8211514.8721503.591502.3091465.4731463.5591511.1111533.9811494.2861396.3961486.7261511.6671503.041822.4141692.1881638.5941869.5651855.0731887.2771453.1751473.75815801668.0451439.1521643.3331713.6811780.2081774.0261860.1221910.521898.9611785.8491616.3521647.7991630.30316751641.0261641.0261641.026

GMBGambia, The1039.2261037.9091039.0421087.7491064.0411011.111960.28971040.4381016.3541109.0621112.3941042.2711056.0511043.011990.7236813.3047805.84551093.5881197.0071325.1421329.3941230.8711251.3761434.4941262.3971276.2291117.6541196.6311112.9111007.8571112.6841238.1251189.2011163.5081035.1611104.281940.56631036.3791303.7131305.3491402.6161036.2611167.8081117.241

GEOGeorgia..............................................................1997.7871767.9162015.5632150.8542492.952203.4651592.7922109.1261362.462012.241860.1232129.2532156.739

DEUGermany2417.362962.162925.1863120.7642852.2222878.0073483.2553619.6363447.4933179.6463788.5573770.2183873.4314178.8413864.4353495.7083885.1984285.1884108.2514227.5824161.6274568.2984362.6435036.6225072.7085084.7984898.3825173.7365203.6125411.1365986.1175335.5925710.5285827.5956107.6766281.8476474.9546339.1886697.6786452.887051.9816251.4685731.5366989.133

GHAGhana816.4365809.6154788.2336777.6234809.15161088.691916.0745859.3079824.8273858.1865860.7132867.0901863.6826957.0968834.2651816.6943832.0313837.2093844.1558717.7849860.0237763.9903517.3653840.1254890.7156984.7745938.57621095.8121012.921989.21451220.8431042.1271340.2051327.4881354.1221389.2371321.7041333.8311296.9851309.1851186.0981349.031396.3721473.417

GRCGreece1265.6161380.0271291.0131627.5111652.6491823.8071950.0861521.6131717.0382113.0632142.5172189.8882201.8792440.2042424.5342608.1462061.6452798.0812635.8443321.9133312.5223454.9962929.5143596.1353015.5583602.8473714.473862.7364021.9683035.84541243603.9223553.1173864.4153750.7293538.2723599.0763363.4553668.9193747.5213835.923702.6593342.0663571.362

GRDGrenada873.0159873.0159873.0159873.0159873.0159870.9677870.9677870.9677883.3333883.3333877.193865.3846855.5555768.9531878911.1111906.3492908.2192907.59088941044.444900949.2754949.2754951.2195980100010081003.922992.30771113.2081021.212989.7436991.4286983.3333100010001000100010001000100010001000

GUMGuam22002200234027002666.667250025002800310023002500300030003000300030003000300030003000300030003666.667350034002857.14325002222.2222000200020002000200020002000200020002000200020002000200020002000

GTMGuatemala822.116871.4828856.2979912.459960.5292901.5836875.69891010.5151046.8781175.5211142.2551210.9021631.641421.7961639.7851330.2711323.2691514.3281760.431448.7831524.0691707.8211874.3341613.131659.5971779.3631608.8181885.1712042.0071997.5671810.0251839.5991813.2781893.7581910.751783.9941490.2221679.7541737.1791772.8331825.4691726.5941720.5571758.178

GINGuinea977.08331202.083968.42111114.286949.3177978.59921089.8881094.62976.8595945.1827988.5057988.4868973.5172968.5891966.7552972.4719950.8929944.9993969.0309955.2042950.2618937.6624820.0929863.5877895.0131945.0867969.10571040.3251064.251939.98181152.4321100.121140.7681159.3811232.8021270.681297.6781328.4621359.841357.121389.4221422.3151397.1721397.172

GNBGuinea-Bissau814.433787.1287792.0792620.8333760778.9474844.3114901.3158688.4058797.1014665.4412726.6187664.4737618.2795758.1967785.7143701.4926623.9316637.7953699.2481795.1807687.3391675.7081885.47491244.0941375.19515301769.4471520.7351530.7441614.4521441.6811431.5541394.7931402.2261366.5421110.2511124.6961020.8431110.7341024.2991083.111164.7941164.794

GUYGuyana2013.7822217.152017.8732010.5562052.8832030.8181898.5151531.2811688.8851887.2171821.0411971.2221821.1042421.3822173.2111760.4962577.4532632.9732651.8792953.33116.3233060.8143221.4683078.7153261.543247.0573189.2493006.4673320.6552942.5183142.2773425.7293348.8433787.2783918.8273958.5173964.1353984.3883779.513802.9083947.8653789.9663795.0453795.045

HTIHaiti1030.9741043.0461055.1881056.6451071.7391075.7581091.881049.6761112.51097.3081117.0431148.6761066.381175.3851117.7251238.889918.8404803.9275964.62821016.151046.6751039.6281044.3411041.1041009.733991.2005969.7325957.6902972.31761026.743987.6543976.0564943.8203923.913921.3483974.00281004.098913.5935969.3878931.8182826.5027846.1539879.558879.558

HICHigh income..............2793.2092920.9952829.2893193.333220.0673179.6992920.0613118.1763108.0873237.3863572.6123640.3533351.0213589.8793692.533249.6713886.5084005.0143987.4433972.963545.0283951.1274184.7044147.3594458.5694049.4874640.9314199.564619.3544591.1754836.9424882.6444916.0584830.2694621.1614794.8675402.161

HNDHonduras1051.1831077.6171102.3971129.1581156.891211.641209.371209.3211209.0641209.2161209.5381209.9841140.1511215.2921093.4031000.724924.8432952.22561000.2051131.6511376.9691282.3311442.341343.7921433.041363.0061563.1831289.3891424.5841468.4941317.0091328.5421328.7451310.7721540.731579.4151570.0161089.9441170.2681367.9711446.9891324.7251402.021472.044

HUNHungary1857.4712042.2782041.6242111.6972320.5572401.732491.4582576.2772986.0392538.2493131.9943339.7713593.6483825.8273902.7123686.2024106.4654460.3864131.8584806.1164619.6045177.8894734.3055401.1615158.8134960.8034980.2755224.5815472.784520.8455486.1963646.0063085.2773968.9254064.4373999.5824785.7054555.0434706.3573632.6954884.8973962.5193144.3455642.877

INDIndia947.2834929.7356965.8226993.6376854.4388864.2053993.66551036.6391053.7171134.8171136.0971107.8261152.8031074.4981260.8441198.6891331.0651370.1811222.2511350.0011398.7891346.4231564.3631563.8381592.2321585.3581583.7351775.761916.4081891.2221926.3232024.8182084.8832115.5172111.7232180.9612228.5982248.4392313.6612293.5632429.8062216.5552363.6082358.587

IDNIndonesia1541.71553.5381501.9161512.7611559.8431514.2911549.3491808.4911944.1262000.7982081.6772152.3812127.212280.3332307.3272472.6252424.4552493.0022622.422865.6593022.1163332.0683320.2533379.3653513.3313476.2333604.6863568.2523778.5943800.2253862.1493817.0623916.2563865.4633842.7923944.8674011.3573816.8933895.7294026.3524044.9354174.2084246.8134267.343

IRNIran, Islamic Rep.849.9149883.5521857.4409850.2231882.0874883.5969879.7888875.1161884.2489884.7421821.8716917.9064924.8191908.03091052.8611220.4491143.4071200.6331234.8511066.9111020.8661196.7911092.8091201.3021223.281356.9631302.7351287.1241140.2921445.2631508.0041615.4321638.7731816.7241890.3091845.9241859.7542159.5652047.7631833.3411931.1852239.5552473.1062448.641

IRLIreland3141.53330.7713125.5832929.1883111.2293270.0253563.7784002.4723920.213633.8294090.1573846.7123690.0424140.664070.2483581.4844920.8054558.5934778.7464650.4514771.0965279.2735035.9226179.4495238.195362.9636286.3116410.9845996.256576.7826550.1846831.6975801.3556079.2756668.1517433.7276385.556342.7417170.7677841.6887627.3336599.26171587331.964

ISRIsrael1107.991160.1051056.4822044.3751852.8411052.722060.8411481.2771348.3881186.2591791.622642.5242278.0132353.8442179.721790.8271911.21530.0151249.6912316.5611954.7461669.5353261.211638.9412240.4652460.0043566.6632846.5512776.523483.8262644.1143267.6873015.3571885.6253133.662798.2421969.5792477.7581671.142483.0952489.6472938.0693725.7072662.354

ITAItaly2181.4562225.3362115.2042243.0322399.2782399.7842628.8422527.0692676.122754.7022963.0882926.7642983.0013156.993301.9853205.9583198.7083437.5093435.0453521.1273686.7073585.0243526.63927.1963739.3153855.4383920.0623806.9743702.693944.9254366.2734707.4114851.3424675.4954669.0674948.6934747.6245078.2015047.4014993.9344847.0064980.3074376.6545302.276

