Biology: It Grows on You
What is Biology?
•Bio= LIFE-ology= THE STUDY OF•The study of life from the simplest life forms (bacteria) to the complex (animals and humans).
Branches of Biology
• Ecology- Interactions between living organisms
• Genetics- Inheritance of traits• Biochemistry- the study of the chemical
reactions required for life• Botany- Study of Plants• Zoology- Study of Animals
What makes something living?7 characteristics of life?
?
Cells
• Living organisms are organized/comprised of cells– Unicellular-Comprised of
one cell– Multicellular- Comprised of
multiple cells
Genetic Material
•All organisms contain DNA in the form of a double helix. DNA is inherited from both the mother and the father, unless you are unicellular!
Energy
•Energy is needed to carry out life processes. Energy is obtained through food.
Reproduction
• All living organisms reproduce– Asexual- Involves one
individual from a species
– Sexual- Involves two individuals from the SAME species
Growth and Development
• All living organisms grow and develop– Growth- Increase of size of
an organism– Development- The
changes an organism goes through in life
Adjusting• Homeostasis-Maintaining stable
internal conditions– Exothermic- Rely on outside
conditions to maintain homeostasis
– Endothermic- Rely on internal functions to maintain homeostasis
Stimulus and Response
• Stimulus- An action• Response- Result from a
stimulus
Are viruses living?
?
How we classify living things
• Aristotle- Descriptions– Not very clear, names became
too long• Carolus Linnaeus-
Relationships– Binomial Nomenclature- 2 part
naming system• Homo sapien• Genus species
Levels of classification
• Domain• Kingdom• Phylum• Class• Order• Family• Genus• Species
Come up with your own mnemonic!
• Dumb• Kids• Play• Chess• On• Fat• Guys• Stomachs
Bacteria- Not Viruses!• 2 Kingdoms:
Archaebacteria(old, near deep sea vents) and Eubacteria(common in the world)
• Primitive prokaryotic cells• Single Cellular• Heterotrophic- rely on
others for energy• Asexual reproduction• Streptacoccus
Protist• Kingdom Protista• Unicellular or
Multicellular• Eukaryotic cells• Autotrophic(make their
own energy) or Heterotrophic
• Asexual or sexual reproduction
• Commonly cause disease• Algae, Dinoflagellates,
zooplankton
Fungi• Kingdom Fungi• Unicellular or Multicellular• Prokaryotic• Heterotrophic• Decomposer- breaks down
other organisms• Sexual or Asexual
reproduction• Athletes foot, molds,
mushrooms
Plants• Kingdom Plantae• Multicellular• Autotrophic- Have
chloroplasts• Sexual or Asexual
Reproduction• Moss, ferns, trees, flowers
Animals• Kingdom Animalia• Multicellular• Heterotrophic• Sexual Reproduction• Coral, birds, star fish,
etc.
Dichotomous Key• A tool used to Identify organisms in the field
Step 1If fish shape is long and skinny then go to step 2 If fish shape is not long and skinny, then go to step 3
Step 5If fish has spots, then go to step 6If fish does not have spots, then go to step 7
Step 2If fish has pointed fins, it is a trumpet fishIf fish has smooth fins, it is a spotted moray eel
Step 6If fish has chin "whiskers," it is a spotted goat fishIf fish does not have chin "whiskers," it is a band-tail puffer
Step 3If fish has both eyes on top of the head, then go to step 4If fish has one eye on each side of the head, then go to step 5
Step 7If fish has stripes, then go to step 8If fish does not have stripes, it is a glassy sweeper
Step 4If fish has long whip-like tail, it is a spotted eagle rayIf fish has short, blunt tail, it is a peacock flounder
Step 8If fish has a v-shaped tail, it is a squirrel fishIf fish has a blunt tail, it is a glass-eye snapper