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Bioprocessing for Sustainable production of COLoured textiles
WP3 WP3 Synthesis of bioSynthesis of bio‐‐dyesdyes
BISCOLBISCOLECO/09/256112ECO/09/256112
Siena January 25th, 2013
The precursor of new biodyes produced by UNISIName of precursor Number of identification
of biodye
4,5‐diidrossibenzensulfonic acid 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
553
543
525
567
422
516
Wool and Cotton
MBTH + 5‐amino‐1‐naphthalensulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
MBTH + aniline‐2‐sulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
2,5‐DABS + 3‐aminobenzensulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
ABTS +4‐amino‐1‐naphthalensulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
MBTH + 6‐amino‐4‐hydroxynaphthalensulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
MBTH + 4‐amino‐5‐idrossinaftalen‐2,7‐disulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
3‐Methyl‐2‐benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate + Aniline hydrochloride
Wool and Cotton
phenylendiamine + aniline + 3‐aminobenzensulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
benzidine + N‐(1‐naphthyl)ethylenediamine Wool and Cotton
phenylendiamine + 5‐amino‐1‐naphthalenesulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
4‐nitro‐1‐naphthylamine + 4‐amino‐5‐hydroxynaphthalene‐2,7‐disulfonic acid Wool and Cotton
3‐Methyl‐2‐benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate + 4‐4'diaminostilbene
Wool and Cotton
Wool/Cotton
Biodyes for WOOL
We performed tests dyeing at 45°C and 90°C for the biodyes from 1 to 7
From the considerations on the upgrade of the dyestuff and from the considerations on the exhaustion of the bath we can say that:
‐ Biodye 1 DiscardedDiscarded; the dyestuff upgrade on fiber is low
‐ Biodye 3 DiscardedDiscarded; the resulting dyestuff is tenuous and remains a lot of dyestuff in the dye bath
Dyeing uptake on wool
The best biodyes are 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 on which were made dyeing uptake
Everyone has problems of dispersion add dispersant ACHILAN NEW and SULPHATE
Dyeing uptake at 40°C – 60°C – 80°C – 96°C
Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid
0.5 %2% ACHILAN NEW10% Sulphate 2 cc/L Formic acid
Dyeing uptake on woolConsiderations:
Biodye 2 DiscardedDiscarded; all the dyestuff upgrade only at high temperature (doesn’t upgrade until boiling temperature). This dyestuff is hardly samplable, so we can not consider it in the set of three dyestuff.
Biodye 4 GoodGood;; it upgrade in tone with the temperature. We can also dye at low temperature (80°C).
Biodye 5 GoodGood; it upgrade in tone with the temperature. We can also dye at low temperature (80°C).
Biodye 6 DiscardedDiscarded; it is very affected of the reducing power of the wool.
Biodye 7 GoodGood;; it upgrade in tone with the temperature. We can also dye at low temperature (80°C), has no problems of reduction.
Dye at low temperature (80°C)Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid Temperature and time
80°C, 40 minutes0,5% 2 g/L 80CF4 g/L Protective protein NP (antireduction)
2cc/L Aceticacid
As said before, the biodyes 4 ‐ 5 ‐ 7 give good dye also at low temperature (80°C)
Additional tests of dyeingWe've tried other dyeing varying some parameters of the previous recipe:
• Dyeing at 96°C:
we have dye at 96 ° C with biodyes 1,3 and 6 but the results have not been good.
Dyeing at 96°C Dyeing with Formic Acid
•Dyeing with Formic Acid:
we have dye with Formic Acid with the biodye 3,4 and 6 with Formic Acid worse performance than dyes with acetic acid.
Biodyes for WOOL
• Biodye 525 ‐ 516 Discarded.Discarded.
• Biodyes 543‐567‐422 GoodGood; containing sulfonic groups.
• Biodye 553 GoodGood; even if it doesn’t contain sulfonic groups.
Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid Temperature and time
5% 10% Sulphate 2cc/L Formic acid 96°C, 40 minutes
Biodyes for WOOL
Tests of dyeing with Acetic Acid the dyes with Formic Acid are better.
Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid Temperature and time
5% ‐ 1 g/L Acetic acid 96°C, 40 minutes
Dye at low temperature (80 and 85°C)Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid Temperature and time
0.5% 2 g/L 80CF 2 cc/L Formic acid 80°C, 40 minutes
0.5% 2 g/L 80CF 2 cc/L Formic acid 85°C, 40 minutes
Good even at low temperatures with addition of auxiliary 80CF (Aux 2)
Dyeing uptake of 567It upgrade in tone with the temperature may be mixed, obtaining more or less dark brown.
In the image: dyeing uptake and the exhaustion of the bath
Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid Temperature and time
0.2 % 0.5 g/L ACHILAN NEW 1 cc/L Formic acid 50, 60, 70, 80, 96°C and 96°C after 40 minutes
Set of three primary biodyes selected for WOOL
5: ABTS +4‐amino‐1‐naphthalensulfonic acid
7: MBTH + 4‐amino‐5‐idrossinaftalen‐2,7‐disulfonic acid
422: 4‐nitro‐1‐naphthylamine + 4‐amino‐5‐hydroxynaphthalene‐2,7‐disulfonic acid
Biodyes for COTTONWe tested all biodyes discussed for wool also for cotton
Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid Temperature and time
Formic acid 96°C, 40 minutes0.5 %1 g/L DEX SUPER1 g/L Sulphate2 g/L Carbonate
1
Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid Temperature and time
Formic acid 96°C, 40 minutes1.5 %
1 g/L DEX SUPER10 g/L Sulphate (+ 10 g/L
after 20’ at 96°C)2 g/L Carbonate
1 g/L PROTECAL300
2
Dyestuff content Auxiliary Acid Temperature and time
Formic acid 96°C, 40 minutes0.5 %
1 g/L DEX SUPER10 % Sulphate1 g/L Carbonate
2 g/L PROTECAL300
3
Biodyes for COTTON
1
Of all dyestuffs tested the one that deserves furtherstudy is the 553.
Study has just begun.
2 3 553 543 525 567 422 516
Conclusion
Continue to work on dyes for cotton for:
‐ studying the red dyestuff found
‐ have the set of three primary dyestuffs for cotton
• Dyeing woollen items of clothing and fabrics with the set of primary dyestuffs.
Dyeing items of clothing and fabrics of WOOL
ACHIMO has the possibility to dye pullovers.
Dyestuff required: 300 grams
LANIFICIO LUIGI RICCERI can dyes ribbon, yarn and fabric.
Dyestuff required for laboratory scale dyes: 50 gramsDyestuff required for pilot scale dyes: 2 kilograms