MiCOM P142Feeder Protection
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30 10 2011 SCHEDULE
9.00 10.00 INTROUDUCTION ON MICOM P142 SETTING
10.00 10.30 INTRODUCTION ON MICOM P543 SETTING
10.30 12.00 PRACTICAL EXERCISES ON MICOM 142 & P543 SETTING
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MiCOM P141 Feeder ProtectionDocument Version
AVersion Comment Author Date
First Version F. BROTTET 19/10/09B Schneider Electric Migration S. GASCO 04/11/10
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SYSTEM DATA
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General configuration menus
Generalities
4 setting groups
System Data
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System Data Settings
Choose between English, French, German and Spanish Selected language will bethe one displayed on LCD front panel
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System Data Settings
Feeder name (displayedon LCD front panel) Station name (displayed on LCD front panel)
Frequency : 50Hz or 60Hz
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CB CONTROL
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Disabled Local Remote Local + Remote Opto Opto+ Local Opto+ Remote Opto + Rem + Local
No manual control of the CB Open/Close commands can beissued only by protection functions(such as autoreclose, trip, )
Open/Close commands can beissued from front panel using HOT KEYS or via SYSTEM DATA menuCommands can also be issued fromrelay front communication port
Open/Close commands can be issued from rear communication port
Open/Close commands can be issued from opto inputs (one opto for open, one opto for close is required)
CB position contacts should be available on the relay (via opto) when CB control functionis enabled.
CB Control
!
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Minimum duration of close command sent to CB
Minimum duration of open command sent to CB
It may be necessary to match these values with CB manufacturing data to ensure safeoperation of the CB.
CB Control
!
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Time between local close command sent by operator and relay order sent to CB (to go out of the room for safety reasons)
CB Control
Waiting time to receive CB Healthy information given by CB. If relay does not receive thisinformation, no more command canbe issued and CB is locked in open position.
This function requires an opto input connected to relay CB Healthy internal data (via PSL Editor).
If not, CB Healthy will be set internally at 1, meaning CB always healthy.
!DDB #037
Opto Label 06DDB #230CB Healthy
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Operator action (front panel)
A successful manual close command
If CB is locked, choose lockout reset by :
At the end of this timer
CB Control
Specify which position contacts are wired to the relay opto : 52A for CB Closed position 52B for CB Open position
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DATE AND TIME
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View / modify date and time (relayfront panel ) When creating setting file, theseare default values
Date and Time
Enable / Disable IRIG-B synchronisation
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Reminder : MiCOM S1 Studio
1
2
1. Select relay from Studio Explorer2. Click on Supervise 3. Modify
3
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Battery Status
Date and time
When Alarm is disabled, lowbattery will not generate any alarm
In case of power supply failure, the battery will savethe date, time, events, disturbance & fault recorder. Settings/PSL are saved in EEPROM memory : no battery is required to save data even without power supply. Battery life time is 1 year if relay is not supplied or 10 years if relay is permanently supplied.
!
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Allow to set automatic time change (UTC, winter/summer time)
Date and time
Winter/Summer time changeovercan be setup accuratelyt
It is possible to set time shift between UTC and local
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CONFIGURATION
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Configuration
Restore default settings for whole file or setting group only Available only from front panel
4 Settings groups available (PSL included) Setting group change over via Menu or Opto
Enable / Disable protection functions
Enable one function make it visible in the setting group :
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Configuration
Display or hide general menus (not protecitonfunctions) Choose display type for settings values (primaryor secondary values)
Display or hide direct quick access usingHOTKEYS or FUNCTION KEYS Setup relay LCD contrast
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Select via Opto : Active setting group isselected automatically viaOpto1 and Opto2 (onlythese 2 optos).
