Download ppt - Eb4voc les8

great /greɪt/ adjective -er/-est only

great /greɪt/ adjective -er/-est only important, powerful, or famous

great /greɪt/ adjective -er/-est only important, powerful, or famous a great president /athlete / man

great /greɪt/ adjective -er/-est only important, powerful, or famous a great president /athlete / man noun C

great /greɪt/ adjective -er/-est only important, powerful, or famous a great president /athlete / man noun C بزرگ ، مهم ، مشهور

great /greɪt/ adjective -er/-est only important, powerful, or famous a great president /athlete / man noun C بزرگ ، مهم ، مشهورa famous person in a particular area of

activity


activitygreatness /ˈgreɪt·nəs/ noun U


activitygreatness /ˈgreɪt·nəs/ noun U Her greatness as a writer is beyond question.

Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel

Alfred Nobel 1833-1896Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been

honoring men and women from all corners of the globe for outstanding achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature, and for work in peace. The foundations for the prize were laid in 1895 when Alfred Nobel wrote his last will, leaving much of his wealth to the establishment of the Nobel Prize. But who was Alfred Nobel?

Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī



Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī 4/5 September 973 in Kath, Khwarezm,[3] died 13 December 1048 in Ghazni) known as Alberonius in Latin and Al-Biruni in English,




Parvin E'tesamiarch 16, 1907 – April 5, 1941), also Parvin

Etesami, was a 20th-centuryPersian poet of Iran.[1][2] According to Ali Akbar Dehkhoda, her given name was Rakhshanda

famous /ˈfeɪ·məs/ adjective

famous /ˈfeɪ·məs/ adjective known by very many or most people,

famous /ˈfeɪ·məs/ adjective known by very many or most people, well-known

famous /ˈfeɪ·məs/ adjective known by very many or most people, well-known a famous actor/singer

famous /ˈfeɪ·məs/ adjective known by very many or most people, well-known a famous actor/singer Marie Curie is famous for discovering radium.

famous /ˈfeɪ·məs/ adjective known by very many or most people, well-known a famous actor/singer Marie Curie is famous for discovering radium. See also fame

famous /ˈfeɪ·məs/ adjective known by very many or most people, well-known a famous actor/singer Marie Curie is famous for discovering radium. See also fameمشهور

Word formationfame /feɪm/ noun U the state of being known for having or doing

something important She came to the city seeking fortune and fame. famed /feɪmd/ adjective known about by many people; famousfamous /ˈfeɪ·məs/ adjective famously /ˈfeɪ·mə·sli/ adverbvery well Maria and her roommate get along famously.

Mahmoud Hessabi

Mahmoud Hessabi

Mahmoud Hessabi

Mahmoud Hessabi

Mahmoud Hessabi

Mahmoud HessabiBorn: February 23, 1903, IranDied: September 3, 1992,

Geneva, Switzerland

Avicenna

Avicenna

Avicenna

Avicenna, Arabic: Ibn Sīnā, in full: Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn

ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā (born 980, near Bukhara, Iran [now in Uzbekistan]—died 1037, Hamadan, Iran), Muslim physician, the most famous and influential of the philosopher-scientists of the Islamic world. He was particularly noted for his contributions in the fields of Aristotelian philosophy andmedicine. He composed the Kitāb al-shifāʾ (Book of the Cure), a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia, and Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb (The Canon of Medicine),

Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa

Mother Teresa.1Born: August 26, 1910, Skopje, Republic of

Macedonia

.2Died: September 5, 1997, Kolkata, India

Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison

Thomas EdisonBorn: February 11, 1847, Milan, OHDied: October 18, 1931, West Orange, NJEducation: Cooper Union (1875–1879)

Morteza Motahhari

Morteza Motahhari

Morteza Motahhari

Morteza MotahhariBorn: January 31, 1919, FarimanAssassinated: May 1, 1979, Tehran, Iran