JAMJamaica868.30731042.1961105.6971227.3491244.8091065.8311221.17932.91461236.3881368.0041282.7931106.1991158.0421552.5591871.0811844.4292156.7551699.7021560.0851785.2071655.1551568.961907.8592041.5351856.7521358.9791355.8361603.1281295.6951115.7451285.1321493.4531572.8161405.7871362.3341374.4511159.7941149.6391220.531146.8131190.2861177.8071163.2161160

JPNJapan4173.5124339.5554223.9534318.4294398.24509.2875136.5525227.3365072.1915125.4274916.9965507.1885748.0815629.9575933.2685296.3355931.5585897.0235705.5934843.1595206.9455308.4365300.5355957.6875847.1845898.885683.4715469.1935673.6935846.3025415.6495876.7824429.366448.6646003.2396154.6746061.4975809.4625998.9056256.8456107.2076085.3735450.5476310.663

JORJordan550.7073381.7305353.45851010.6681024.623446.2585758.845395.8836910.4313226.4617657.3313864.1633425.1997915.4073363.7466422.9019432.6301369.1062151.2784932.6736477.8487478.5774829.231538.1372615.1758617.6603918.63851010.551914.51951219.999985.48611294.5771743.3021348.419997.52121195.3941076.1921181.9973021.3011724.2991380.1161294.481403.648521.055

KAZKazakhstan..............................................................1338.414988.6321839.5464578.211722.8188871.3204561.10981303.839943.64951217.0491146.2471074.517949.3403

KENKenya1244.6611206.731271.6571250.1721143.0071161.0221280.8981328.8451302.981278.1541270.1971286.531342.1031312.6041348.931582.7961550.761409.5361282.6961243.6351564.4611963.381664.0961332.2981641.0921878.0491550.8331736.2421696.4531487.9041517.4731523.1321487.3751923.2341864.3821422.4981402.3981548.2361427.8641374.5511606.0571484.251456.7531456.753

PRKKorea, Dem. Rep.2502.0952594.0812746.2742847.9382539.0412744.8112542.1482469.3192903.4482890.3972971.732829.6133091.4633183.4173246.723393.4493546.7283539.8053673.4563570.7013837.3623355.7933442.8393686.7093701.5213961.8563786.4083823.8533916.4143925.8575678.6635615.1366119.8934724.9512519.6271867.6262006.7193148.1482872.0062371.1763019.933187.8523314.0443428.956

KORKorea, Rep.3197.1762794.0592928.0243248.7843036.743537.0123265.3673190.6133764.7993720.0453871.6883885.0464056.954077.0974407.1124859.5875239.7125667.5925727.94055.8765173.3935416.6435529.0735715.6645798.495876.2385584.9616141.9966086.0365852.9725735.4386066.995502.8525987.1625849.9326486.4796655.2126088.5816367.4576435.7246560.4686087.2775739.7796145.51

KWTKuwait..............15001666.6672000200020002666.667225020002133.3332076.9232977.27331253188.4063059.2593060.6063046.8753019.4555260.5755672.0725552.8465274.6783577.4243652.69586.092715597.1735728.8135840.9096425.0776244.9733362.9192318.4312258.862323.7712198.3732432.1941987.9521987.952

KGZKyrgyz Republic..............................................................2771.9722463.591811.9231629.7352158.1782372.9642493.4892483.5912669.3062866.8952665.2362774.0082861.745

LAOLao PDR884.127877.0764877.0492812.5819.5489820.7847855.23611188.061357.6011365.6621229.9071240.5741338.6911327.8911343.841248.6361242.311241.6651252.4361422.3461530.2321466.821563.8531981.9922070.6672221.1612192.8731873.6772311.0582233.2442186.6112610.9752294.3732555.182492.5692520.2962727.1732687.62899.7823005.5733094.3963068.1623214.4523239.631

LACLatin America & Caribbean1271.9821334.2211308.5921387.8431361.9481366.0111429.0751347.1081412.691533.0621494.7291445.1841611.2771662.0081627.1791631.98916951713.4831728.9651800.1541997.1011988.7811984.7422097.1232140.7762036.9412098.6622094.072111.2542089.5152175.6932437.9132490.2532440.2422548.0172572.4442711.832810.8982823.0012854.6283004.0252936.2453119.5212980.743

LVALatvia..............................................................1640.8191773.5771841.2861686.0522153.0362143.1532052.2921885.0132172.4752051.7812433.5662144.6142293.161

LBNLebanon1067.4781163.0891161.866955.9613829.79491067.2121072.426746.5939801.0142932.8298871.46061222.1091073.6391416.5271253.03967.01391123.1051023.508913.53381744.7221261.4631252.8831128.3971192.5121338.9041501.4521824.5881838.9021960.791878.262024.9432099.9362154.5942067.9392568.9022449.6851638.3011909.5311738.3182414.9462910.5612468.7222495.2382495.238

LSOLesotho836.1575814.707813.2508813.275756.1912799.2844746.9921680.152680.3781605.5166622.769375.1006587.9937909.492703.0815640.07061507.6911402.1731139.485959.806830.8958664.3715679.831648.876720.6305679.3784601.7725831.0211919.38941036.209460.6524612.5743973.1883818.4445774.79521184.3591015.5091343.86988.9868838.1906962.24731016.79935.7753935.7753

LBRLiberia575571.4286523.0126509.8039525.29181060.151059.7021085.7141108.8441233.7661234.5681235.2941236.2641233.8311198.95312251242.7191257.7321238.8061233.5031280.9521352.3811230.3251286.7011252.5411235.51262.351276.5871166.0981028.571909.0909916.66671083.3331111.11111241249.3391245.5621293.3911277.1631278.0491115.385916.6667916.6667916.6667

LBYLibya214.7076220.9592255.2684234.9901341.9284319.8717292.3937242.2827326.0358219.5736229.8179581.1407627.0854398.0123472.4281462.9935286.7664435.4003351.701386.9225550.1688769.5543756.8684579.8643595.0282672.1331620.7725659.926665.7015674.4939700.4621743.3009695.4334674.9334677.3445678.038837.1151706.6225653.5228635.2736640.6888624.6351626.0945626.0945

LTULithuania..............................................................1937.9192106.9851756.5511856.922423.8582535.1182453.0932022.9092713.1482562.5272765.5993042.6872556.998

LMYLow & middle income1117.9581162.271156.6681254.0651205.061339.2111359.5121396.6771395.7651510.5761554.7471515.8871617.9271620.4351587.8841733.611696.2811856.6261784.7711833.821858.71987.4052066.5012104.5912118.6192182.9342184.1842208.7362299.4762398.362336.72374.7062439.862388.9452424.5152523.0922596.7842615.9422671.7532597.7992711.9612696.4142669.3532801.032

LICLow income1017.7661006.7781040.7251061.221963.129958.45061058.8491091.2831099.8121165.9911165.6821147.7041188.5091167.5051282.7541249.0211329.3411362.1221285.5871383.8541447.2861423.7741547.7331523.4181561.6521561.7711540.1661654.8361754.9221730.9881736.2321772.8851841.0931786.8241812.8751878.5321878.2011929.8672006.3562027.3552058.2931973.1822043.722045.443

LMCLower middle income1132.9351213.5361181.7841321.3471298.5751513.7921495.3721544.5981527.7181683.6921735.0941674.8911810.2491806.8641698.5971962.5031847.3882076.7972016.3072045.9832027.0382239.5622327.5952380.312398.6272512.3342517.8482512.6782607.4652796.0622662.7722732.3392813.3132782.6332825.2262969.6293081.933098.6013171.9143017.8943181.5483213.4143182.4093364.048

LUXLuxembourg..............................................................................5425.4685221.4145747.3445677.215645.439

MKDMacedonia, FYR..............................................................2651.552011.4832695.7173006.8152454.7392747.8883078.8752940.042559.7132287.4292900.6262421.862919.049

MDGMadagascar1784.821761.6371758.2111806.3941744.8741585.4881652.7071686.2321770.3371857.7541792.4161797.5761741.7581809.4571758.9851847.3581695.8051621.2131687.4551681.7561621.6711593.7311729.6841742.5661749.2651782.1881884.5661823.3251955.6521945.3011927.0061933.7311924.0061925.7841967.4722007.3642000.29218751962.2641890.0842020.3771967.2922105.452105.45

MWIMalawi984.46141026.996876.73931076.789856.5125905.2021381.302995.2568967.2929888.41021133.3821149.8381104.031133.0581014.941110.2411298.8491246.7671174.9841187.3811121.941169.1371146.2221180.611691076.0771001.8051156.4331179.424991.54661140.96481.59611488.768897.19441312.8281390.59964.80581322.1371745.3631675.4891097.5861045.691257.1821102.935