Configuration
Opto 1
Opto 2Group 1
0
Opto 1
Opto 2Group 2
0
1
0
Opto 1
Opto 2Group 3
0
1
Opto 1
Opto 2Group 4
1
1
Select via Menu : Active setting group isselected by operator action (relay front panel or front/rear communication to PC). Notes : Opto 1 and 2 can be used for otherapplications
Notes : Opto inputs 1 and 2 must beset in the PSL Setting group change over can be modified only by theseoptos (not through front panel or communication).
Active setting group is selected via the parameter Active Settings
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It is possible to set up to 4 setting groups. Each setting group can have differentparameters/PSL
Configuration
It is advised to disable non-usedsetting groups
!
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CT AND VT RATIOS
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Main voltage transformer ratio (3 phases)
Current transformer ratio (3 phases)
CT and VT Ratios
Neutral current transfomer ratio used for Earth Fault 1 or REF protection function
Sensitive neutral currenttransformer ratio used for SEF or REF high impedance protection function
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RECORD CONTROL
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Allow to define which information will be stored in event memory
Allow to clear disturbance record memory Only from relay front panel
Record Control
Allow to prevent one protection signal to appear in the event list
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DISTURB RECORDER
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Configuration of disturbance record duration Selection of operating mode (single or extended)
Selection of Analog Channelssignals (current, voltage)
Disturbance Recorder
Selection of Digital Channelssignals (opto status, output status, start, trip) Selection of trigger for disturbancerecording
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Disturbance Recorder
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Disturbance Recorder
Trigger Mode Single : anothertrigger is ignored
Trigger Mode Extended : recordingtime is extended to take into accountsecond trigger
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Disturbance Recorder
For each digital channel, it is possible to chooseif it is a trigger for disurbance recording :
yes, on rising edge yes, on falling edge no, not a trigger
By default, digital channel linked to Output contact R3 (trip contact) is a trigger.
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MEASURET SETUP
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Measurement Setup
"Standby" display for relay front panel (after 15 min inactivity)
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Measurement Setup
IA5.62A
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Measurement Setup
Selected value will be the reference for phase angle calculation
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Measurement Setup
ui
ui
u
i
u
i
P
Q
Mode 1
P
Q
Mode 2
ui
ui
u
i
u
i
P
Q
Mode 3
ui
ui
u
i
u
i
P
Q
Mode 0
ui
ui
u
i
u
i
Direction of energy displayed on the relay depends on the selected mode
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Measurement Setup
Average values are calculatedduring this period Display is refreshed after eachperiod
Average values are calculatedduring the last x sub periods each sub period lasts y minutes Display is refreshed after each sub-period
For fault location function, select unit for distance and display type for the value.
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CB MONITOR SETUP
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CB Monitor Setup
Activation of a CB mainenance alarm if limit is reached :
Total broken currents Number of operations Operating time
Select 1 for broken current or 2 for broken squared current
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CB Monitor Setup
Activation of CB lockout (in open position) if the limit is reached :
Total broken currents Number of operations Operating time Number of operations in a definite time
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OPTO CONFIG
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Opto Configuration
It is mandatory to select supply voltage for opto:- same voltage for all inputs- customed for each input
In case no voltage is available, it ispossible to use 48VDC output voltage from the relay to supply opto inputs.
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Opto Configuration
150 176VDC220 / 250VDC
75 88VDC110 / 125VDC
32,4 38,4VDC48 / 54VDC
20,4 24VDC30 / 34VDC
16,2 19,2VDC24 / 27VDC
Undefined rangeVoltage range
Opto can be damaged if overvoltageoccurs (more than300VDC )
!
100%
0%
60%
80%1
Previous state*
0
* Schmitt Trigger
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Opto Configuration
Each opto input can be filtered. It allows a pre-filteringof half-period wich prevent opto from wiring noise. This filter provide safety but input may be to slow for application such as Intertripping. In this case, we candisable filtering.
