What Brings the Colonies Together??

Shared ideas, and a common enemy

Great Awakening - French and Indian War

The Great Awakening

• In the 1730’s -1740’s, a religious movement called the Great Awakening spread through the colonies – Spread by traveling

ministers

Jonathan Edwards

• The focus was on an inner religious emotion rather than outward religious behavior

• Encouraged equality and the right to challenge authority

• Colonial culture had changed

• Congregations argued over religious practices -often split

• Church membership overall grew

• Princeton and Brown were founded to train new ministers

• Colonists were inspired to help one another

• George Whitefield– Raised money to build an

orphanage

• Jonathan Edwards– Terrified listeners with

talk of the wrath of God, but promised salvation

• Some ministers taught religion and reading to N.A.’s and A.A.’s

The Enlightenment• The Enlightenment

was a movement that emphasized reason and science as the paths to knowledge

• This intellectual movement appealed mostly to the wealthy and educated

• Benjamin Franklin– 1706-1790

• At the age of 42 Franklin retired from business and devoted his life to science and public service– Invented things like

lightning rod, stove and bifocals

English Government

• Parliament: England’s chief governing body– Model for colonial

representative government

• Salutary Neglect: Britain’s hands-off policy towards the colonists – too far away to bother enforcing laws

Colonists Unite• Colonies were each like

their own separate country, with own money, taxation, and laws

• Albany Plan of Union: Proposed by Franklin– 1st attempt to unite the

colonists– Each colony would send

reps. to the Grand Council to determine colonial affairs

North America in North America in 17501750

North America in North America in 17501750

French & Indian War: Main Cause

• France and England competing for control of North America

A British wanted more land for settlers (1 million compared to 80,000 French)

A Also wanted control of fur trade (French dominated, British wanted to increase) – Natives preferred the French

Britain has claimed Britain has claimed all territory in all territory in America – east America – east coast to westcoast to west

French had claimed French had claimed all territory from all territory from Appalachian Appalachian Mountains to Rocky Mountains to Rocky Mountains in 1682 Mountains in 1682 (LaSalle)(LaSalle)

Why the Tension?Why the Tension?Why the Tension?Why the Tension?

The Ohio River Valley• The French

destroyed the British trading village of Pickawillany and built forts to along the river valley to link their Canadian and Louisiana settlements

Fort Necessity

• George Washington– Leader of small group

of soldiers sent to tell the French to leave the Ohio River Valley – Ft. Duquesne (now Pittsburg)

– Starts the fighting when they fire on the French, though they end up retreating

– Builds Ft. Necessity close by to be ready to attack again

BritishBritish FrenchFrench

Fort Necessity Fort DuquesneFort Necessity Fort Duquesne ** George Washington George Washington ** Delaware & Delaware & ShawneeShawnee Indians Indians

The The Ohio ValleyOhio Valley

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

1754 1754 The First The First ClashClash

Gen. Edward Braddock Gen. Edward Braddock evict the evict the French from the OH Valley & Canada French from the OH Valley & Canada

(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)(Newfoundland & Nova Scotia)

A Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Attacks OH Valley, Mohawk Valley,Valley, & Acadia. Uses British tactics! & Acadia. Uses British tactics!

A Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne Killed 10 mi. from Ft. Duquesne by 1500 French and Indian by 1500 French and Indian forces.forces.Only Braddock Success Only Braddock Success expelled expelled

France from Louisiana. France from Louisiana. CAJUNSCAJUNS

1755 1755 Braddock Braddock Decides to Eliminate Decides to Eliminate the French Presence the French Presence

in North Americain North America

1755 1755 Braddock Braddock Decides to Eliminate Decides to Eliminate the French Presence the French Presence

in North Americain North America

Native American tribes Native American tribes exploited both sides! exploited both sides!

FrenchFrench BritishBritish

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

1756 1756 War Is War Is Formally Formally

Declared! Declared!

Iroquois?Iroquois?