Republic of Macedonia

Republic of Macedonia

Republic of MacedoniaMacedonia, officially the Republic of

Macedonia, is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991

1.capital: Skopje2.Currency: Macedonian denar3.Continent: Europe4.Prime minister: Nikola Gruevski5.Official language: Macedonian

SkopjeThe capital of Macedonia

August /ˈɔː·gəst/ abbreviation Aug. noun C/U the eighth month of the year, after July and

before September آگوست ، ماه هشتم میالدی

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C a member of the largest Christian religion

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C a member of the largest Christian religion Adjective

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C a member of the largest Christian religion adjectivea Roman Catholic priest

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C a member of the largest Christian religion adjectivea Roman Catholic priest the Roman Catholic church

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C a member of the largest Christian religion adjectivea Roman Catholic priest the Roman Catholic church وابسته به کلیسای کاتولیک روم

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C a member of the largest Christian religion adjectivea Roman Catholic priest the Roman Catholic church وابسته به کلیسای کاتولیک رومRoman Catholicism /ˌroʊ·mən·kəˈθɑl·ə

ˌsɪz·əm/

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C a member of the largest Christian religion adjectivea Roman Catholic priest the Roman Catholic church وابسته به کلیسای کاتولیک رومRoman Catholicism /ˌroʊ·mən·kəˈθɑl·ə

ˌsɪz·əm/ noun U

Roman Catholic /ˌroʊ·mənˈkæθ·ə·lɪk/ noun C a member of the largest Christian religion adjectivea Roman Catholic priest the Roman Catholic church وابسته به کلیسای کاتولیک رومRoman Catholicism /ˌroʊ·mən·kəˈθɑl·əˌsɪz·əm/ noun U the beliefs of the Roman Catholic religion

elementary /ˌel·əˈmen·tri/adjective

elementary /ˌel·əˈmen·tri/adjective simple or easy; basic

elementary /ˌel·əˈmen·tri/adjective simple or easy; basic I’m taking a course in elementary Russian.

elementary /ˌel·əˈmen·tri/adjective simple or easy; basic I’m taking a course in elementary Russian. پایه ، ابتدایی

elementary school grade school, primary school,

elementary school grade school, primary school, Dated: grammar school

elementary school grade school, primary school, Dated: grammar school noun C

elementary school grade school, primary school, Dated: grammar school noun C a school that provides the first part of a

child’s education, usually for children between five and eleven years old

elementary school grade school, primary school, Dated: grammar school noun C a school that provides the first part of a

child’s education, usually for children between five and eleven years old

مدرسه ابتدایی

mission /ˈmɪʃ·ən/ noun C

mission /ˈmɪʃ·ən/ noun C the action of sending someone to a place to

do a particular job, or the job the person has been sent to do



A flight into space



A flight into space They were sent on a secret political mission

to the Middle East.



A flight into space They were sent on a secret political mission

to the Middle East. ماموریت

missionary /ˈmɪʃ·əˌner·i /noun C

missionary /ˈmɪʃ·əˌner·i /noun C a person who has been sent to a place,

usually a foreign country, to teach a religion to the people who live there



Pearl Buck was raised in China, where her parents were Christian missionaries.



Pearl Buck was raised in China, where her parents were Christian missionaries.

تبلیغ ، مبلغ مذهبی

Missionary work Teaching about Christian religion

Christian /ˈkrɪs·tʃən, ˈkrɪʃ-/ noun C /adjective

Christian /ˈkrɪs·tʃən, ˈkrɪʃ-/ noun C /adjectivea person who follows or belongs to

Christianity


ChristianityThe Roman Catholic Church is the largest of

the Christian churches.



the Christian churches. following or belonging to the Christian religion



the Christian churches. following or belonging to the Christian religion مسیحی



the Christian churches. following or belonging to the Christian religion مسیحی It wasn’t very Christian of you to make him

walk home in this rain.



the Christian churches. following or belonging to the Christian religion مسیحی It wasn’t very Christian of you to make him

walk home in this rain. Christianity /ˌkrɪs·tʃiːˈæn·ət m·i, ˌkrɪʃ-/ noun U

Christian /ˈkrɪs·tʃən, ˈkrɪʃ-/ noun C /adjectivea person who follows or belongs to ChristianityThe Roman Catholic Church is the largest of the

Christian churches. following or belonging to the Christian religion مسیحی It wasn’t very Christian of you to make him walk

home in this rain. Christianity /ˌkrɪs·tʃiːˈæn·ət m·i, ˌkrɪʃ-/ noun U the Christian faith, a religion based on the belief

in one God and on the teachings of Jesus Christ , as set forth in the Bible = مسیحیت

training /ˈtreɪ·nɪŋ/ noun U

training /ˈtreɪ·nɪŋ/ noun U exercise in a way that prepares sb for sth.

training /ˈtreɪ·nɪŋ/ noun U exercise in a way that prepares sb for sth. We got two weeks of on-the-job training on

how to conduct interviews.

training /ˈtreɪ·nɪŋ/ noun U exercise in a way that prepares sb for sth. We got two weeks of on-the-job training on

how to conduct interviews.آموزش

Other formsTrain /treɪn/ verb I/T to prepare someone or be prepared for a job,

activity, or sport by learning skills or by mental or physical exercise

trainee /treɪˈniː/ noun C trainer /ˈtreɪ·nər/ noun C training /ˈtreɪ·nɪŋ/ noun U

Make …choicechoose

Irish Of or from Ireland =A country in the east side of England ( north of Europe )

Irish

Irish

Irish

Dublin The capital of Ireland

community /kəˈmjuː·nət m·i/ noun C/U

community /kəˈmjuː·nət m·i/ noun C/U 1- all the people who live in a particular area,

or a group of people with shared interests


or a group of people with shared interestsC the scientific community


or a group of people with shared interestsC the scientific community 2- all the various living things that live in a

particular area.



particular area. 3- society in general



particular area. 3- society in generalU She believed that the greatest goal in life

was to serve the community.



particular area. 3- society in generalU She believed that the greatest goal in life

was to serve the community.انجمن ، گروه

nun /nʌn /

nun /nʌn /

nun /nʌn /

nun /nʌn /

nun /nʌn /

nun /nʌn /noun C

nun /nʌn /noun C a member of a female religious group whose

members promise to obey the orders of the leader of the group, to be poor, and not to marry,

nun /nʌn /noun C a member of a female religious group whose

members promise to obey the orders of the leader of the group, to be poor, and not to marry,

راهبه

saint /seɪnt/ abbreviation St. noun C

saint /seɪnt/ abbreviation St. noun C 1- a holy person of Christian church Elizabeth

saint /seɪnt/ abbreviation St. noun C 1- a holy person of Christian church Elizabeth2- a good, kind, and patient person:

saint /seɪnt/ abbreviation St. noun C 1- a holy person of Christian church Elizabeth2- a good, kind, and patient person: His mother was a saint to everyone who knew

her.


her. مقدس ، بزرگ


her. مقدس ، بزرگ saintly /ˈseɪnt·li/ adjective


her. مقدس ، بزرگ saintly /ˈseɪnt·li/ adjective He seemed the gentle, saintly man everyone

said he was.

suffer /ˈsʌf·ər /verb I

suffer /ˈsʌf·ər /verb I to experience physical or mental pain

suffer /ˈsʌf·ər /verb I to experience physical or mental pain He suffers from migraine (headaches).

suffer /ˈsʌf·ər /verb I to experience physical or mental pain He suffers from migraine (headaches). رنج بردن از

suffer /ˈsʌf·ər /verb I to experience physical or mental pain He suffers from migraine (headaches). رنج بردن ازsufferer /ˈsʌf·ə·rər/ noun C

suffer /ˈsʌf·ər /verb I to experience physical or mental pain He suffers from migraine (headaches). رنج بردن ازsufferer /ˈsʌf·ə·rər/ noun C someone who experiences physical or mental

pain of a type that is mentioned.