MYSMalaysia2097.0442058.0642143.8071986.4642144.1792129.0222015.5362164.232318.0822382.9772468.5532396.0962632.1692826.6042641.2132697.0352611.6882542.7752822.8192835.8722824.3732742.9042579.892497.9222642.4412619.4332450.9052505.5842601.8852740.3022787.442953.1153003.0073031.8893119.163199.9883023.2782843.2122910.3043037.8743137.8813240.463334.2633249.871

MDVMaldives888.2681875897.2603912.5364923.8578916.129905.8442852.9412783.0189892.1933760.8696781.25952.795986.7947889.9398829.5455798.0769823.5294800850766.9173740.2598714.2857100010001000125010001375100010001000100010001571.42918002200200010008001000100010001000

MLIMali707.5105729.4412644.8275748.5871811.9039787.2671748.1683766.8338872.8978829.5598831.3547687.8842673.4261796.1915880.553679.1096615.72831077.516847.8134726.1284837.8873784.9986840.4214696.56241083.9571089.7731033.403961.9591939.7269726.37991055.317738.03762.7499817.7718810.14291100.5171064.3451204.21174.1061006.448986.223792.3769837.2484837.2484

MLTMalta1360.3731373.3441566.4671462.1431694.2011438.5371490.5011230.2011345.4881374.7561755.8711983.7712018.3781758.6722009.2292470.9363139.7132795.262809.4623196.1763751.7854125.2633940.6553563.6223625.8943656.8393574.0593303.5923629.58235003136.36430002703.7042607.1432508.47535003904.8153962.9634037.0374007.527400040004119.7184119.718

MRTMauritania369.8435378.7848374.4854376.0887340.5397369.3491374.9029387.2502399.1396342.998206.785209.8872217.0193330.1892435.7067558.7712414.2939328.2004308.082422.2733420.3726451.1311464.2822501.291638.6948699.05211010.788863.2432949.7653869.8464673.7184862.1365848.9793667.6691771.8948849.0499782.0501893.8547863.5242863.6176638.32181010.004933.124933.124

MUSMauritius1512.6051780.7021289.47410001644.4442524.8621723.8812409.7562858.7442775.6293592.763155.9453200.4832757.3272212.0422783.9672773.3562501.8662545.2632454.5452609.0712541.2843038.5494441.6564740.5664407.4683543.5573845.4553738.394192.6613723.7764434.594242.9913728.8133853.3334866.6675043.47851804902.43989007203.7047763.15834003400

MEXMexico1104.9171124.541130.0991302.0061335.5791290.0251371.4121430.3641492.7031540.7581529.9651513.5671501.641613.7991744.9631729.8131779.4181918.4552009.0272191.1092292.5362415.6432183.6852340.4712431.1672332.4622321.9372180.5862198.3022424.4882427.0762708.3292639.5612518.4182519.7312553.0842679.0932639.4532717.7362761.2392866.0482913.7222806.4482753.826

MNAMiddle East & North Africa802.62941127.5591061.3171011.9671053.295938.82421025.2541159.3351072.2561020.3571101.3881195.656986.29321125.3841183.2591262.6041034.9771228.3591176.1391276.1691160.9861316.2161190.7511220.7431387.1411562.4321413.581693.8441413.9711616.9021832.4411739.8661826.4632128.4811954.4372141.4632019.2092087.3672095.4471979.0712247.4632417.4282516.3812259.394

MICMiddle income1168.0431241.2251215.0471350.351327.7011526.7241514.7231555.3561556.5241695.1381757.6081702.3681844.81850.7471741.7771979.0721884.6052111.4832041.1242069.5932075.5922281.6632348.3732421.7072432.7672540.8052540.0842534.3542623.2782793.9912696.6872739.2042817.742789.0642837.4412958.9273090.6623118.3373169.5233021.4163191.3443223.3943163.4463359.81

MDAMoldova..............................................................2928.2023832.3972181.5692989.4572288.4933432.582748.8782443.8882032.7572487.122502.7661848.183626.208

MNGMongolia400861.5789817.7665898.3051772.8359662.4843816.171525.7129317.8744681.1768898.9875497.21081085.319752.8011113.831841.8092855.3068626.8577566.1639517.0363635.10011042.6061387.504966.34711395.621380.6351106.5741269.0731245.9911097.193970.0922833.855866.1778737.2443736.9608661.765758.7019634.9962607.22784.9354756.8298691.0987826.5352509.4028

MARMorocco407.60061068.883891.3092864.0725881.2609468.4806728.07531348.088880.9236942.02781142.6321120.83686.40151051.92887.78781187.344581.8992999.3176928.00181019.458485.15151146.761759.9733837.53991108.4551509.694853.66911495.3991342.8641120.0881575.884587.568560.44791584.936446.54431687.142834.59591123.127743.9586367.8042895.4651069.7281434.1191072.517

MOZMozambique876.8958859.7092911.1204926.549935.7045923.4694960.7087948.744887.1519999.9723941.0768979.3282873.7864777.6699571.73795.7895772.7748710.4167622.8463595.6873591.7001498.4252489.011509.9693531.3391543.9633398.1805393.282395.6975473.9125341.6095175.8106564.7884520.4831652.5066821.9097821.5016839.04961033.604837.5828789.8683861.7151862.0338862.0338

MMRMyanmar1534.9611560.1631521.1641623.0621575.641380.1861545.6661588.4341616.1351611.2011635.091543.2981680.1121670.9711742.2351799.3741845.2981992.812197.3812600.1892766.4522989.1392874.6852890.3482896.6592863.6832885.9422754.6272747.6162762.4622703.2572750.7732875.282991.6132816.9632897.5362894.8182932.1713049.6313190.5623240.2683449.3413503.4093598.504

NAMNamibia415.7944419.3213420.6671398.19383.5736366.8261353.3724358.4379352.7443354.083343.5162346.6749347.3872350.939355.1296354.2601361.588366.0619370.9509376.7894383.3249385.1085399.0476414.2993321.7391401.6287355.4363395.0696441.5849457.3163547.0303140.019356.08334.5277205.661273.965521.2795252.8828243.377373.738387.2474412.5845409.4555409.4555

NPLNepal1846.6471842.2881843.8591883.181867.3011741.9761738.2061723.9931750.931782.5051716.9241630.1041772.7911767.5831789.6141709.5411604.3331634.0471456.8861687.1371700.921381.5141745.2591666.2011659.0581524.7451684.0721780.3511886.9061920.0821848.231725.9561858.8321773.0681891.2841957.8981946.5661960.2462106.4472136.3382176.962170.5762304.7182297.291

NLDNetherlands3691.3864277.4293986.8634395.7813673.4213513.6024206.533938.9573981.1623768.3814320.4853982.4894640.0765042.3924472.6494779.9074768.4715797.925402.7245689.1945997.386740.9416351.557188.8716174.0747419.8526267.326197.4746750.5636968.9097007.3817459.2297998.3637164.4637797.4098292.8547168.6797307.0287577.3967625.7427269.1647121.6518472.4638327.256

NCLNew Caledonia1314.2861452.6321533.3331976.47117251973.3331521.1271660.4361842.3732348.6242315.792354.1672493.4782611.9052752.5772197.0152548.7812354.8391949.8911929.9822523.092438.052021.5151117.8082548.5192069.0751333.3332038.7761237.51943.752329.1143003.71824003036.3643128.12537783704.1423623.2143735.693757.8373703.7623711.8963633.8293633.829

NZLNew Zealand3125.2662763.5672732.6443325.3963275.6583521.3453708.4133560.3633681.8152974.8363487.3413786.7853935.3243259.7583307.6924003.2994162.9724033.6613899.9733941.3874426.6194537.6754532.1054804.0724611.8114451.8334453.3184611.1484275.7535034.0035299.1295437.2115407.9725768.9725194.8565871.7985882.9536276.5346168.5816273.1286484.0776441.0216464.5226554.317

NICNicaragua939.7208937.72561031.7261035.6511003.7011050.311054.71091.6841063.481109.8451082.66891.30691152.87965.49551153.7221030.1521072.011314.7621380.4311572.3051471.2861566.2171712.6361622.6841657.9961905.7251665.3731763.7891549.0571524.4771374.2231688.0591787.1461725.2381681.3091689.3021686.4341641.8241597.8851647.9851692.8651739.7971954.2771682.689

NERNiger505.1975547.754560.1216599.2667467.533496.2329571.2626394.0209493.7053390.2059424.7731417.5821323.9337405.9611346.4434423.409431.2525431.5364447.0198457.4303415.6305400.3155401.9287257.0865425.0249418.8956326.5225475.1978352.6515310.2829361.6985298.436291.2917349.1861291.3283311.285267.907389.1281381.4036289.6053401.0168413.9875411.3274420.0313

NGANigeria742.962782.7722763.7092717.8284687.056607.8004693.465671.0753611.0417722.8751709.5812654.9411659.2027996.1259967.0992725.238932.5737916.08181053.3291086.951655.4631632.8581526.0161266.3371247.9271156.7121203.0081305.4791252.8611147.9221094.0991163.9941153.0621132.2851210.4851220.3851182.7781201.811203.1981119.9041046.7861049.2571062.5631062.563

