Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

Ch 12Ch 12

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny= term created in 1800’s, meant = term created in 1800’s, meant

U.S. destined to possess all U.S. destined to possess all territory from Atlantic to Pacific.territory from Atlantic to Pacific.= we used this idea that it was our = we used this idea that it was our “destiny” to justify buying, fighting, “destiny” to justify buying, fighting,

or taking the remainder of the or taking the remainder of the territory west of Lou territory.territory west of Lou territory.

Annex = assume political control

Cede or cession = surrender or give up by treaty

Manifest Destiny

Oregon CountryNew Mexico & CaliMexican Cession

Texas Annexation

Oregon CountryOregon Country

Consists of :

- Oregon

- Washington

- Idaho

- Parts Wyoming & Montana

Oregon CountryOregon Country

• 1800 – Br, Sp, Russia, & US all claiming Oregon• 1818 Joint occupation – Br & US (Russia and

Spain no longer claiming Oregon)• 1844 – “Fifty Four Forty or Fight” was James

Polk’s Presidential campaign slogan – either we get boundary of 54-40 in Oregon or war.

• 1846 – BR and US agree to N. boundary of 49 degrees (see pg 361)

Mountain men

a. First Americans in Oregon

b. fur traders

c. Lived in Rocky Mtns

Texas AnnexationTexas Annexation

1823-25

• Mexico offered colonist large tracts of land. Cheap price & no taxes for 4 years

• Colonists in return = convert to Catholicism, learn Spanish, obey Mex. Law

TexasTexas

- 1830 Amer colonists out-numbered Mex colonists in Tx

- Also Amer colonists did not adopt Mex ways

- Result – Mex govt stopped all immigration from US

- Also, Mex tax = discouraged trade between TX and US

TexasTexas

1836 – Battle of Alamo

- Between TX and Mexico

- Mexico won

- Death of Davy Crocket

Texas Texas

• Texas continues fighting for independence• 1836 Tex Indep. recongnized. TX only

state that was its own country.• TX askes US to annex/take control of TX• Pres Andrew Jackson refuses because TX

is a slave state and it would upset balance of free/slave states in Congress

• Pres Polk finally annexes TX in 1845 and it becomes part of U.S.

New Mexico & CaliforniaNew Mexico & CaliforniaMexican CessionMexican Cession

1800’s New Mexico Territory consisted of:

a. New Mex,

b. Arizona,

c. Nevada

d. parts of Colorado and Utah

New Mex & CalifNew Mex & Calif

- Originally Mexico colony of Spain

- Spain’s plan to colonize Cali consisted of a mission system

- Mission system = spread Christianity to Native Americans

- Mexico abolished the mission system

New Mex & CaliNew Mex & Cali

Why want California area?

- scenry

- Climate

- Resources

- Better to have Pacific ocean as a border, instead of a foreign power

- Polk offered to buy Cali and NM from Mexico (Answer: NO!)

Cali & New MexCali & New Mex

• US picked fight with Mexico• US built fort along disputed

Mexico/American border• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1848 (Polk)

a. Mexico gave up claim to Texasb. Rio Grande – borderc. Mexican cession = M. gave up Cali and

New Mexico