pain of a type that is mentioned. suffering /ˈsʌf·ə·rɪŋ/ noun U


pain of a type that is mentioned. suffering /ˈsʌf·ə·rɪŋ/ noun U An experience of physical or mental pain

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez·ənt/ adjective

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez·ənt/ adjective not attractive or enjoyable or easy to like

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez·ənt/ adjective not attractive or enjoyable or easy to like an unpleasant surprise

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez·ənt/ adjective not attractive or enjoyable or easy to like an unpleasant surprise unpleasant memories

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez·ənt/ adjective not attractive or enjoyable or easy to like an unpleasant surprise unpleasant memories an unpleasant young man

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez·ənt/ adjective not attractive or enjoyable or easy to like an unpleasant surprise unpleasant memories an unpleasant young man ناخوشایند

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez·ənt/ adjective not attractive or enjoyable or easy to like an unpleasant surprise unpleasant memories an unpleasant young man ناخوشایندunpleasantly /ʌnˈplez·ənt·li/ adverb

unpleasant /ʌnˈplez·ənt/ adjective not attractive or enjoyable or easy to like an unpleasant surprise unpleasant memories an unpleasant young man ناخوشایندunpleasantly /ʌnˈplez·ənt·li/ adverb

Word formationplease /pliːz/ verb I/T to make someone feel happy or satisfied, pleased /pliːzd/ adjective =happy or satisfiedpleasing /ˈpliː·zɪŋ/ adjective giving a feeling of satisfaction or enjoyment pleasure /ˈpleʒ·ər/ noun C/Ua feeling of enjoyment or satisfaction pleasurable /ˈpleʒ·ə·rə·bəl/=pleasant

/ˈplez·ənt/ adjectivepleasantly /ˈplez·ənt·li/ adverb

convent /ˈkɑn·vent, -vənt/




convent /ˈkɑn·vent, -vənt/ noun C

convent /ˈkɑn·vent, -vənt/ noun C a building or group of buildings in which nuns

(religious women) live or worship


(religious women) live or worship Compare: monastery


(religious women) live or worship Compare: monastery (زنانه) صومعه

monastery /ˈmɑn·əˌster·i /




noun C


noun C a building or group of buildings in which

monks (religious men) live and worship



monks (religious men) live and worship Compare: convent



monks (religious men) live and worship Compare: convent (مردانه) دیر ، صومعه

impression /ɪmˈpreʃ·ən/ noun U

impression /ɪmˈpreʃ·ən/ noun U effect or influence on the way someone feels

or thinks


or thinks All our warnings made little impression on

him.


or thinks All our warnings made little impression on

him. تاثیر

Word formationimpress /ɪmˈpres/ verb T to cause sb to feel respect , understandimpression /ɪmˈpreʃ·ən/ noun U effect or influence on the way sb feels or

thinksimpressionable /ɪmˈpreʃ·ə·nə·bəl/ adjective easily influencedimpressive /ɪmˈpres·ɪv/ adjective impressively /ɪmˈpres·ɪv·li/ adverb

permission /pərˈmɪʃ·ən/noun U

permission /pərˈmɪʃ·ən/noun U the act of allowing sb to do something, or of

allowing sth to happen


allowing sth to happen Parents have to give their permission for their

children to go on school trips.



children to go on school trips. We had to get permission (approval) from the

city to build a new house.



children to go on school trips. We had to get permission (approval) from the

city to build a new house.اجازه

permit /pərˈmɪt/ verb T -tt- to allowpermit /ˈpɜr·mɪt, pərˈmɪt/ noun C an official document that allows you to do sthpermitting /pərˈmɪt m·ɪŋ/ adjective only after

noun used to show that an activity depends on an

uncertain condition

Word formationpermit /pərˈmɪt/ verb T -tt- permit /ˈpɜr·mɪt, pərˈmɪt/ noun C an official document that allows you to do sthpermitting /pərˈmɪt m·ɪŋ/ adjective after noun permission /pərˈmɪʃ·ən/ noun U permissible /pərˈmɪs·ə·bəl/ adjective permissive /pərˈmɪs·ɪv/ adjectiveallowing a wide range of choices, permissiveness /pərˈmɪs·ɪv·nəs/ noun U

superior /sʊˈpɪr·iː·ər/adjective

superior /sʊˈpɪr·iː·ər/adjectivehigher in rank or position than others

superior /sʊˈpɪr·iː·ər/adjectivehigher in rank or position than others When your superior officer gives you an

order, you do it.


