PHARMACY RESEARCH METHOD
CRITICAL APPRAISAL
Presenter: Dr. Balamurugan Tangiisuran
• Introduction to Critical
Appraisal• Evaluating Evidence• Evaluating Websites
Presentation Outline
What is Critical Appraisal?
• Balanced assessment of the
benefits/strengths and flaws/weaknesses of a study
• Assessment of research process and results
• Consideration of quantitative and qualitative aspects
What is Critical Appraisal?
• Negative dismissal of any
piece of research• Assessment on results alone• Based entirely on statistical
analysis• Undertaken by experts only
Critical Appraisal is NOT
• To find out the validity of the study
are the methods robust?
• To find out the reliability of the study what are the results and are they
credible?
• To find out the applicability of the study is it important enough to change
practice?
Why is evaluating necessary?
• Believe everything• Believe papers in high quality
journals• Read & decide yourself• Let other people read and decide
for you• Read for yourself and make a
structured appraisal
How Do I Critically Appraise the Research?
Critical Appraisal in daily life
Evaluating Evidence
What was the purpose of the
research?
Step 1
What is the background to the
research?
Step 2
Was the research method and study
design appropriate?
Step 3
Was is the research
population?
Step 4
Who took part in the research and
who did not?
Step 5
Are the data reliable and valid?
Step 6
Step 6: Are the data reliable and valid?
How are the data analyzed?
Step 7
Step 7
Step 7
Are the findings interpreted correctly?
Step 8
Step 8
Are the conclusion valid?
Step 9
Did you enjoy reading the
research report?
Step 10
Step 10
EVALUATING WEBSITES
How to evaluate websites?
Criteria for Evaluating Websites
Source Authority Objectivity Currency Coverage
Criteria for Evaluating Websites
Source • Who wrote the webpage• Do they provide their contact details?
Authority • Is the author qualified?• Check the domain of the document
Objectivity
• What goals or objectives does the webpage meet?• How detailed is the information
Criteria for Evaluating Websites
Currency • When was the page last updated?
Coverage • Is the information presented cited correctly?• Do the links (if any) complement the documents’ themes?
• Introduction to Critical
Appraisal• Evaluating Evidence• Evaluating Websites
Presentation Outline
Jom analisa secara kritikal!
Thank You!