William Pitt• William Pitt was Great Britain’s

Secretary of State – Initially he understood colonial

concerns – the British had forced supplies, shelter, food and manpower from the colonists

– Colonists resisted

• So he offered a compromise– Colonial Loyalty and Military

Cooperation– Colonial Assemblies would be

reimbursed for their costs• Raised colonial morale and attitudes

towards British – turned tides of war

BritishBritish

• March in formation or March in formation or bayonet charge. bayonet charge.

• Brit. officers wanted toBrit. officers wanted to take charge of colonials. take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna British Prima Donna British officers with servants officers with servants & tea settings. & tea settings.

• Drills & toughDrills & tough discipline. discipline.

• Colonists should payColonists should pay for their own defense. for their own defense.

• Indian-style Indian-style guerilla tactics tactics..

• Col. militias servedCol. militias served under own captains. under own captains.

• No military protocols No military protocols observed.observed.

• Resistance to risingResistance to rising taxes. taxes.

• Casual, Casual, non-professionals. non-professionals.

Methods ofMethods ofFighting:Fighting:

MilitaryMilitaryOrganization:Organization:

MilitaryMilitaryDiscipline:Discipline:

Finances:Finances:

Demeanor:Demeanor:

British-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial TensionsBritish-American British-American Colonial TensionsColonial Tensions

ColonialsColonials

France --> France --> lost her Canadian lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi to lands east of the Mississippi River.River.Spain -->Spain --> got all French lands west got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to Orleans, but lost Florida to England.England.England -->England --> got all French lands in got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance commercial dominance in India.in India.

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

1763 1763 Treaty of Treaty of ParisParis

North America in North America in 17631763

North America in North America in 17631763

Main Effects

• Treaty of Paris 1763– British Win

• Expansion of British territory

• Increased British debt• Colonists united for

the first time

Pontiac’s Rebellion

• British weren’t treating Native Americans fairly, so tribes started attacking British Forts – Pontiac’s Rebellion.

• British retaliated with force, and used underhanded tactics, like handing out smallpox infested blankets to Natives to crush their resistance.

Proclamation Line of 1763• When the British realize how

difficult it will be to keep up defenses in the West, so they issue the Proclamation of 1763, forbidding colonists to settle West of the Appalachians

• Colonists angry – feeling they fought for the right to settle the Ohio River Valley

• British upset that colonists don’t want to pay expenses for own defense

The ProjectThe ProjectComplete a Spider or Fishbone Diagram of Complete a Spider or Fishbone Diagram of the French and Indian War (minimum of 8 the French and Indian War (minimum of 8 legs or 8 bones)legs or 8 bones)

Include the following vocabulary terms:Include the following vocabulary terms:

•Charles de Charles de LangladeLanglade•George George WashingtonWashington•Battle at Ft. Battle at Ft. DuquesneDuquesne•Battle for QuebecBattle for Quebec•Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris

•Ft. NecessityFt. Necessity•Albany Plan of Albany Plan of UnionUnion•General BraddockGeneral Braddock•Proclamation of Proclamation of 17631763•William PittWilliam Pitt•WarraghiyageyWarraghiyagey•Pontiac’s Pontiac’s RebellionRebellion

For each bone/leg, must have at least 2 For each bone/leg, must have at least 2 details. Must be colored and creatively details. Must be colored and creatively done. Each bone/leg will include details of done. Each bone/leg will include details of significance of event and/or details of significance of event and/or details of persons involved.persons involved.

Ohio River Valley Conflict 1753

Fort Necessity July 1754

Albany Plan of Union 1754

Warraghiyagey

French & Indian War Fishbone Diagram

Battle at Ft. Duquesne 1755

Battle of Quebec 1759 Treaty of Paris 1763 Pontiac

Charles de Langlade destroys British trading post at

Pickawillany

George Washington is sent by Virginia to tell French to leave, leading to the first battle of the

war.

Built by George Washington after he failed to capture Ft.

Dusquesne.

Proposed by Benjamin Franklin to unite the American colonies.

Colonial legislatures refused, didn't want to lose control.

Built on low-ground so attack by French left them defenseless -

Washington was forced to leave.

Based on the Iriquois Confederacy.

Would have ability to tax, raise armies, make treaties & new

settlements.