Biology 232 – Physiology & Anatomy 1
Additional Slides for Lecture Exam #3(With guided notes… be sure to look in the notes
sections for PowerPoint in this document… these will be very helpful!)
Wilder Penfield 1891 – 1976Physician and Neuroscientist who
mapped the brain in what became the “homunculus”
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Thumb
Figure 12.9: Motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex, p. 438.
GenitalsToes
Swallowing
Tongue
Jaw
Motor cortex(precentral gyrus)
Motor Sensory
Le
gLips
Face
NeckBrowEye
FingersH
andW
ristE
lbo
w
Arm
Sh
ou
lder
Tru
nk
Hip
Kn
ee
Hip
Tru
nk
Ne
ck
Hea
d
Arm
Elb
owFo
rear
mH
and
Fing
ers
Thum
b
Eye
Nose
Face
Lips
Teeth
Gums
Jaw
Tongue
Pharynx
Intra-abdominal
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 12.5: Ventricles of the brain, p. 434.
(b)(a)
Lateralventricle
Posteriorhorn
Thirdventricle
Cerebralaqueduct
Fourthventricle
Medianaperture
Anteriorhorn
Inter-ventricularforamenInferiorhorn
Lateralaperture Central
canal
Lateralventricle
SeptumpellucidumThirdventricle
Cerebralaqueduct
Left lateral viewAnterior view
Fourthventricle
Centralcanal
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 12.26: Formation, location, and circulation of CSF, p. 466.
Superiorsagittal sinus
Arachnoidvillus
Subarachnoid spaceArachnoid materMeningeal dura materPeriosteal dura materGreat cerebral vein
Tentorium cerebelliStraight sinusConfluence of sinuses
Cerebellum
Choroid plexusCerebral vesselsthat supplychoroid plexus
Central canalof spinal cordSpinal dura mater
Inferior end ofspinal cord
Filum terminale(inferior endof pia mater)
Superiorcerebral vein
Choroid plexusCerebrum coveredwith pia mater
Septumpellucidum
Corpuscallosum
Interventricularforamen
Third ventriclePituitary gland
Cerebral aqueduct
Lateral aperture
Fourth ventricleMedian aperture
(b)
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 12.31b: Anatomy of the spinal cord, p. 473.
(b)
Posterior funiculus
Posterior median sulcus
Central canal
Anterior medianfissure
Pia mater
Arachnoid
Spinal mater
Gray commissureDorsal (posterior) horn Gray
matterLateral hornVentral (anterior) hornAnterior funiculus
Lateral funiculus
Whitecolumns
Dorsal rootganglion
Dorsal root
Ventral root
Spinal nerve
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 13.12a: Dermatomes, p. 518.
(a)
C2C3
C4
C5T1
T2
T2T3T4T5
C6
C8C7 C7
C6
T6T7T8T9T10T11T12L1S2S3
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L2
L3
L4
L5
S1
C5
C6
C8
T2
C5
C6
S1
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 13.12b: Dermatomes, p. 518.
(b)
C2
C3C4C5C6C7C8
C8 C8C7 C7
T1T2T3T4T5T6T7T8T9T10
T11T12
L1L2 L3
S1
L5S2S1
S1
S3
S2 S1S2
S4S5
L5L5
L4L5L5
L4
C6 C6
C5
L4
L3
L2
L1
L4
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.2: Comparison of somatic and autonomic nervous systems, p. 534.
Somatic nervous system Skeletal muscle
Centralnervous system Peripheral nervous system Effector organs
Acetylcholine
Smoothmuscle(e.g., in gut)
Acetylcholine
Ganglion
Adrenal medulla
GlandsBloodvessel
Cardiacmuscle
Sympatheticdivision
Autonomicnervoussystem
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine andnorepinephrine
Ganglion
Para-sympathetic
division
= Preganglionic axons (sympathetic)
= Postganglionic axons (sympathetic)
= Myelination = Preganglionic axons (parasympathetic)
= Postganglionic axons (parasympathetic)
Key:
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.3: Overview of the subdivisions of the ANS, p. 536.
Salivaryglands
Eye
Skin*
Heart
Lungs
Liverand gall-bladder
Pancreas
Eye
Lungs
Bladder
Liver and gall-bladder
Pancreas
Stomach
Cervical
Sympatheticganglia
Cranial
Lumbar
Thoracic
Genitals
Heart
Salivaryglands
Stomach
Bladder
Adrenalgland
Parasympathetic Sympathetic
Sacral
Brain stem
L1
T1
Genitals
Marshall Hall 1790 – 1857English physiologist who first advanced the theory of how
the reflex arc worked.
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 13.14: The basic components of all human reflex arcs, p. 521.
Stimulus
Receptor
Skin
Sensory neuron
Spinal cord (in cross section)
Integration center
InterneuronMotor neuron
Effector
1
5
4
2 3
Sigmund Freud
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.1: Place of the ANS in the structural organization of the nervous system, p. 533.
CNS
Sensory division Motor division
PNS
Autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic division
Parasympatheticdivision
Somatic nervous system
Human Anatomy and Physiology, 7eby Elaine Marieb & Katja Hoehn
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc.,publishing as Benjamin Cummings.
Figure 14.8: Referred pain, p. 543.
Heart
Lungs anddiaphragm
Liver
Gallbladder
Stomach
Kidneys
Ovaries
Small intestine
Ureters
Urinarybladder
Colon
Pancreas
Liver
Heart
Appendix
Gallbladder