NORNorway2791.7822071.2612578.0582595.432553.5662169.2022729.0583524.8672625.0013206.883226.3022981.6553260.1513777.7972556.5512840.673566.4753677.2713557.6463644.7763698.6983746.8173335.5214284.6273885.9383251.5683814.0183104.8213408.8944399.2584021.2452812.2764003.263671.6453628.964025.7413879.4194047.2783711.5353879.3233662.8243821.8963912.4133968.066

OMNOman1115.3851115.3851111.1111107.1431107.1431133.3331145.1611193.5481193.5481218.751218.751196.971282.0511282.0511282.05112501000913.4615977.4109904.70941065.1981754.1851754.1851754.1851037.71923.3581912.7711952.4242070.4852159.6642142.8572131.14721802192.8432180.7472155.03922002181.8182257.3842320.9832321.8162318.6022317.6712317.671

PAKPakistan856.3505857.9562877.7121886.5362886.6132840.0391904.23441131.611191.9581229.6741196.5931284.0921325.8231313.9171391.3631460.6841470.3351429.211540.3351613.0761670.2151637.2851675.3131544.8911601.931833.2541628.2261702.3651779.6851766.4381805.4121881.5251957.7481839.1972042.0912048.0172043.3592195.1932217.7952407.8842230.8922261.5422311.8492423.212

PANPanama951.5453993.9244947.2999954.6676988.8721935.7024989.71941078.11107.5681186.7581198.822992.21181254.1581266.3671317.9871014.1411379.3681352.771408.8621538.8611625.5781448.8351539.5931515.0671623.1371634.8461775.6871738.6661903.4041866.6981882.9061835.8311898.7271969.6231720.9351800.4162085.9171771.9652033.492042.5212710.9452439.3122434.7192467.153

PNGPapua New Guinea2807.2842597.5282538.672074.2462475.0662103.6452058.7612003.041668.6432008.8142433.2782150.6192561.9682257.9761887.5191606.1481268.7721535.2112100.3062364.3511797.4461302.2042023.3551926.0162087.9932010.0551502.1461823.8992160.4942395.3492432.992683.16826802914.89430003264.1514085.1064170.2133981.1324109.0914064.5164196.7213551.7243533.333

PRYParaguay1251.7921309.0281273.0411309.0711347.7781130.941329.8021061.7481235.6391266.2211257.441117.1811363.0061414.461373.3481410.9011418.8991341.2961495.6941582.2311527.7541480.2951501.7821441.9711748.3331678.9491998.0291926.6091765.9191979.3471768.4171966.81967.4251790.4142462.7951989.632261.7031998.2512205.3481844.5952052.9452030.3962023.4782023.478

PERPeru1487.7551515.9521399.361539.2241551.1181574.9281669.1131522.2781629.1181750.6941750.1971698.2731711.8831743.1021842.4931924.7491952.5891796.2091883.3631818.1792134.9982170.0242087.3152522.7962328.1312300.0182552.8042480.7652523.7982601.1692292.662496.0232691.8082904.492638.4392627.9362756.1792745.6163115.6223085.7253264.2483375.1943448.4382384.571

PHLPhilippines996.32561025.2521030.21035.6591045.4831062.81113.1061105.4371330.6681350.2991272.1881163.9031185.9771224.7091286.3321353.7921488.1181509.8861581.2571606.3611646.6071822.6491659.9041747.3241840.9591914.7171847.3471877.1781945.4352064.7542042.6782103.2762212.8062312.3082263.7512339.6532375.1842240.5182464.7822580.8512667.8622730.6022813.3712931.298

POLPoland1782.3541600.0591717.3371607.2631900.1151884.6541934.2622121.8522142.5261948.3972350.9662404.6292650.6282840.892486.9512685.5962424.3492742.6012202.9262336.8442494.2682614.9792726.382989.6072893.5423039.1323108.7962903.6973218.2283283.793190.7712398.982752.9522566.1463022.3622901.0912854.0633070.9622959.3632534.783056.3983240.8022865.3713285.584

PRTPortugal784.7949880.5885828.6353814.3267855.6692804.41041097.121136.359953.37421038.3461321.091148.531158.8091130.3871137.4591082.371942.8516890.8103982.47891274.8411050.0491205.6371078.0461491.821437.2821771.5081804.5761642.0442017.9861877.6792160.5241778.9572033.4232398.7231993.8272498.1892220.7973135.2642829.3292780.6842632.2682905.6852628.532789.673

PRIPuerto Rico1132.9381269.7861297.31341.741597.461476.1261596.4162227.9412128.012637.6113066.313042.2464098.7954283.0514529.3115464.136116.3046170.336823.8647391.3049695.3949671.6429789.237956.4522872.8263125.1372051.5392358.0251238.09510801149.4251069.7671732.7941410.25615001595.7451708.3331870.6117501730.7691730.7691730.7691730.7691730.769

QATQatar....................3220436034503630.7693728.5723430.7692163.7432569.0612409.0912622.9512837.8383758.2423190.4763238.5063219.6653262.3763254.313227.2273049.9542897.4122781.1573145.413048.2683169.753188.0153377.7633377.0493362.5733534.1323855.7693772.953877.6934256.6674256.667

ROMRomania1509.7671452.2721555.5891659.4751862.2912037.9012046.0081918.2781953.8191801.7232355.8872711.0322384.1692295.4382446.5383116.3982950.8272898.8242940.9632993.9362627.1643313.1152918.5193195.3783102.6263181.1252821.0293265.9483049.3483010.7653191.6562128.2742422.6872772.8023085.0782430.2853498.0962645.0523188.081856.6363000.6352438.9882535.8983899.335

RUSRussian Federation..............................................................1743.2251635.8051457.6531223.5151389.451790.0191301.051452.5571563.3961936.9081972.0691786.4231913.53

RWARwanda853.99611359.0671438.0391361.9161454.2261069.6641067.145958.636995.13781122.0971074.4391066.8511049.12936.03751074.8191097.4291110.1461114.5441086.2811211.8641105.3011199.0851157.7211065.5061226.261243.8231282.8521216.2131154.5871042.6491259.97962.35481454.0371032.4371136.5361262.6281129.117972.6132824.8082848.3421913.16111028.482968.77281006.133

STPSao Tome and Principe1481.4811481.4811481.4811481.4811481.4811448.2761433.3331466.6671508.1971516.1291548.3871538.4621529.4121514.2861527.7781515.1511515.1511515.151150015001515.1511515.15115001555.5561516.667150016001764.70620001928.5712117.6472222.2222222.2222263.1582222.22222502222.2221931.4292124.28622302500250025002500

SAUSaudi Arabia1319.1961316.9591370.5641349.9831373.4031362.61361.1941139.4531327.4961277.286734.7432714.2106563.4955730.2081837.8463659.0584751.8152744.6329799.0294587.69851071.81864.9432763.9693235.123471.0953840.2674106.0034127.2094086.7024244.7984200.6584191.6254462.3564546.5443784.4083429.4653562.7853540.4913575.4893516.3963928.9274047.5753571.5363664.136

SENSenegal549.4498544.332573.2902588.3362588.6819530.7917636.3058461.2168698.9846475.5889655.7439370.9469507.9633740.5483708.2202706.7647508.0825833.166616.7509547.3893904.7455684.2598573.2863612.0956819.8824761.7167841.369712.0785847.2777795.0178825.6586787.7402841.5945745.3964873.7601758.4819699.0587669.6379803.3273879.3938833.7737651.611090.6571090.657

YUGSerbia and Montenegro..............................................................2926.0072999.7893370.9573784.8683223.2684343.9933667.0634146.3562640.1614269.0473976.1482755.2753782.615

SLESierra Leone940.57921208.6321219.7891360.1791295.421312.8021322.4121314.4811595.5961357.511288.7161356.7191346.5351381.0671476.2081427.0591441.6441438.0761238.3831251.0781256.3151309.4581243.8941535.9861253.7081477.4791283.8161222.8931238.0851201.6651233.7161233.9841187.7911161.0651194.9581253.3151205.5781111.5711118.9161081.3471210.1821191.4391219.4911219.491

SVNSlovenia..............................................................3608.5993776.9655064.1284458.9374863.3235639.1625800.5425195.24815.3764745.3946102.3973813.2764865.46

SLBSolomon Islands1739.131833.333192020002074.0742210.1451085.7142341.0141388.6722725.9892626.6433344.3043093.9093096.4472065.1082952.1973231.4432875.7043411.4113684.6733441.5493302.4133693.4172917.8252743.7792760.085......................3939.3943996.448400040003846.1543846.1543928.572

ZAFSouth Africa1099.3881142.3361128.269914.1018911.61651010.6961726.4281006.3411041.4351187.4081498.7761594.5851007.8291876.6571625.6011392.3491753.3691877.7321610.7562019.0572684.3621661.748960.90011084.7431577.7291591.1981630.4911673.9772289.8321880.0421990.251944.04212164.0652595.6891415.592503.892284.3872196.652195.5992927.3262418.7542862.6042634.1882530.069

