World War I1914-1918

Causes of War Nationalism

Competitive rivalries among nations National unrest within some nations

Imperialism Competition for Colonies

Causes of War Continued… The Alliance System

Groups of nations organized to maintain the balance of power

Allies: Great Britain, France, Russia and US Central: Germany, Austrian-Hungry and the

Ottoman Empire

Militarism Military buildup

The Fighting Starts “The Powder Keg

Explodes” The Assassination of

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

The Schlieffen Plan Germany Plan of war Invade Belgium then

France Hold action against

Russia

Battle of Somme Started in July 1916 and ended in

November Practiced Trench warfare Over 1 million casualties for 7 miles of land

The U.S. enters the War Causes

Blockade of trade goods German unrestricted

submarine warfare Lusitania sunk by

German u-boat Zimmerman Note

German proposal for Mexico to keep U.S. out of war

American Power tips the Balance Selective Service Act

Required men to register with the government in order to be selected for military service

Convoy System System to combat German u-boats, use of

warships to protect merchant ships Conscientious Objector

A person who opposes warfare on moral ground

America Mobilizes America Unready for

War Selective service draft African-Americans

segregated Women held non

combat positions; nurses

America Mobilizes Continued… Congress gives power to Wilson

Increased government control Could regulate pricings Nationalized certain industries, shipping

War Economy War Industries Board

Increased productivity

America Mobilizes Continued… National War Labor Board

8hr work day Safety inspections Enforced child labor ban

Selling the War Taxes and Bonds

Progressive income tax Patriotism

“War to end all Wars”

New Hazards Weapons

Machine guns Airplanes Tanks Poison gas

Gas Masks of WWI

New Hazards Continued … Physical effects

“Shell Shock” Psychological trauma which caused mental

breakdowns Trench Foot

Infection of the foot caused by wet, cold and unsanitary conditions

The War Ends The Collapse of Germany

Mutiny among German troops November 9th 1918, new German Republic

Established Austria-Hungry surrenders The war ends on the 11th hour on the 11th

day in the 11th month

Wartime Constitutional Issues Schenck v United States

Free speech could be restricted during wartime “a clear and Present danger” clause

The Espionage and Sedition Acts Acts to punish those who opposed the war Violated 1st amendment

The Red Scare Provoked by Russian Communist Revolution

Social Changes African Americans

Great Migration North Job opportunities Escape racial tension

Women Took over male jobs 1919 passage of 19th Amendment

Wilson Fights for Peace Treaty of Versailles

Created 9 new nations Barred Germany from maintaining an army Required Germany to pay reparations

Wilson Fights for Peace Continued…

Flaws of the treaty War-guilt clause; forced Germany to take

responsibility Germany could not pay reparations Russia lost more territory than Germany Ignored claims of colonized people for self-

determination

Wilson Fights for Peace Continued… Wilson's Fourteen

Points No more secret treaties Freedom of Seas Arms reduction Lower tariffs Rethink colonial policies

Wilson Fights for Peace Continued …

League of Nations International organization to address crisis Provided a forum to discuss and settle problems

US Government will oppose entry into the League

Legacy of the War US military stronger Federal Government strengthen Accelerated social change Europe experienced damaged social and

political systems

Propaganda of World War I

Propaganda continued….

Last known WWI veteran dies at 110 Born Florence

Beatrice Patterson in London in 1901, she joined Women's Royal Air Force in September at age of 17

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