1 = opto filtered response time = 10ms 0 = opto non filtered response time < 5ms
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SYSTEM CONFIG
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System Configuration
It is possible to block current functionswhen harmonic 2 is present (inrush current) Above the high set of current, blocking iscancelled
Select phase sequence (usefull in case phases wiring is reversed)
For each functionbased on current, it ispossible to select the threasholds blocked by 2nd harmonic detection :
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OVERCURRENT (50/51/67)
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Operating time for settings I>1 and I>2 can beswitched between : Definite Time (DT)OR Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE international curves)
Overcurrent (50/51/67) Elements I>1 and I>2
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Settings I>1 and I>2 can be set to :Non directional
ORDirectional Forward
ORDirectional Reverse
Overcurrent (50/51/67)Elements I>1 and I>2
Characteristic angle can be set between -95and +95 Angle is same for all elements Minimal polarising voltage is fixed at 0.5 V (synchronouspolarisation is enabled below this threashold)
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Set current threashold and associated timer (or TMS for inverse time curve)
Overcurrent (50/51/67)Elements I>1 and I>2
Phase selective
Any phase
Start
PSL :
It is possible to add a fixed timer(offset) to the inverse time curve
Phase selective
Any phase
Trip
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Timer before threasholdreinitialisation
Overcurrent (50/51/67) Elements I>1 and I>2
I>1
I>1
TIMER
TIMER
TRIP
TRIP
tRESET = 0
tRESET 0
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Elements I>3 and I>4 are onlydefinite time :
Overcurrent (50/51/67)Elements I>3 and I>4
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Overcurrent (50/51/67)
All threasholds may be individually blockedfollowing :
a VT error detected by VT Supervision function (used for direction determination) an inrush current detection (2nd harmonicmethod)
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Overcurrent (50/51/67)
Action of VT Supervision function for direction determination : ex. of directional forward element when lossof voltage occurs :
TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
Reverse Fault
TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
Forward Fault
VT Supervision Blocking
VT Supervision Indication
VT Supervision Disabled
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Overcurrent (50/51/67)Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonicdetection) :
Choose blocking for each element Choose blocking operating mode :
1PH detection blocks 1PHOR1PH detection blocks 3PH
1PH detection blocks 1PH1PH detection blocks 3PH
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Overcurrent (50/51/67)
For I>1 and/or I>2 elements, it is possible to reduce threashold when a voltage drop isdetected (function 51V) :for ex. to detect a remote fault
V1
Vrms
k.I>1
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NEG SEQ O/C (46)
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Operating time for settings I2>1 and I2>2 can beswitched between : Definite Time (DT)OR Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE international curves)
Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) Elements I2>1 and I2>2
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Settings I2>1 and I2>2 can be set to :Non directional
ORDirectional Forward
ORDirectional Reverse
Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) Elements I2>1 and I2>2
Characteristic angle can be set between -95and +95 Angle is same for all elements Minimum polarising voltage (Vi) can be set duringcommissioning : above negative sequence voltage in stable conditions
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Set current threashold and associated timer (or TMS for inverse time curve)
Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)Elements I2>1 and I2>2
It is possible to add a fixed timer(offset) to the inverse time curve
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Timer before threasholdreinitialisation
Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46) Elements I2>1 and I2>2
I2>1
I2>1
TIMER
TIMER
TRIP
TRIP
tRESET = 0
tRESET 0
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Elements I2>3 and I2>4 are onlydefinite time :
Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)Elements I2>3 and I2>4
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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)
All threasholds may be individually blockedfollowing :
a VT error detected by VT Supervision function (used for direction determination) an inrush current detection (2nd harmonicmethod)
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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)
Action of VT Supervision function for direction determination : ex. of directional forward element when lossof voltage occurs :
TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
Reverse Fault
TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
Forward Fault
VT Supervision Blocking
VT Supervision Indication
VT Supervision Disabled
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Negative Sequence Overcurrent (46)
Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonicdetection) :
Choose blocking for each element
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BROKEN CONDUCTOR (46BC)
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Define ratio of negative sequence current / positive sequence current and associated timer
Note : this function guarantees good operationeven with low level of load current (that is differentfrom function 46)
Broken conductor (46BC)
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EARTH FAULT PROTECTION (50N/51N/67N)
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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) 3 types of earth fault protection available
based on IN measurement
