Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Laura Bonzanigo & Cecilia Borgia, Università Ca’ Foscari & IAS-CSIC Water (in)security in Wadi Siham, Yemen: yes, but for whom?
Citation preview
1920s
1960s
1980s
1990s
1960-70s
2000s
Water redistribution in Wadi Siham
Jebe
l F
alaf
yla
Command area in 1960s (blue)
CONCLUSIONS:
�WSIP exacerbated not initiated water insecurity downstream ���� Interaction with receiving context and its actors shaped outcomes of WSIP�Heterogeneity of pre-existing knowledge systems must be considered for successful IMT and unitary models of governance (WUAs) � external interventions must build on emerging initiatives�Study of local social dynamics and institutional and agrarian developments is a precondition for proper management and maintenance of a flood-resistant modernised irrigation infrastructure�Water control and access entailed a strong political component: there are winners and losers
�Technically and hydrologically interconnectedness vs. operational and organisational discontinuity �need for an organisational model that creates communication and co-operation between the various organisational systems in the wadi
CONCLUSIONS:
�WSIP exacerbated not initiated water insecurity downstream ���� Interaction with receiving context and its actors shaped outcomes of WSIP�Heterogeneity of pre-existing knowledge systems must be considered for successful IMT and unitary models of governance (WUAs) � external interventions must build on emerging initiatives�Study of local social dynamics and institutional and agrarian developments is a precondition for proper management and maintenance of a flood-resistant modernised irrigation infrastructure�Water control and access entailed a strong political component: there are winners and losers
�Technically and hydrologically interconnectedness vs. operational and organisational discontinuity �need for an organisational model that creates communication and co-operation between the various organisational systems in the wadi
1 1 UniversitUniversitàà CaCa’’ FoscariFoscari, , VeniceVenice, Italy; [email protected];, Italy; [email protected];22 IASIAS--CSIC, Cordoba, CSIC, Cordoba, SpainSpain; [email protected]; [email protected]
www.fluidinternational.orgwww.fluidinternational.org
Water Distribution for a 1-year return flood at completion of Khalifa Irrigation System (2010)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 30 60 9012
015
0180
210240
270300
330
hours
m3 /s
After
Waqir
Debashya
Khalifa
Barquqa
Present irrigatedarea
Past irrigated area
1800 ha
3700ha
3500ha
1000ha
2500ha
Water (in) security in Water (in) security in WadiWadi SihamSiham, Yemen: yes, but for whom? , Yemen: yes, but for whom?
Laura BonzanigoLaura Bonzanigo11 & Cecilia Borgia& Cecilia Borgia22
Social and agrarian changes through time and implications for water control
Jebe
l F
alaf
yla
First colonisation of upstream area’s right bank
Last wave of local
migrants
Jebel Falafyla
Post- independence irrigation infrastructure developments
CONTEXT: Wadi Siham, Tihama Plain, Yemen
1920s -1980planned agricultural policies and wider social transformations � rapid agrarian evolution
1993 -2000Wadi Siham Irrigation Project (WSIP): permanenthydraulic works to substitute existing temporal spate irrigation structures ���� irrigation modernisation, IMT and WUAs
2000 >>>water developments in the catchment due toagricultural and urban expansion upstrteam of the research area������������ Closing basin
CONTEXT: Wadi Siham, Tihama Plain, Yemen
1920s -1980planned agricultural policies and wider social transformations � rapid agrarian evolution
1993 -2000Wadi Siham Irrigation Project (WSIP): permanenthydraulic works to substitute existing temporal spate irrigation structures ���� irrigation modernisation, IMT and WUAs
2000 >>>water developments in the catchment due toagricultural and urban expansion upstrteam of the research area������������ Closing basin
Water distribution for a 1-year return flood (1950s)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 30 60 90120
150
180
210 240 270300
330
hours
m3 /s
After
Waqir
Debashya
Khalifa
Barquqa
880 ha50ha
6000 ha Irrigatedarea
OBJECTIVES :
�To trace dynamics of water control and spate irrigation technologies through time and space and forces at play�To highlight implications of WSIP on water distribution and access and interaction with the receiving context� Give recommendations to TGH for intervention in irrigation management
OBJECTIVES :
�To trace dynamics of water control and spate irrigation technologies through time and space and forces at play�To highlight implications of WSIP on water distribution and access and interaction with the receiving context� Give recommendations to TGH for intervention in irrigation management
PROBLEMs :�“abundance” upstream and scarcity downstream�scant information about processes and causes �Impact of WSIP on water distribution and access?
PROBLEMs :�“abundance” upstream and scarcity downstream�scant information about processes and causes �Impact of WSIP on water distribution and access?
METHODS & TOOLS:�political ecology frame�applied research�methods from PRA�wadi scale
METHODS & TOOLS:�political ecology frame�applied research�methods from PRA�wadi scale
The tradition of “following the water ” has not halted yet.One day perhaps not too faraway, the bountiful farms of what are now the “lucky upstreamers” in the wadi, may join the downstreamers’ queue for water.
The tradition of “following the water ” has not halted yet.One day perhaps not too faraway, the bountiful farms of what are now the “lucky upstreamers” in the wadi, may join the downstreamers’ queue for water.
?next?
