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EXAMINATION REFORMS A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Kothari Commission 1966
Hunter C om m iss ion 1882
S ad le r C o m m iss io n 1917
Hartog C om m iss ion 1929
Sargeant P lan 1944
M udalia r C om m iss ion 1952 ,53
Natio n a l P o licy o n
E d u ca tio n 1979
Rev iew 1986
NC F 2000
NC F 2005
P osition P aper NC E RT 2006
Cen tral Board Of Secondary Education
In troduces Continuous Com prehensive Evaluation 2009
C lass X Board Exam Optional 2011
Traditional
Schooling
Enriching
Schooling
Empowering
Schooling
Teacher centered
Subjects and classes -
teacher directed
Sorting & ranking
individuals
Competency:
Memory
Competitive
Student centered
Self directed
Continuous assessment
Competency:
Critical thinking
Collaborative
Creative
Experience centered
Virtual authenticity
Multi literacies
Competency:
Risk taking
Ethical
Interactive
The focus has shifted to developing a deep learning environment.
There is a paradigm shift in the pedagogy and competencies from
‘controlling’ to ‘enriching’ to ‘empowering’ schools.
External Examinations
‘are largely inappropriate for the knowledge society of the 21st century and its
need for innovative problem solvers‘
Evaluation of Scholastic learning only on marks.
Ability of child not evaluated.
Limited Techniques of Evaluation do not identify learner’s
level of attainment.
Resulting in Pass/Fail.
Causing frustration
and humiliation .
WHY?
CONTINUOUS COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION
WHAT IS ‘CONTINUOUS’ AND
‘COMPREHENSIVE’ EVALUATION
Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) refers to a system of school-based evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students development.
CCE CONTINUOUS
GROWTH DEVELOPMENT
COMPREHENSIVE
SCHOLASTIC CO-SCHOLASTIC
SELF EVALUATION
FEEDBACK
CORRECTIVE MEASURES
DIAGNOSIS
RETESTING
REGULARITY
OBJECTIVES OF CCE
• To help develop cognitive, psychomotor and affective skills.
• To lay emphasis on thought process and de-emphasise memorization
• To make evaluation an integral part of teaching-learning process
• To use evaluation for improvement of students achievement and teaching – learning strategies on the basis of regular diagnosis followed by remedial instruction
• To use evaluation as a quality control devise to maintain desired standard of performance
• To determine social utility, desirability or effectiveness of a programme and take appropriate decisions about the learner, the process of learning and the learning environment
• To make the process of teaching and learning a learner-centered activity.
CCE
Scholastic Co-Scholastic Assessment Assessment
Duration of the term I - Term - April - September
II – Term - October - March
ASSESSMENT
FORMATIVE SUMMATIVE
For Learning - Of Learning
Pedagogy - Evaluation
Process - Product /
(performance)
CCE is a good balance of FA and SA
SCHOLASTIC - A
SUBJECTS SKILLS
SUMMATIVE
• Hindi
•English
•Social Science
•Science
•Mathematics
•Add. Subject
Analysis
Problem Solving
Use of I.T.