based on IN calculation
based on Sensitive IN measurement
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Operating time for settings IN>1 and IN>2 can beswitched between : Definite Time (DT)OR Inverse Time (IEC, IEEE international curves)
Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) Elements IN>1 and IN>2
Note : operation is same for EARTH FAULT 2 and SEF/REF in SEF mode functions
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Settings IN>1 and IN>2 can be set to :
Non directionalOR
Directional ForwardOR
Directional Reverse
Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) Elements IN>1 and IN>2
Characteristic angle can be set between -95and +95 Angle is same for all elements
Polarisation can be performed using : residual voltage (-3Vo) mandatory for SEF function : we can define minimum voltage for polarisation negative sequence elements : in this case, residual current provides starting and direction isdetermined by negative sequence voltage and current : we can define minimum values for theses elements
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Set current threashold and associated timer (or TMS for inverse time curve)
Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)Elements IN>1 and IN>2
It is possible to add a fixed timer(offset) to the inverse time curve
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Timer before threasholdreinitialisation
Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) Elements IN>1 and IN>2
IN>1
IN>1
TIMER
TIMER
TRIP
TRIP
tRESET = 0
tRESET 0
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Elements IN>3 and IN>4 are onlydefinite time :
Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)Elements IN>3 and IN>4
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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)
All threasholds may be individually blockedfollowing :
a VT error detected by VT Supervision function (used for direction determination) an inrush current detection (2nd harmonicmethod)
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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)
Action of VT Supervision function for direction determination : ex. of directional forward element when lossof voltage occurs :
TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
Reverse Fault
TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
NO TRIP
Forward Fault
VT Supervision Blocking
VT Supervision Indication
VT Supervision Disabled
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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N)
Action of inrush current blocking (2nd harmonicdetection) :
Choose blocking for each element
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SEF cos(PHI) / sin(PHI)
Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) SEF/REF Add-ons
For specific applications, it may be difficult to discriminate healthy from faulty feeder as the residualcurrent may be similar. We can use Icos characteristicas the faulty feeder will have a higher active component than the healthy.For isolated networks, we prefer using Isin
WattmetricIt is possible to add a power criteria from existingelements by choosing Wattmetric characteristic
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REF : Restricted Earth Fault
Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) SEF/REF Add-ons
For transformer protection it is advised to use instantaneous protection for earth fault at low voltage side. To ensure stability of the protection in case of external fault, we can use : High impedance method Low impedance method (bias characteristic)
Note : It is possible to use both low impedance REF and DTS/Wattmetric function whileusing high impedance REF is exclusive
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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) High impedance REF operating mode principle
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Earth Fault Protection (50N/51N/67N) Low impedance REF operating mode principle
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RESIDUAL O/V NVD (59N)
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Operating time for element VN>1 can beswitched between :Definite time (DT)
ORInverse time (IDMT) We can then set the threashold and associatedtimer/TMS
Residual overvoltage (59N)
Note : this function is based on calculated VN = VA+VB+VC
Second element VN>2 is only definite time We just need to set the threashold and associated timer
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Timer before threasholdreinitialisation
Residual overvoltage (59N) Element VN>1
TIMER
TIMER
TRIP
TRIP
tRESET = 0
tRESET 0
VN>1
VN>1
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THERMAL OVERLOAD (49)
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Thermal overload (49)
Note : Single characteristic (one time constant) isused to protect cables or dry transformers. Dual characteristic (two time constants) isused for oil insulated transformers with naturalair cooling
one time constant protects againstslow increase of oil temperature one time constant protects against fastincrease of windings temperature
We define full load current setting (maximum load) It is possible to set an alarm to warn operator of thermal state increase
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NEG SEQUENCE O/V
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Negative sequence overvoltage
For specific applications where the input voltage must be perfectly balanced (motorsupply), it is advised to use negativesequence overvoltage function Set the threashold and corresponding timer
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COLD LOAD PICKUP
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Cold Load Pickup
After closing the circuit breaker, it is possible to block phase & earth overcurrent elements, or to define new settings (generally increasethreasholds) during a fix timer. Blocking or new settings will be activatedduring tclp Time Delay after CB closure. Blocking or new settings will also beactivated after tcold Time Delay when CB isopen (load disconnected).