SASSouth Asia1016.097989.27031041.0481061.147944.5593938.71461062.5121118.3061139.4571203.1651190.5491171.8331230.9361163.381331.2281278.4041399.5261430.0341313.4961440.4741480.4851438.9571637.3061619.1871651.8931663.7691652.6871815.3211957.891938.6591976.252061.8532120.0372116.2562146.3722210.4362247.3272295.1842376.4642403.7482488.4392339.5392467.4892461.62

ESPSpain1082.4741278.711303.0661178.5321250.7031327.6081480.5831569.0941558.051380.2761840.5281611.1091595.0821765.6051974.3321766.1951925.1732174.7261907.7682479.8551571.3091764.2521851.1392772.142762.1672143.0972626.8253017.9432491.5272484.512490.7231956.1482720.3112350.4861730.5913307.4532767.6423401.0062708.7663609.8042809.6173214.2793253.6693715.589

LKASri Lanka1765.4291869.11848.431917.0211681.5871732.8792038.5032283.1082426.7652154.6681939.1641966.821843.5381885.8291752.8341812.0762022.8322144.0592337.742501.0772547.9412755.2853065.6362632.7572960.5882990.5112997.3642917.0732880.8022965.0042925.8042957.7293024.1792901.9953052.6283008.5123143.1763400.0963191.9853338.193424.9023405.0593282.4933228.038

LCASt. Lucia1250125012501500125015001500961.5385892.8571840714.2857750632.6531700700700700700700..................................................

VCTSt. Vincent and the Grenadines400040004000400040003500336034403185.1853185.1853259.2593169.0143142.8573142.8573214.2863214.2863214.2863357.1433333.3333312.53235.2943333.3333351.3513315.79330030003333.3332998.023325.623566.7613333.3333333.3333333.3333333.3333333.3333333.3333333.3333333.333300030003000300029653250

SSASub-Saharan Africa820.3709843.302840.7469803.4217773.6525778.273948.0174807.7169809.3416837.6047917.2429935.7348797.20951043.81022.094945.95841017.5491046.771998.56181045.2391249.3411069.845916.2045897.25381067.9911052.3851023.2711089.3091126.0421028.1071038.684880.29241073.2891045.714983.21751136.9881059.2861073.961093.2971118.6741068.1411066.5741076.8541068.649

SDNSudan913.0963811.2249877.5607783.6151698.7856605.2838908.0452668.4515802.6469721.1605756.6246604.7207604.1827672.1299692.6371776.8402648.8846722.4079543.9932629.5372760.0537480.2811494.1106290.3537559.7806565.3562364.7698628.2727353.4377455.7347681.1873651.572503.1764508.2781424.8564606.9941430.4905594.0234429.5417505.1726626.1772487.0252645.3447645.3447

SURSuriname2763.3642897.0072705.312890.2082994.4153330.883527.8993267.683479.5633708.2863391.5693284.1893640.5813656.3763675.3353559.8634077.4144051.6623999.7293959.5173958.1154144.6373649.674031.713990.1663985.4743812.683811.1143731.4883765.1353813.4063795.1483694.9123957.8214026.5183603.4413434.0233766.4343755.7013896.7163767.3923939.0363798.8323798.832

SWZSwaziland469.2522486.1483541.1132477.7885482.8817453.4384685.0792552.0983619.5416648.22471619.0451753.4831160.6341554.31418.7411469.2281322.5191803.335967.09451381.3931685.39901.5272720.20121802.7592045.5131486.9671288.8861313.9371053.241277.6371050.3891568.4941380.6721272.5132169.2081756.5581905.9391897.6771632.5771415.714993.87661020.741160.3271160.327

SWESweden2812.6952644.6792549.9713237.633156.1652543.7713258.5253394.872678.1533240.7033535.8483368.0183083.9914191.3923378.0653427.2953375.7313699.6163436.1323520.8393827.0023923.943653.4754492.1463779.1213907.6873820.7783681.5224325.0764963.7424492.6113359.3954758.9433891.3664358.6214893.6324718.294379.754276.3364615.5274590.6544836.7764638.3115169.971

CHESwitzerland2872.5973776.8752936.113627.3923212.1743305.7183983.4223852.1933651.3963692.464282.9154079.5584198.2644766.9124256.9354530.1824004.4114815.7545078.3524623.6784948.1415279.9415071.0266162.9195720.6415090.6885043.2356328.946780.9085983.876292.7116028.1256403.8655978.2766278.446879.1066577.9996773.5175790.7246601.1196160.8736431.0755690.1875894.332

SYRSyrian Arab Republic540.00571008.322836.5721779.0113916.9506643.8326892.7218741.1218884.7361353.3961603.89061284.12299.11541020.278799.57171039.406629.6725931.5266682.78371437.6671347.383801.2158947.9022587.549938.09571170.697820.43891664.534334.5577749.1593921.12431170.8631486.3031532.2731655.5951843.1741266.1641577.051074.6461149.1792265.2881993.6811992.2341746.671

TJKTajikistan..............................................................1036.609960.82091037.422983.41891585.3351373.3371266.3451217.5331323.2511254.8781891.7162201.8021838.368

TZATanzania805.6503831.261958.6431804.4225801.4017760.195702.5131581.0682638.5139573.8032708.0652667.9659902.9976764.61831052.1651007.6011005.908999.60361166.2631020.2291003.1051429.4751300.871270.6691366.8441126.5661274.2811220.0921489.2271506.2361233.791087.3491227.4381170.3651483.4341491.7811088.921199.9461291.6511337.91482.8541563.2131430.6141432.97

THAThailand1675.4841737.2221891.8111830.0771786.3061842.8271775.8091821.941905.1922075.8221993.1731781.4171957.7611878.8361889.4431899.4941591.8871968.6551837.9151911.0671983.3251918.7812050.4652102.6012125.442089.0372006.2862203.4632143.0682009.0992295.3762254.1612231.0432409.4062507.4762525.7222458.1112565.3762537.3912718.8092726.9432706.8092740.9682675.863

TMPTimor-Leste1403.9751217.2411194.5391154.651197.061240.731280.1211477.5321355.9051276.7971233.3151421.4291476.0291583.333150014001414.63413201280.7021269.8411305.08512961292.3081374.6121334.8071334.9911420.3531523.7061601.3931608.1231737.4751735.4382031.7332025.1932017.3942046.6211779.3832094.9042222.0981936.7921665.3792129.7171926.251926.25

TGOTogo457.2523477.3532513.3141502.0967452.4812467.6876463.2155571.6926726.7081812.5215902.6707974.3201859.0099919.5665970.4698830.8594843.9542757.2394822.6201635.7419727.9503868.5827748.4643892.362840.3521787.894721.3168843.8358917.9218746.8419762.7186863.2731877.5963721.6638849.3608811.3577981.1499835.4271060.8151052.5991014.881004.4291003.2961003.296

TTOTrinidad and Tobago2352.062381.3792410.9592439.4792411.0672424.2422642.7062659.172707.3862901.6113022.4023002.0612981.0342959.9522686.3132957.8972948.6822986.173259.5863201.563038.5953073.9323075.7052470.1282358.5222408.6342562.42721.8182565.472825.98330563594.6483262.1543631.293705.613686.7742940.9132935.8542848.0772835.68626702760.7692677.2732625

TUNTunisia499.188729.4933749.5603641.6145738.835693.0946618.7715701.1216662.6152553.469713.9318905.3677825.2505813.7708931.55734.0367566.9986667.5019596.9649915.5447971.66611086.13582.9349716.90481084.798607.00391155.214642.3938641.75431143.3191550.7971514.4871215.02895.00541125.2561458.785938.59031363.3051237.634986.2861755.5871258.7451845.5321161.268

TURTurkey989.41341135.9811343.4361117.921138.6341272.6621303.4291215.681291.6961215.0421573.4731435.1021238.0841294.1831632.4391805.5021791.6821824.5831880.1281855.1011871.7111978.7391838.4031971.1041931.0372135.5332137.4382250.2351742.1082214.1572239.4532123.4462255.0211911.5162037.8562105.7492131.4692359.4762075.1972311.0482127.172237.1052230.6292426.894

TKMTurkmenistan..............................................................2209.592333.5652610.7231700.694824.20571186.4062148.5722270.7251464.6062318.7342754.3032621.8072992.553

UGAUganda902.3339903.7234926.5652884.4014910.519908.9114913.1431074.5151185.5121362.6351087.9041227.5961173.4681079.8411350.7881217.2391205.3761210.1471613.7231491.011561.6621308.9821617.3411041.9431469.4981181.2831427.5351438.2721515.8481497.631434.0981530.1141540.9841494.9811571.2071204.8561218.1411526.3541633.9081539.3591641.081669.9581641.3351641.335