Correlation to real
life
Comprehension
Expression
Creativity
Data Handling
Oral
Listening, Writing
Questions
Examination
Short Answer
Very Short Answer
Essay
MCQ
Data Interpretation
Observation
Conversation
Project
Essay
Elocution
Question
Test
FORMATIVE
TOOLS &
TECHNIQUES
ADDITIONAL
SUBJECTS
• Foundation of
Information
Technology
•Home Science
•Painting
•Music
•Others
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Assessment
which is carried
throughout the
year by the
teacher
formally and
informally
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT (FA)
Will comprise of :
• Class work
• Homework
• Oral questions
• Quizzes
• Projects
• Assignments/Tests
• Unit Test
Summative assessment is carried out at the end of a course of learning. It measures or 'sums-up' how much a student has learned from the course. It is usually a graded test, i.e., it is marked according to a scale or set of grades
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
It is basically the pen to paper test conducted at end of each term
Term I - September
Term II - March
ASSESSMENT - DESIGN
April – July
July- Sept
Sept Oct –Dec
Dec- Mar
Mar
FA1 FA2 SA1 FA3 FA 4/
PSA
SA2
INCLUSIVE OF
OTBA
10% 10% 30% 10% 10% 30%
GRADING SCALE
FOR SCHOOL ASSESSMENT
Assessment areas:
Part 1 : Scholastic 9
Part 2 : Co-Scholastic Areas 5
Part 2 A: Life Skills 5
Part 2 B: Work Education 5
Part 2 C: Visual and Performing Arts 5
Part 2 D: Attitudes & Values 5
Part 3 : Co-Scholastic Activities
Part 3 A: Co-curricular Activities 5
Part 3 B: Health & Physical Education 5
GRADING SCALE
(Point)
GRADING SYSTEM
FOR SCHOLASTIC AREAS
Marking Range Grade Grade Point
90 – 100 A1 10
81 – 90 A2 9
71 – 80 B1 8
61 – 70 B2 7
51 – 60 C1 6
41 – 50 C2 5
33 – 40 D 4
21 – 32 E1 -----
20 and above E2 -----
(Grading on 9 point scale)
GRADING SYSTEM FOR CO-SCHOLASTIC AREAS (PART – 2) &
CO-SCHOLASTIC ACTIVITIES (PART – 3)
Grade Point
Range
Grade Grade Point
4.1 – 5.0 A 5
3.1 – 4.0 B 4
2.1 – 3.0 C 3
1.1 – 2.0 D 2
0.1 – 1.0 E 1
(Grading on 5 point scale)
GRADING SYSTEM
Minimize misclassification of students on the
basis of marks.
Eliminate unhealthy cut throat competition
among high achievers.
Reduce societal pressure and provide the
learner with more flexibility.
Lead to a better learning environment.
ADVANTAGES
CO-SCHOLASTIC AREAS
Social skills
Life skills
Thinking skills
Emotional skills
Values & Attitudes
Clubs
Literary &Creative skills
Aesthetic skills & Performing art
Health & Physical education
Part –I Academic Performance :
Scholastic Areas
H. Science Painting
Music Commerce
Addl. Language
So
cia
l S
kil
ls
Inte
rpe
rso
na
l
Co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
Em
pa
thy
Language - I Language - II
Mathematics
Social Science F. I.T.
Science
En
viro
nm
en
t
School Programmes
School Property
Co-Scholastic
Areas Environment
Students/Peers
Towards Teachers
Attitudes and Values
(3 POINT SCALE)
Emotional Skills
Social Skills
Co-Scholastic Areas (3 POINT SCALE)
Life Skills
(5 POINT SCALE)
Thinking Skills
1.Literary & Creative Skills
2.Scientific & ICT Skills
3.Visual & Performing Arts
4.Organisational & Leadership Skills
Health &
Physical Education (3 POINT SCALE)
1. Sports/Indigenous Sports
2. NCC/NSS
3. Scouting & Guiding
4. Swimming 5. Gymnastics 6. Yoga
7. First Aid 8. Gardening/Shramdaan
9.Work Experience
ACTIVITIES FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT - ENGLISH / II LANGUAGE
Listening comprehension
Conversation
Dialogue writing / oral
Debate
Oration
Recitation
PPT
Quiz
Grammar Practice with Picture
Pick & speak
Paragraph writing with relevant pictures
Story telling / writing
Reading test
Class magazine
Missing Letters / Proposition
MCQ
Collage
Role play
UNIT TEST
ACTIVITIES FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT - MATHS
Lab activity / Lab Record Paper cutting & pasting Domino cards for basic operation Quiz Buying & selling – class activity Peg board Prime & composite - Beads MCQ Model making PPT Collage Class work Home work Mental ability Class response Peer teaching Peer assignment Mind mapping
UNIT TEST
ACTIVITIES FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT - SCIENCE
Science talk Pick & speak Experimental work Group work Quiz Class response Model making PPT Lab activity Collecting pictures relevant to the topic Drawing of the diagram Mind mapping Scrap book activity Role play Chart making Collage making Compare & contrast UNIT TEST
ACTIVITIES FOR FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT - SOCIAL STUDIES
Compare & contrast Model making Role play / skit Open book test Peer teaching Collecting pictures related to the topic PPT Field trip – report Seminar Quiz Map work Map recognition Collage work Mock parliament UNIT TEST
WHAT SHOULD BE ASSESSED?