Note : It is possible to modify the 4 phase overcurrent elements and the first element of earth fault 1 & 2 functions.
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Cold Load Pickup
If element is set as Enable, the new settings will be applied when function Cold load pickupwill be activated.
Note : Elements will appear in Cold Load Pickup function only if they are enabled in the relevant PHASE OVERCURRENT & EARTH FAULT functions.
If element is set as Block, it will not beactive anymore when function Cold loadpickup will be activated.
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Cold Load Pickup
Cold Load Pickup function activation is linked to circuit breaker position. It is thus necessary to wire CB position on relay digital inputs. CB position is managed by two signals: 52A (CB CLOSED) & 52B (CB OPEN). If only one signal is available, the other one will automatically be calculated by the protection.
REMINDER : CB position should be defined bothin settings file & PSL file with coherence:
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Cold Load Pickup
52B
Functionactivation
52A
tclp tcold
Note : If CB position (52A or 52B) is not available, it is possible to activate the functionusing the signal CLP initiate . Behaviour will be the same as 52B signal (check abovediagram).
Activation of Cold Load Pickup function
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SELECTIVE LOGIC
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Selective logic
On specific logic input activation for example it is possible to modify timers of elements 3 & 4 for overcurrent functions(phase & earth)
Note : It is possible to modify elements 3 & 4 for OVERCURRENT, EARTH FAULT 1 & 2 and SENSITIVE EARTH FAULT (SEF).
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Selective logic
New timer settings will be applied as long as blocking signals will be active (PSL configuration):
Note : if Selective Logic function is disabled, signals such as I>3 Timer Block willcompletely block the corresponding element while if Selective Logic function is enabled, element is not blocked anymore but new timer settings will be applied.
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VOLT PROTECTION
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50 V50 V
No start of element V
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50 V50 V
No start of element V
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Voltage Protection
Operating mode:
Any phase : protection will start if faultappears on any of the three phases Three Phase : protection will start only if fault appears on the three phases
Note : measurement mode and operating mode are defined for each function UNDER VOLTAGE & OVERVOLTAGE. They will be applied for all elements of each function.
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Voltage Protection
Function definition
Settings for a definite time element: Level Timer
Settings for an inverse time curve element(available only for first element V1):Trev = K / (1 M)with :K = time multiplier setting TMSM = ratio measured voltage / voltage threashold
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Voltage Protection
Inhibition of Under Voltage protection when CB is open
It is possible to block undervoltage elements whenCB is open: just enable setting Poledead Inh
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FREQ PROTECTION
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Frequency Protection
Function definition
Setting definition: Threashold value Timer
Note : 4 elements available for UNDER FREQUENCY function and 2 elements for OVER FREQUENCY function.
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Frequency Protection
Inhibition of Under Frequency protection when CB is open
It is possible to block underfrequency elementswhen CB is open: just check box Poledead Blk for the required element:
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DF/DT PROTECTION
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df/dt protection
Function configuration
Element configuration : Threashold value (df/dt rate in Hz/s) Timer (for trip) Direction:
Negative for falling frequency conditions operation Positive for rising frequency conditions operation Both
Note : 4 elements available for DF/DT function
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df/dt protection
Rate of change of frequency calculation
Rate of change calculation on 6 cycles will befaster but less accurate than 12 cycles calculation.Maximum fault detection delay is:
t = 2 x M + 1 (in cycles)where M = df/dt Avg.Cycles
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CB FAIL & I
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Breaker failure
CB Fail elements are strictlyindependant
!