UKRUkraine..............................................................2834.4363291.352728.9882512.7392010.1372490.1062105.3842002.6331950.6982726.0582750.1011846.9253029.471

AREUnited Arab Emirates................................1166.6671466.6672242.8572409.5742018.66720001417.7781613.4451340.2061185.6711106.329808.32091924.6792216.4871594.0532315.368858.58591855.3791741.9351194.8315137.93172004156.86365003533.3333411.7653428.5723428.572

GBRUnited Kingdom3176.4523683.4873484.3173734.7253750.0823544.653828.663446.4843670.7713568.9453926.2214083.1374077.6594369.0793812.4083599.1864513.3234522.4854497.2284944.1494933.1495438.9585377.4866590.8875592.1416083.1475506.1285399.3855866.6586170.9466467.6976324.5016424.4386555.5196873.0367320.3866695.0336661.5667043.5527164.7456291.7427075.6057029.7397141.304

USAUnited States2521.852682.5542800.1752638.5063039.7573015.5213160.4553211.6163463.2993153.9823724.6593907.1883682.3852996.733460.353532.7063682.7514108.984425.0683770.6854255.7944370.5923535.8534374.1324763.2984698.8814735.3953706.9064473.8644754.9394509.6975360.224300.9395562.6884644.7665177.6515277.745675.835732.9865853.7645890.5785567.1536027.0636820.863

UMCUpper middle income1437.6711467.9071465.751564.7871555.2551623.6981656.1211632.4241768.441782.2491925.7751914.9342113.1152201.5622087.4682109.112191.7962393.6452253.5512269.9762451.1262610.092502.3572739.7782688.0352770.6162718.1262712.162755.2042777.462979.6962796.7692852.1182836.4162928.1772886.3473150.4833247.1213153.4773044.0293253.8363292.1063043.0533332.019

URYUruguay859.707936.8549794.63821084.195951.4359872.4901753.1287890.54391038.8231157.0381034.9681117.831265.1661385.2491157.7551296.1891079.4571343.8791509.2161618.281804.132055.9831876.2731955.1531840.9061870.5912100.1182538.9522633.712181.6542418.8732733.4062478.9572970.8413189.5873290.7013077.4993434.4973722.4683696.2273164.8323148.1384091.9324091.932

UZBUzbekistan..............................................................1777.1831662.3151593.4161935.5672029.661965.1112356.6222523.4562435.9252926.0573650.2442984.2543731.715

VUTVanuatu500500500500500471.4286466.6667475500529.4117500526.3158500500500500500500500520520520520520519.6851515.3846507.6923500507.6923538.4615500507.6923515.3846538.4615538.4615538.4615538.4615538.4615538.4615538.4615538.4615538.4615538.4615538.4615

VENVenezuela, RB1115.591164.0471119.1251199.7271271.5451308.2511180.3631233.2141200.7621305.131234.8321264.2961368.3811451.611634.6041549.2821892.5951868.6721913.3361914.0921885.3911973.4981936.4392030.0792029.131947.0471994.0832123.6642343.4182486.132621.4992576.5862912.4872961.8112974.0653031.4573080.5163088.233316.9483243.6523330.9693182.8543276.1063265.907

VNMVietnam1856.3611953.2822070.8641909.8211898.3871762.0431878.5871680.9831756.7672103.752167.9312143.8812168.0272114.5952064.0642167.9481873.5611746.0972002.5772016.1272127.8552433.6222539.4492645.8472691.7882715.0562606.822849.7833089.1513072.9473006.373212.5583361.5563458.7363569.9913666.2823758.3413838.7383971.8774113.0714167.9974441.7424480.4224531

WLDWorld1358.7551435.5471448.6711504.2361506.9211622.7331664.5391706.011717.3111777.5311904.5841870.7571948.931899.7911920.5542033.992031.0592223.9562187.1072168.8912257.8742381.7052317.9252507.4892543.9282573.3062552.4562471.4112641.762772.0392700.2752800.6542751.96528272771.7432955.1193004.0223072.3763114.393069.4733126.7373071.6773100.1663316.235

YEMYemen, Rep.782.4714781.2905771.85776.1064773.6263776.9693794.1895793.6085810.2093780.8244853.6828788.1383843.7107800.549951.0651823.2037883.2919956.5167997.34421016.4511099.032961.3723526.5225533.1221518.3333803.9705841.7049970.49281004.965907.7085699.66051110.3191109.3021091.651104.995937.0866895.44341081.4721111.1731085.2651064.527944.2032796.597873.6583

ZMBZambia822.2056801.3812706.8604788.8771823.5485877.9971869.6151785.2019774.045624.3615876.29551007.065838.7445967.70651311.1461375.671504.7121515.4091529.1391567.4921930.6341572.1181651.1771646.1391842.7841930.6481610.352457.3941717.3191352.0631638.687763.11512302.8531417.5421331.4471911.731413.3571211.1791323.5621461.6181477.8251412.9691563.9491563.949

ZWEZimbabwe919.7089905.8904822.4757820.5493930.7979937.82631280.8891020.1661145.31942.26481391.9111637.005961.27261485.4531360.1671388.0561475.8751378.941144.1811184.7631748.4191138.449632.3396789.12431867.6521693.104852.51721590.2341508.3341624.5881330.487410.97971479.4461444.577535.99461528.8171280.6821126.7951089.1231411.6961186.152461.1882626.8505727.5165

Demography:

The Continuing Population Threat

Chart1

23.493025080525.089638435519.14013703520.64603538110.6311640681

28.769320396724.274114084715.560340053420.4492329389.94699252721

22.866990339527.340966710317.368158544521.30275563810.12112876771

36.570125375120.060777436711.556543556822.60369694217.12551135792.0833453314

25.581630342918.194934581412.076064419732.9705005437.03494834434.1419217688

22.20630114.680909968619.908475581825.64216578329.80088214517.7612655212

20.823882515316.841629524722.882675309717.358035544313.48175194928.6120251567

18.233804413317.65279738524.076223327814.218448307717.00759243248.8111341338

15.340699432317.54871113124.75967272912.383046843921.34170010418.6261697596

China

India

Rest of Asia

West

Africa

Latin America

Year

Share of World Total

Share of World Population

Sheet1

GNP

150016001700182019001970200020252050

China24.929.022.332.911.04.711.916.115.6

India24.422.424.416.08.63.45.310.814.3

Other Asia15.714.015.110.58.515.220.622.123.7

Europe23.926.129.332.047.239.325.717.111.6

Western Offshoots0.50.30.21.917.625.625.016.211.1

Africa7.77.16.94.53.43.63.27.613.5

Latin America2.91.11.72.23.68.38.410.210.2

Asia65.065.461.859.428.223.337.749.053.6

West24.326.429.634.064.864.950.733.222.8

Afria and Latin America10.78.28.66.67.011.811.617.823.7

150016001700182019001970200020252050

China23.4928.7722.8736.5725.5822.2120.823882515318.233804413315.3406994323

India25.0924.2727.3420.0618.1914.6816.841629524717.65279738517.548711131

Rest of Asia19.1415.5617.3711.5612.0819.9122.8824.0824.76

West20.64603538120.44923293821.30275563822.603696942132.97050054325.642165783217.358035544314.218448307712.3830468439

Africa10.639.9510.127.137.039.8013.481751949217.007592432421.3417001041

Latin America1.001.001.002.084.147.768.61202515678.81113413388.6261697596

Sheet1

China

India

Other Asia

Europe

Western Offshoots

Africa

Latin America

Year

Percent of Total

Shares of World GNP

WCD + Maddison

64.960049615824.33912721310.6827005171

65.440114568226.36850342318.1913820087

61.816903646729.55377367898.6293226744

59.385255685733.97272724666.6420170678

28.213025582264.79781857386.9891678602

23.258490167764.902740724311.8387724309

37.702408547150.700974671411.5966154961

48.963625632833.224994966917.8113794003

53.565247077622.773448909923.6613040125

Asia

West

Afria and Latin America

Year

Shares of Total

GNP Shares by Region

Maddison

China

India

Rest of Asia

West

Africa

Latin America

Year

Share of World Total

Share of World Population

rough

Share of World Wealth and World Population by Continent and Religion

Source: World Christian Database (2005) and Maddison (2001)

