Yogesh Seminar Wpt

8/6/2019 Yogesh Seminar Wpt

1/41

Wireless Power TransmissionWireless Power Transmission

Presented by

Yogesh Chand Singhal

A2326110023M Tech. ECE-weekend, Semester II

Amity School of Engineering & Technology

Amity University, Noida


2/41

OverviewOverview

y What is wireless power transmission(WPT)?

y Why is WPT?

y History of WPT

y Types of WPT

Techniques to transfer energy wirelessly

y Advantages and disadvantages

y

Applicationsy Conclusion

y References

5/31/2011 Wireless Power Transmission 2


3/41

What is WPT?What is WPT?

y The transmission of energy from one

place to another without using wires

y Conventional energy transfer is using

wires

y But, the wireless transmission is made

possible by using various technologies



4/41

Why not wires?Why not wires?

y As per studies, most electrical energy

transfer is through wires.

y Most of the energy loss is during

transmission

On an average, more than 30%

In India, it exceeds 40%



5/41

Why WPT?Why WPT?

yReliable

y

Efficienty Fast

y Low maintenance cost

y

Can be used for short-range orlong-range.



6/41

HistoryHistory

y Nikola Tesla in late 1890s

y Pioneer of induction techniques

y His vision for World Wireless Systemy The 187 feet tall tower to broadcast energy

y All people can have access to free energy

y

Due to shortage of funds, tower did notoperate



7/41

History (History (contdcontd))

y Tesla was able to transfer energy from

one coil to another coil

y He managed to light 200 lamps from a

distance of 40km

y The idea of Tesla is taken in to research

after 100 years by a team led by Marin

Soljai from MIT. The project is namedas WiTricity.



8/41

Energy CouplingEnergy Coupling

y The transfer of energy

Magnetic coupling

Inductive coupling

y Simplest Wireless Energy coupling is a

transformer



9/41

Types and Technologies of WPTTypes and Technologies of WPT

y Near-field techniques

Inductive Coupling

Resonant Inductive Coupling

Air Ionization

y Far-field techniques

Microwave Power Transmission (MPT)

LASER power transmission



10/41

Inductive couplingInductive coupling

y Primary and secondary coils are not

connected with wires.

y Energy transfer is due to Mutual

Induction



11/41

Inductive coupling (Inductive coupling (contdcontd))

y Transformer is also an example

y Energy transfer devices are usually air-cored

y Wireless Charging Pad(WCP),electricbrushes are some examples

y On a WCP, the devices are to be kept,battery will be automatically charged.



12/41

Inductive coupling(Inductive coupling(contdcontd))

y Electric brush also charges using inductive

coupling

y The charging pad (primary coil) and the

device(secondary coil) have to be kept

very near to each other

y It is preferred because it is comfortable.

y Less use of wires

y Shock proof



13/41

Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)

y Combination of inductive coupling andresonance

y Resonance makes two objects interact

very stronglyy Inductance induces current



14/41

How resonance in RIC?How resonance in RIC?

y Coil provides the inductance

y Capacitor is connected parallel to the coil

y Energy will be shifting back and forth

between magnetic field surrounding the

coil and electric field around the capacitor

y Radiation loss will be negligible



15/41

Block diagram of RICBlock diagram of RIC



16/41

An exampleAn example



17/41

WiTricityWiTricity

y Based on RIC

y Led by MITs Marin Soljai

y Energy transfer wirelessly for a distance

just more than 2m.

y Coils were in helical shape

y No capacitor was used

y Efficiency achieved was around 40%



18/41

WiTricity (WiTricity (contdcontd))



19/41

WiTricity Some statisticsWiTricity Some statistics

y Used frequencies are 1MHz

and 10MHz

y At 1Mhz, field strengths

were safe for human

y At 10MHz, Field strengths

were more than ICNIRP

standards



20/41

WiTricity nowWiTricity now

y No more helical coils

y Companies like Intel are also working on

devices that make use of RIC

y Researches for decreasing the field

strength

y Researches to increase the range



21/41

RIC vs. inductive couplingRIC vs. inductive coupling

y RIC is highly efficient

y RIC has much greater range than

inductive coupling

y RIC is directional when compared to

inductive coupling

y RIC can be one-to-many. But usually

inductive coupling is one-to-one

y Devices using RIC technique are highly

portable



22/41

Air IonizationAir Ionization

y Toughest technique undernear-field energy transfertechniques

y

Air ionizes only whenthere is a high field

y Needed field is 2.11MV/m

y Natural example:

Lighteningy Not feasible for practical

implementation



23/41

Advantages of nearAdvantages of near--field techniquesfield techniques

y No wires

y No e-waste

y Need for battery iseliminated

y Efficient energytransfer using RIC

y Harmless, if fieldstrengths under

safety levelsy Maintenance cost is

less



24/41

DisadvantagesDisadvantages

y Distance constraint

y Field strengths have to be under safety

levels

y Initial cost is high

y In RIC, tuning is difficult

y High frequency signals must be the supply

y Air ionization technique is not feasible



25/41

FarFar--field energy transferfield energy transfer

yRadiative

yNeeds line-of-sight

yLASER or microwaveyAims at high power transfer

y

Teslas tower was built for this



26/41

Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)

y Transfers high power from one place to

another. Two places being in line of sight

usually

y Steps:

Electrical energy to microwave energy

Capturing microwaves using rectenna

Microwave energy to electrical energy



27/41

MP T (MP T (contdcontd))

y AC can not be directly converted to

microwave energy

y AC is converted to DC first

y DC is converted to microwaves using

magnetron

y Transmitted waves are received at

rectenna which rectifies, gives DC as theoutput

y DC is converted back to AC



28/41

LASER transmissionLASER transmission

y LASER is highly directional, coherent

y Not dispersed for very long

y But, gets attenuated when it propagates

through atmosphere

y Simple receiver

Photovoltaic cell

y Cost-efficient



29/41

Solar Power Satellites (SPS)Solar Power Satellites (SPS)

y To provide energy to earths increasing

energy need

y To efficiently make use of renewable

energy i.e., solar energy

y SPS are placed in geostationary orbits



30/41

SPS (SPS (contdcontd))

y Solar energy is captured using photocells

y Each SPS may have 400 million photocells

y Transmitted to earth in the form of

microwaves/LASER

y Using rectenna/photovoltaic cell, the

energy is converted to electrical energy

y Efficiency exceeds 95% if microwave is

used.



31/41

RectennaRectenna

y Stands for rectifying antenna

y Consists of mesh of dipoles and diodes

y Converts microwave to its DC equivalent

y Usually multi-element phased array



32/41

Rectenna in USRectenna in US

y Rectenna in US receives 5000MW of

power from SPS

y It is about one and a half mile long



33/41

Other projectsOther projects

y Alaska21

y Grand Bassin

y Hawaii



34/41

LASER vs. MPTLASER vs. MPT

y When LASER is used, the antenna sizes

can be much smaller

y Microwaves can face interference (two

frequencies can be used for WPT are2.45GHz and 5.4GHz)

y LASER has high attenuation loss and also

it gets diffracted by atmospheric particleseasily



35/41

Advantages of farAdvantages of far--field energy transferfield energy transfer

y Efficient

y Easy

y Need for grids, substations etc are

eliminated

y Low maintenance cost

y More effective when the transmitting and

receiving points are along a line-of-sight

y Can reach the places which are remote



36/41

Disadvantages of farDisadvantages of far--field energyfield energy trasnfertrasnfer

y Radiative

y Needs line-of-sight

y Initial cost is high

y When LASERs are used, conversion is inefficient

Absorption loss is high

y

When microwaves are used, interference may arise

FRIED BIRD effect



37/41

ApplicationsApplications

y Near-field energy transfer

Electric automobile charging

x Static and moving

Consumer electronics Industrial purposes

x Harsh environment

y Far-field energy transfer

Solar Power Satellites Energy to remote areas

Can broadcast energy globally (in future)



38/41

ConclusionConclusion

y Transmission without wires- a reality

y Efficient

y Low maintenance cost. But, high initial cost

y Better than conventional wired transfer

y Energy crisis can be decreased

y Low loss

y

In near future, world will be completely wireless



39/41

ReferencesReferencesy S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham, Wireless

power transmission a next generation power transmissionsystem, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887) (Volume 1 No. 13)

y Peter Vaessen, Wireless Power Transmission, Leonardo Energy,September 2009

y C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee Yi Chow, WirelessPower Transmission and Charging Pad

y David Schneider, Electrons unplugged, IEEE Spectrum, May 2010

y Shahrzad Jalali Mazlouman, Alireza Mahanfar, Bozena Kaminska,Mid-range Wireless Energy Transfer Using Inductive Resonance forWireless Sensors

y Chunbo Zhu, Kai Liu, ChunlaiYu, Rui Ma, Hexiao Cheng, Simulationand Experimental Analysis on Wireless Energy Transfer Based onMagnetic Resonances, IEEE Vehicle Power and PropulsionConference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008



40/41

References(References(contdcontd))

y Andr Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D.Joannopoulos, Peter Fisher and Marin Soljai,Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly CoupledMagnetic Resonances, Science, June 2007

y T. R. Robinson, T. K. Yeoman and R. S. Dhillon,

Environmental impact of high power densitymicrowave beams on different atmospheric layers,

y White Paper on Solar Power Satellite (SPS) Systems,URSI, September 2006

y Richard M. Dickinson, and Jerry Grey, Lasers for

Wireless Power Transmissiony S.S. Ahmed, T.W. Yeong and H.B. Ahmad, Wireless

power transmission and its annexure to the gridsystem



41/41

THANK YOU!THANK YOU!


Documents

Yogesh Seminar Wpt