CB Fail stage 1 (re-trip) with correspondingtimer
CB Fail stage 2 (bad-trip) with correspondingtimer
Note : after protection trips, if CB is not open before the end of set timer, CB fail elementwill operate
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Breaker failure
CB Open
Bfail 1 activation
Trip
CB Fail 1 timer
CB Fail function operation
CB Open
Bfail 1 activation
Trip.
CB Fail 1 timer
No Breaker Failure
Breaker Failure
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Breaker failure
Acknowledge CB Fail when it has been started by a non current based protection: I< only : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set. CB Open & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND protection relay receivesexternal signal for CB open position (fromdigital input). Prot Reset & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND started elements has stopped (fault has disappeared)
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Breaker failure
Acknowledge CB Fail when it has been started by an external protection: I< only : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set. CB Open & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND protection relay receivesexternal signal for CB open position (fromdigital input). Prot Reset & I< : When currents drop below the settings I< Current Set & IN< Current Set AND started elements has stopped (fault has disappeared)
* Requires an opto input assigned to External Trip signal in PSL:
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Breaker failure
When CB fail acknowledge criteria I< is used, we definelevels of current under which current is considered has disappeared:I< Current Set and IN< Current Set for all functionsbased on current (except SEF) + protections non basedon current + external protectionsISEF< Current for Sensitive Earth Fault protection (SEF)
It can be interesting to block start signals for first elements I> and IN> when CB fail conditions occurs:when these signals are used to block anotherprotection, CB fail allow to stop blocking it so that it cantrip corresponding CB.
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SUPERVISION
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CT & VT Supervision
In case of VT failure, VTS can operate as: Indication = an alarm is raised Blocking = optional blocking of voltage dependant protection elements + optionalconversion of directional overcurrentelements to non-directional
After a VT failure detected by VTS, blockingsignal will be latched after the delay VTS Time Delay VTS Reset Mode: Acknowledgement of blocking can be manual (front panel or communication) or automatic after restorationof the 3 phase voltages (3 V > fix threashold 30V for Vn=100/120V)
Note : VTS operates when a residual voltage is detected without negative sequencecurrent. In case of loss of voltage on the 3 phases, other calculation will take place to detect VT failure.
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CT & VT Supervision
It is possible to disable VTS blocking if phase current (or negative seq. current) is above the threashold VTS I> Inhibit (or VTS I2> Inhibit). For example, in case of a close up threephases fault on line energisation, VTS functionshould not block tripping!
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CT & VT Supervision
CT Supervision activation
If a zero sequence current appears abovethe CTS IN> Set and the zero sequencevoltage is below the CTS VN< Inhibit, CTS function will operate. An alarm is raised on relay front panel afterCTS Time Delay
Note : CTS operates when a zero sequence current (calculated) appears when no zerosequence voltage is measured or calculated.When CTS function starts, protection functions based on calculated values (such as Broken Conductor, Earth Fault 2, Negative sequence overcurrent) are automaticallyblocked.Other functions can be blocked by customising the PSL using signals CTS Block -instantaneous or CT Fail Alarm - time delayed:
Schneider Electric 119- Energy Automation 09/2010
FAULT LOCATOR
Schneider Electric 120- Energy Automation 09/2010
Fault locator
Line length can be set in miles or km:
Line Impedance: positive sequence line impedance Line Angle: angle of positive sequenceimpedance kZN Residual: zero sequence line impedance kZn Res Angle: angle of zero sequenceimpedance
Note : distance to fault is displayed in the fault report. It can be displayed as a distance, as an impedance or as % of line length: