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World War I
The first total war
Militarism
The policy of glorifying the military and keeping an army prepared for war
In order to be great, must have a powerful military that can mobilize quickly
Alliances
Growing rivalries caused countries to find alliances to keep the peace
Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-
Hungary, and Italy
Triple Entente Great Britain, France,
and Russia
Imperialism
When a stronger country dominates a weaker country politically, economically, or socially
Countries competed for colonies so mistrust and sense of rivalry grew
Nationalism
Deep devotion to one’s nation or country
Can be a unifying force for a country (ex: Sept. 11th) or can cause intense competition between nations as they seek to overpower each other
Shot Rings Throughout Europe
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Top 10 Weapons
1. Bayonets 2. Flamethrowers 3. Grenades 4. Machine guns 5. Pistols 6. Poison Gas 7. Rifles 8. Mortars
9. Airplane 10. Submarine (U-
boats)
Trench warfare
Life in the trenches
Millions of rats! (~900 offspring a year) Brown rats ate human remains Grew to the size of cats
Lice Leads to trench fever
Trench foot (fungal infection) Cold, wet, blood, urine, vomit, feces
Smell Rotting bodies, gas, feet, etc.
“No man’s land”
Trench foot
Effects of WW1 ALLIES WIN!!!
Every continent but Antarctica involved
“Total War” 8.5 million deaths (+21 million wounded) $338 billion
Women Factories, offices, shops, hospitals, etc.
Versailles Meeting
Big Four Woodrow Wilson (US), Georges Clemenceau
(France), David Lloyd George (GB), and Vittorio Orlando (Italy)
Fourteen Points- Proposed by Wilson Outlined a plan for peace Ended secret treaties, Allowed Free trade, Limited
Military Buildup League of Nations- organization that would
promote peace and solve global conflicts
Treaty of Versailles
Punished Germany entirely for the war They lost a lot of colonies Restrictions on military
strength Pay reparations to other
countries ($33 billion)
DIRECTLY LEADS TO WORLD WAR II