GDP

19001970200020252050

Atheist0.031.542.142.081.82

Bahai0.000.060.120.140.18

Buddhist4.956.637.416.605.94

Chinese Universist13.041.714.305.174.75

Christian67.8466.6252.9743.6638.96

Confucianist0.000.080.220.150.10

Ethnoreligious1.591.531.682.162.43

Hindu7.083.334.428.2710.56

Jain0.050.020.020.050.06

Jew0.951.190.770.510.38

Muslim2.917.1110.0116.4521.95

Neoreligious0.342.362.892.201.77

Nonreligious0.617.2512.3811.8310.31

Other0.000.000.000.000.00

Shintoist0.500.330.160.090.05

Sikh0.080.090.170.280.35

Spiritualist0.010.110.180.240.26

Taoist0.000.040.110.080.06

Zoroastrian0.000.000.030.050.06

Africa7.6113.47

Asia48.9653.57

-China16.1115.62

-India10.7814.28

Latin America10.2010.19

Western Offshoots16.1511.15

Europe17.0711.62

Population

Atheist0.014.472.421.931.62

Bahai0.000.070.120.150.19

Buddhist7.856.295.965.815.42

Chinese Universist23.466.276.425.494.53

Christian34.4633.3932.8833.5434.47

Confucianist0.040.130.100.080.07

Ethnoreligious7.264.423.933.433.13

Hindu12.5312.5113.2813.5413.11

Jain0.080.070.070.080.07

Jew0.760.410.240.210.20

Muslim12.3414.8619.6323.1926.20

Neoreligious0.372.121.711.551.41

Nonreligious0.1914.4012.5210.258.81

Other0.000.000.000.000.00

Shintoist0.410.110.050.030.03

Sikh0.180.290.390.410.40

Spiritualist0.020.120.200.220.23

Taoist0.020.050.040.040.04

Zoroastrian0.010.010.040.050.06

(The following is taken from World Population Prospects)

Africa13.4817.0121.34

Asia60.4159.8157.48

-China20.8218.2315.34

-India16.8417.6517.55

Latin America8.618.818.63

Western Offshoots5.545.275.18

Europe11.828.957.20

-Western Europe2.992.402.04

World Population Share and World Wealth Share by Continent

(Source Maddison)

1500160017001820190019702000

Population

Middle East4.063.853.452.412.813.89

China23.4928.7722.8736.5725.5822.2120.82

India25.0924.2727.3420.0618.1914.6816.60

Japan3.513.334.472.982.822.832.09

Indonesia2.442.102.171.722.733.153.47

Latin America2.084.147.768.62

Eastern Europe and Russia6.956.777.518.7612.509.516.78

Western Offshoots0.640.410.291.085.536.575.54

Africa10.639.9510.127.137.039.8013.23

Western Europe13.0613.2713.5012.7714.949.566.44

Europe20.0120.0421.0121.5327.4519.0713.22

Other Asia

Christian20.6520.4521.3022.6037.1133.4027.39

Chinese/Japanese25.8330.6626.2037.7227.1223.9321.87

Hindu20.0719.4221.8716.0514.5611.7413.28

Muslim15.8815.2315.2712.119.7612.9415.69

Ethnoreligious7.446.967.084.994.926.869.26

GDP

Africa7.757.056.924.483.353.563.22

Asia64.9665.4461.8259.3928.2123.2637.70

- China24.8929.0022.3032.8811.054.6611.86

- India24.3622.4324.4416.028.643.415.27

Latin America2.941.141.712.163.648.288.38

Western Offshoots0.450.280.221.9417.5725.6224.96

Europe23.8926.0929.3332.0347.2239.2825.74

Christian27.2727.5131.2636.1368.4473.1859.08

Asian (non-Hindu)40.6043.0137.3743.3619.5819.8532.43

Hindu19.4917.9519.5512.826.912.734.22

Muslim7.206.606.964.552.731.752.02

Ethnoreligious5.424.944.843.142.352.492.26

15001600170018201900

Africa1923823349256923116166136

Asia161301216595229507412933556845

Latin America7288376363461502471810.3243230305

Western Offshoots112092083313499346868.712

Europe5931686355108891222729932056.200842019

World2483083309823712696953461973716

China618009600082800228600218074

India605007425090750111417170466

Africa7.74763600057.05446217626.9200498834.48136611133.3508366959

Asia64.960049615865.440114568261.816903646759.385255685728.2130255822

China0.248884450.29004598440.22301888930.328757194311.0489047056

India0.24364901650.2243324410.24443193480.16023245988.6368048899

Latin America2.93506451661.13691983251.70927279142.16065095653.6383311643

Western Offshoots0.45105272480.2779607350.22436562171.941335680417.574398343

Europe23.888074488126.090542688129.329408057232.031391566247.2234202308

1500160017001820182118221823182418251826182718281829183018311832183318341835183618371838183918401841184218431844184518461847184818491850185118521853185418551856185718581859186018611862186318641865186618671868186918701871187218731874187518761877187818791880188118821883188418851886188718881889189018911892189318941895189618971898189919001901190219031904190519061907190819091910191119121913191419151916191719181919192019211922192319241925192619271928192919301931193219331934193519361937193819391940194119421943194419451946194719481949195019511952195319541955195619571958195919601961196219631964196519661967196819691970197119721973197419751976197719781979198019811982198319841985198619871988198919901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003

Total 15 West Asian countries17800214002080025147302863895659846.7561521.86763172.0564791.62566481.61568271.45270184.40872229.62974361.3476563.47278824.93281083.11683392.21985716.01888101.14690553.66293033.13995535.4498038.143100731.38103500.477106466.55109598.399112917.865116336.339119898.558123525.291127329.724131349.299135631.116140226.384145125.658150115.947155225.105160476.751165855.509171230.454176254.661181338.754186488.35192135.816195398.831200689.309204588.792208420.786212929.416217538.911222215.667226816.271231375.772235982.686240655.187245344.317250076.83

China10300016000013800038100041200035800035898835997836097136196736296636396736497136597836698836800036918337036937156037275437395237515437635937756937878338000038197938396938596938797939000039198039397039597039798040000040224340449840676640904741134041364641596541829742064242300042766243237543714044195844682945175345673246176646685547200047367347535247703747872848042548212848383748555248727348900049264049630750000050263950529250795951064051333651604651877052150852426152702852981053260753541853824454108554394154681555748056891058139059531060865562146563740865323566600566707066033066577068233569835571518573540075455077451079602581831584110586203088194090035091639593068594345595616596900598123599386110002811023288103682510510401066790108403511016301118650113518511507801164970117844011918351204855121755012300751242700125270412640931275392

India11000013500016500020900023580025300025341725383425425325467225509125551225593325635425677725720025935926153626373226594626817927043027270027499027729827962628011028059428107928156528205228254028302928351828400928450028620028800028970029150029330029510029690029870030050030210030310030340030370030400030420030450030480030510030530030560030730031040031360031670031990032320032640032970033310033640034100034580035070035560036060036570037090037610038140038680039170039630040090040560041040041520034600035000035500035900036500037200037900038600039300040100040900041800042600043400044400045400046400047400048500049500050600051800052900054100055400056700058000059300060700062000063400064800066400067900069200070800072300073900075500077100078800080500082200083900085600087200089100090800092700094300095900097500099169110077021023590

Japan154001850027000310003200034437346483485935070352353543635713360183631536557368073711237414377663813838427386223886639251396884007740380406844100141350417754219642643431454362644103446624525545841463784682947227476914826048869495185021550941516725239653124538155443754886552535581856490572095793758686595226049061430623616324464203652056618967182680906923870171712787187972364729677400575029760057717876224771997811980155819718380585164864598765588754898159076691563923899329794092949439583296812978269888399790100825101961103172104345105697107188108707110162111573112775113872114913115890116807117648118455119270120035120754121492122091122613123108123537123946124329124668125014125341125645125956126246126494126700126892127066127214

Indonesia1070011700131001792722977289222946330060305553096231197313943174032035322933287633213333943381634162347903540235898363453666237579377923828838263387823947639936406204131642025427464327543810443524490145457459934653547085476424820648778493584993450517511085170552083523345302753723543675502055683563545703657727584295914059863605966149662400633146424665192661546713668131691457017571316724757331473565733327413275146762897765479043805258205283611851968680788456901249182193565952549708599028101009103031105093107197109343111532113765116044118368121282124271127338130485133713137026140425143912147490150657153894157204160588164047166976169959172999176094179248182223185259188359191524194755198025201350204390207429210875214303

Total Latin America217053179340399538226476465948671276832269545707667200173283745837592477135783777964180935822638353584788860568734688673900599146393228950759696798851100771102683104674106640108615110627112613114635116639118718120733122880125053127439129841132655135585138489141490144954148240151669155268159032165937.673170411174974.862179664.081184563.245189672.632194935.135200394.762206068.609211951.397218029.054224156.841230449.587236956.743243648.29250473.649257370.527264339.1271429.813278669.65286007.111293427.642300899.754308398.132315957.209323523.807331108.335338790.641346493.226354325.734362068.683370056.516378204.161386278.301394193.287402109.687410247.933418470.377426757.82435097.098443276.464451387.327459512.497467639.039475789.833483956.789492093.056500149.416508094.06515916.257523612.298531213.146538751.021546211.934