SKILL
BEHAVIOUR
MOTIVATION
APPLICATION
RETENTION
SUBJECT
AREAS
SOCIAL – ENVIRONMENT
ISSUES INTERESTS
ATTITUDES
RESPONSE
SCHOOL
INTELLECTUAL
PHYSICAL
SOCIO-EMOTIONAL
HEALTH
LIFE SKILLS
VALUES
CREATIVITY
AESTHETICS
CLUBS YOGA
FIRST AID
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Informs teacher where the
need/problem lies.
Focus on problem area.
Helps teacher give specific
feedback
Provide relevant support
Plan the next step
For the Teacher For the Student
Helps student identify the problem areas
Provides feedback and support.
Helps to improve performance
Provides opportunity to improve performance
Remedial
Diagnostic
TEACHERS SHOULD KEEP IN MIND
Use a variety of tools (oral, projects, presentations) .
Understand different learning styles and abilities.
Share the assessment criteria with the students.
Allow peer and self assessment.
Give an opportunity to the student to improve.
A SUCCESSFUL FORMATIVE
ASSESSMENT SCHEME
Plan all assessment
Focus on formative assessment
Share learning outcomes and assessment expectations with students
Use clearly defined criteria
Use examples and exemplars
Overall performance of the candidate is based on the achievement in the Scholastic
Areas as well as Co-Scholastic Areas and Co-Curricular Activities as follows:
Under Scholastic Areas, Grades have been upgraded to the next higher grade in one
or two subjects as per the total Grade Points achieved under Co-Scholastic Areas 2(A),
2(B), 2(C), 2(D) and Co-Curricular Activities 3(A), 3(B) as given below:
53 to 65 : Grades in two subjects of Scholastic area are upgraded.
40 to 52 : Grade in one subject of Scholastic area is upgraded.
39 and below : No up-gradation of Grades in subjects of Scholastic areas.
Up-gradation has been done from lower Grade to higher Grade. However, Grade E2
is not to be upgraded.
No Grade in the subjects of Scholastic area has been upgraded twice.
The upgraded Grade has been shown with ‘**’.
If mandatory 25% marks have NOT been obtained in the Summative Assessments in
the subject, Grade E1 or E2 NOT to be upgraded.
UPGRADATION OF GRADES
School based evaluation provides opportunities to
teachers to know the following about their
learners:
What they learn?
How they learn?
What type of difficulties / limitations they face in
working in tandem?
What do the children think?
What do the children feel?
What are their interests and dispositions?
THERE ARE FOUR ASSESSMENT PARADIGMS
ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING
The ‘assessment of learning’ is defined as a process
whereby someone attempts to describe and quantify
the knowledge, attitudes or skills possessed by
another. Teacher direction is paramount and the
student has little Involvement in the design or
implementation of the assessment process in these
circumstances.
Teacher designs learning
Teacher collects evidence
Teacher judges what has been learnt (and what has
not been learnt)
ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING
The ‘assessment for learning’ involves increased
level of student autonomy, but not without teacher
guidance and collaboration. The assessment for
learning is sometimes seen as being akin to
‘formative assessment’. There is more emphasis
towards giving useful advice to the student and less
emphasis on giving marks and the grading function.
Teacher designs learning
Teacher designs assessment with feedback to student
Teacher judges what has been learnt (student
develops insight into what has not)
ASSESSMENT AS LEARNING
The ‘assessment as learning’ is perhaps more
connected with diagnostic assessment and can be
constructed with more of an emphasis on peer
learning. Assessment as learning generates
opportunities for self assessment and peer
assessment. Students take on increased
responsibility to generate quality information about
their learning and that of others.
Teacher and student co-construct learning Teacher
and student co-construct assessment Teacher and
student co-construct learning progress map
ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING
The ‘assessment in learning’ places the
question at the centre of teaching and learning.
It deflects the teaching from its focus on a
‘correct answer’ to a focus on ‘a fertile
question’. Through enquiry, students engage in
processes that generates feedback about their
learning, which come from multiple sources
and activities. It contributes to the construction
of other learning activities, line of enquiry and
the generation of other questions.
ASSESSMENT IN LEARNING
Student as the centre of learning
Student monitors, assesses and reflects on learning
Student initiates demonstration of learning (to self
and others)
Teacher as a coach and a mentor
Teachers and students need to understand the
purpose of each assessment strategy.
The overall assessment ‘package’ being used by
learners and teachers should accurately capture,
generate and use meaningful learning information
to generate deep learning and understanding.