Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Competencies Identify the defining concepts and principles of
major developmental theories. Assess patients’ developmental levels by applying
the major developmental theories. Incorporate appropriate developmental tasks
associated with each life stage into a patient’s assessment.
Select appropriate developmental assessment tools for use in screening a patient for developmental difficulties.
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Developmental Theories Ages and stages
Developmental stage Developmental tasks
Life event/transitional
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development (1952) Stages
Sensorimotor Preoperational Concrete operations Formal operational
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of
personality development (1946) Personality
Ego Superego
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Psychosexual stages
Oral Anal Phallic Latency Genital
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Erikson’s Epigenic theory of
personality (1974) Stages
Trust vs. Mistrust Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt Initiative vs. Guilt Industry vs. Inferiority (continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Stages in Erikson's Epigenic theory
(cont.) Identity vs. Role confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Ego integrity vs. Despair
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Ages and Stages Developmental Theories Kohlberg’s theory of moral
development (1981) Levels
Preconventional Conventional Postconventional
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Developmental Stages, Tasks, and Life Events Stages
Infancy (birth to 1 year) Toddler (1 to 3 years) Preschool (3 to 6 years) School-age (6 to 12 years) Adolescent (12 to 18 years) Young adult (18 to 30 years) Early middle age (30 to 50 years) Late middle age (50 to 70 years) Late adulthood (70 years to death)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 1: Infancy Rapid physical, motor, cognitive,
emotional, and social growth Major task is weaning Sensorimotor (Piaget) Oral (Freud) Trust vs. Mistrust (Erikson)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Growth and Development During Infancy Gross motor Fine motor Language Sensory
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 2: Toddler Steadily increasing motor
development and control Intense activity and discovery Rapid language development Increasingly independent behaviors Marked personality development
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 2: Toddler Gross motor Fine motor Language Sensory
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Developmental Theories During Toddlerhood Sensorimotor to preoperational
(Piaget) Anal (Freud) Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt
(Erikson) Preconventional level—moral stage
(Kohlberg)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 3: Preschool Focused on developing initiative
and purpose Preoperational (Piaget) Phallic (Freud) Initiative vs. Guilt (Erikson) Individualism, instrumental
purpose, and exchange (Kohlberg)(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 3: Preschool Fine motor Gross motor Language Sensory
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 4: School-age Reduce dependency on family for
socialization, begins to socialize with peers Preoperational to concrete operations
(Piaget) Latency (Freud) Industry vs. Inferiority (Erikson) Conventional level—mutual expectations,
relationships, and conformity (Kohlberg)
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 4: School-age Fine motor Gross motor Language Sensory
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 5: Adolescent Period of struggle and turmoil Formal operations (Piaget) Genital (Freud) Identify vs. Role confusion
(Erikson) Conventional level—social system
and conscience (Kohlberg)(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 5: Adolescent Fine motor Gross motor Language Sensory
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 6: Young Adult Time of separation and independence from the
family Marked by new commitments, accountability,
responsibilities Key developmental tasks Formal operations (Piaget) Intimacy vs. Isolation (Erikson) Postconventional level—social contract or
utility and individual rights (Kohlberg)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 7: Early Middle Age Settle into career, lifestyle, relationships Develop political, civic, social,
professional, religious affiliations Key developmental tasks Generativity vs. Stagnation (Erikson) Postconventional level—social contract
or utility (Kohlberg)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 8: Late Middle Age Development of chronic disease Changes in relationships, affiliations Key developmental tasks Generativity vs. Stagnation
(Erikson) Universal ethical principles stage
(Kohlberg)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stage 9: Late Adulthood Time for adjustments Changes in health, relationships,
affiliations Key developmental tasks Ego integrity vs. Despair (Erikson) Universal ethical principles stage
continues (Kohlberg)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Stages of the Family Life Cycle Leaving home Joining of families Families with young children Families with adolescents Launching children Families in later life
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
(continues)
Developmental Assessment Tools Infants to young school-age children
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment (BNBAS)
Denver II Revised Prescreening Developmental
Questionnaire (R-PDQ) Early Language Milestones Scale
(ELM)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Developmental Assessment Tools
Carey Infant and Child Temperament Questionnaire
Washington Guide to Promoting Development in the Young Child
Stress Scale for Children Adolescents
HEADSS (home, education, activities, drugs, sex, and suicide) adolescent risk profile
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Developmental Assessment Tools Children with disabilities
NGAGED (now, growth and development, activities of daily living, general health, environment, and documentation)
Adults Recent Life Changes Questionnaire Life Experiences Survey
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Developmental Assessment Tools
Everyday Hassles Scale (EHS) Stress Audit Sense of coherence (SOC) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)
Older adults Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) Folstein Mini-Mental Status Examination
(MMSE)
(continues)
Copyright 2002, Delmar, A division of Thomson Learning
Developmental Assessment Tools
Functional Assessment Screening in the Elderly (FASE)
Nursing home residents Minimum Data Set for Nursing Facility
Resident Assessment and Care Screening
Families Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) Friedman Family Assessment Model
(FFAM)