Eastern Europe and Russia304503765045350912220000000000000000000000000000011816100000000000000000001422290000000000000000000175627000000000195493000000000775840023572200000023027022937423025923223223584624037724510724956625369625741326058626344426530426690326892927102127379627779128261928739419597000000173900258661260609264027267207.592271389.941275669.677280041.134284511.77289331.195294087.527298652.754303350.012308144.817313033.802317909.97322399.541326642.706330605.766334225.595337633.087340885.393344285.907347370.127350398.676353639.952356932.408360130.397363487.93366890.439370239.664373563.724376723.935379808.667382776.634385700.378388706.136391781.561394858.955397974.464401048.439404005.169406573.844408405.301410614.116412600.974413959.483414291.302414134.141413732.323413171.456412691.309412297.866411915.979411566.783411261.367411017.921410867.57

Total Western Offshoots28002300175011231148391963126760366664608846880480484922150413515965277853954551355633357559590026043361892633666480966242676836912670559719927345474904763427777979215806508209083527849598639688043898139152293318952369706099031101061103140105375107211109058111401113674115255116688118196119520120409122278124728126521128666131121133158135046137032138836140417142118143331144336145270146242147289148280149233150436151707153003154480156167158256160168161955163807166964169931173029176458.069179666.664183024.59186272.69189819.041193394.611197026.982200936.13204540.804208164.885211670.784215357.241218807.367222127.674225410.307228453.888231351.129234132.181236709.76239292.957242290.196245499.9248286.6250841.2253386.2256071.4258621.55261274.4264035.7266918.35270105.813272974.947275784.585278402.807280908.392283494.233286181.205288927.648291767.625294842.864298304.231302264.593306337.342310339.744314107.963317858.254321619.831325459.033329239.215332994.075336601.11339838.414343032.623346232.958

Total Africa4661055320610807423690466110000124697227332.997232067.942237008.358242085.649247272.791252758.676258409.004264221.873270231.146276453.981282919.481289384.93295976.704303250.688310724.829318477.892326533.661334944.51343590.744352456.892361168.16370533.582380026.027390033.948400313.918410827.151422187.613433995.357446293.847459413.093472721.011486060.178500252.973515235.275530353.381545741.952561279.788577158.14593250.13609817.718626813.762644888.75662409.76679567.258696272.645713856.21730822.032748865.202766841.612785234.574803310.514821088.313838720.286856260.618

Total 29 Western Europe572687377881460133040134336135632136933138231139544140782141975143157144312145455145520147572148630149616150875152040153242154457155715156988158224159444160598161835163093164238164819165018165525166194166869167816168689169595170493171425172410173494174642175862177125178389179735181073182378183441184530185373186844187504187816188712190046191492192963194700196449198022199779201221202532203865205172206686208141209643211085212551214110215597217031218554220043221799223515225436227546229659231710233645235665237886240037242197244238246505248653250920253174255394257730259376260975263255263637263637263058261531256661258081260241262045264259266353268182270106271747273430275012276916278776280361281907283520285164285763288395290338292510293568293555294848295067295377294285293928297304300828303393304939.814307024.148308753.864310695.737312606.975314605.32316758.395318986.903321318.26323824.192326345.579329114.513332342.11335251.16338111.388340884.494343440.468345628.27347632.755349945.968352239.727354702.298356844.578358825.47360465.978361743.202362751.701363849.848364948.893366096.231367456.615368646.806369370.691369920.254370509.088371161.614372001.176372887.113374092.368375950.324377856.077379687.661381579.986383334.354384718.683385935.669387062.96388065.182388976.584389945.367391036.494392100.861393060.995393956.558

World43842855614860349010418341271915156362217913232524323.7562568249.0522614870.5952663169.9412714270.9892766471.0152819944.1212877404.6882936685.7792993256.2913038794.5683079333.0953132691.0733197873.8213262592.2333328881.8493397631.2293466463.3613537493.1993609890.9573685057.6783763468.3123840163.5783916488.5653991959.9114065407.8734136432.7664208701.6724281749.1554359006.2264435598.1344510103.6744582122.4784670287.6034749939.2464830812.7664913456.9484998776.1185084973.9655171872.9185259502.2465344837.9185428900.065513142.6195594004.8075677286.8895756226.1065835854.8685914929.6735997966.8296071144.1076149005.348

Total 15 West Asian countries4.05995967413.84789660313.44661883382.413724259300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002.38113395940000000000000000000000000000000000000000002.1747055110000000000000000000000000000000000002.3708032642.39547901142.41587672142.43287610012.44933594582.46781736122.48885811172.51023532772.53215173832.5578655672.59395395892.63313884852.66199944572.68040650752.70034192782.72024259522.73817647442.75599162752.77140159672.79042722342.80865283652.82894769332.85400339792.88314042352.91426621492.94923810222.98627580793.02539200743.06765516253.11151461983.16138612573.21778984453.27612253323.32367336223.37850112793.43328373583.4849283473.52595629093.56616877983.60581849083.6531178623.65584202923.69668453613.71092870513.7257884683.75054881253.77919329433.80776547783.83464019933.85757004993.88695576723.913725446300

China23.493025080528.769320396722.866990339536.5701253751000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000028.14653494930000000000000000000000000000025.581630342900000000000024.403192500700000000000000000000000000000000000021.661841065421.706617571421.756717180921.830751055321.932592670822.001134177822.038202649922.152184663422.243952848922.250182919621.951796512521.443928916721.252334956921.337145809821.404912110621.484241028721.644491424621.767141937521.894317711222.051220091722.20630122.349198406122.447741677922.518641006222.554084211122.541280693822.499700893222.416770622622.331177408722.2299521922.121819208122.036322706521.830079942321.91059923921.828173926121.757001376621.711597583721.68600822321.664417705621.62949511221.583506326421.530680960921.458674632521.375104571721.305576972521.222373002421.151879331721.077888806721.009548189120.885477291120.821330835220.741435855400

India25.089638435524.274114084727.340966710320.0607774367000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000019.89126631890000000000000000000000000000018.194934581400000000000016.953949678500000000000000000000000000000000000014.221630610814.212017316514.22632541414.231160924614.221129782714.20582387714.220139931614.214198013414.233732563114.231992137814.281978932414.418706463514.492332292614.509640654114.52832490714.569456712514.568973694814.597009900414.643137692714.654182253714.680909968614.720464052614.764996034214.809184052914.854858596314.930851195314.98876048715.064028040215.134001935715.232829814315.307969285915.343328003515.451354768415.480845323915.558093729815.628840043515.691599787315.763858620615.830956176815.893661987315.952079888116.015452912416.062185532316.161381295116.231662848516.3282218816.382261270416.432896665416.483712468316.533786002416.598222381816.646432098700

Japan3.5125493813.32645267094.47397637082.975522012100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002.7074922459000000000000000000000000000002.82056660750000000000002.88457190580000000000000000000000000000000000003.31989903443.31603354183.30643513163.29137839273.26990195013.24655488943.21871626193.18213841743.14602946833.11690650353.09635935883.083232543.05909512833.02738648922.99841331722.97045688272.93704623232.9085840382.8822952942.85803646782.8315703342.80849979962.79123526442.77562408762.75959685112.74444787552.72638300632.70563249372.68378636492.65863350482.63339906982.60854314012.58515569082.55380417952.52708495382.49966218622.47263792652.44241784622.41128078222.38033690992.34883443762.31898519472.2901324142.26128741112.23478535172.20776230712.18276693252.15831275542.13436180952.10894797532.08692130792.06361830600

Indonesia2.44053755692.1037565542.1707070541.720715584200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002.2738940888000000000000000000000000000002.73378092660000000000002.78754864420000000000000000000000000000000000003.13125445233.13540464223.13789906693.13952927723.13881702843.13782430863.13679974513.13212807283.1266879373.12585996333.13459820563.15279305633.16111604023.15862994153.15794903693.15700600883.15505105693.15430998723.1528541183.15148023463.149041623.14518391513.15825088013.17302088183.1898616933.20964105143.23256795323.2557784013.27961762633.30148645223.32514343153.34043318933.35857456323.3660453783.38084324213.39584678493.39834055263.40001224283.40216097843.40484004143.40807916073.4093269583.41245920823.41654502733.42373677913.43042378883.44018800433.45022288173.45549332453.45832189333.47339803313.485165288900

Total Latin America0002.083345331400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003.1762342609000000000000000000000000000004.14192176880000000000004.51816897340000000000000000000000000000000000006.57354955386.63529885736.69153044656.7462492066.79973538936.85612214886.91273041726.96442745217.01704657937.08096388667.17485335457.2793957037.35628191967.40982153347.46793569657.52425770467.5749988647.62561355697.67294232757.71961406377.76126552127.79673475837.83559730957.87435292827.9148392287.95796675538.00468311068.04976611328.09232893988.12858976638.16279275228.20505564288.25390772118.27097459168.29891218788.32385162668.34947649578.3714566758.39252713858.41275694328.42810675368.44529495428.46419149228.48225905478.50535259478.52443778988.54888336458.57028537068.59002706868.60151900988.

Documents

Was Malthus Right After All? Can We Achieve Sustainable Development? Prof. Jeffrey D. Sachs