order, you do it. noun C


order, you do it. noun C We will need a letter of recommendation from

one of your superiors.


order, you do it. noun C We will need a letter of recommendation from

one of your superiors. مافوق

Other formssuperior /sʊˈpɪr·iː·ər/ adjective≠ inferior /ɪnˈfɪr·iː·ər/ adjective superiority /sʊˌpɪr·iːˈɔːr·ət m·i, -ˈɑr·ət m·i/ noun U ≠ inferiority /ɪnˌfɪr·iːˈɔːr·ət̬·i, -ˈɑr-/ noun U

devote sth/yourself to sth/sb phrasal verb

devote sth/yourself to sth/sb phrasal verb to give your time or effort completely to sth

you believe in or to a person, or to use a particular amount of time or energy doing sth



He devoted his life to serving his family, friends, and neighbors.




Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of saving Social Security.




Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of saving Social Security.

اختصاص دادن ، وقف کردن

Word formationdevote sth/yourself to sth/sb devoted /dɪˈvoʊt m·əd/ adjective extremely loving and loyal a devoted fan/husband/mother devotee /ˌdev·əˈtiː, -ˈteɪ; dɪˌvoʊˈtiː/ noun C a person who strongly admires a particular

person or is extremely interested in a subjectdevotion /dɪˈvoʊ·ʃən/ noun U support and affection

slum /slʌm /noun C

slum /slʌm /noun C a very poor and crowded area of a city

slum /slʌm /noun C a very poor and crowded area of a city She works with children in a rough New Jersey

slum.


slum. verb I -mm- informal


slum. verb I -mm- informal to visit a slum, or to work doing something

that is not suitable


slum. verb I -mm- informal to visit a slum, or to work doing something

that is not suitableمحله فقیر نشین

Calcutta

Calcutta

Calcutta

Open-air

Open-air noun U

Open-air noun U anywhere that is not inside a building

Open-air noun U anywhere that is not inside a building It’s nice to get out in the open air.

Open-air noun U anywhere that is not inside a building It’s nice to get out in the open air. فضای باز

homeless /ˈhoʊm·ləs/ Adjective

homeless /ˈhoʊm·ləs/ adjectivehaving no place to live

homeless /ˈhoʊm·ləs/ adjectivehaving no place to live a homeless person

homeless /ˈhoʊm·ləs/ adjectivehaving no place to live a homeless personبی خانمان

Word formationhome /hoʊm/ noun C/U home /hoʊm/ adjectivehome /hoʊm/ adverb Go home homeless /ˈhoʊm·ləs/ adjectivehomeless /ˈhoʊm·ləs/ plural noun homelessness /ˈhoʊm·lə·snəs/ noun U homeward /ˈhoʊm·wərd/ homewards /ˈhoʊm·wərdz/ adverb

voluntary /ˈvɑl·ənˌter·i/ adjective

voluntary /ˈvɑl·ənˌter·i/ adjectivedone, made, or given willingly, without being

forced or paid to do it


forced or paid to do it Karyn leads after-school workshops that

students attend on a voluntary basis.



students attend on a voluntary basis. voluntarily /ˌvɑl·ənˈter·ə·li/ adverb



students attend on a voluntary basis. voluntarily /ˌvɑl·ənˈter·ə·li/ adverb She voluntarily gave up her lunch break to

supervise the lab.



students attend on a voluntary basis. voluntarily /ˌvɑl·ənˈter·ə·li/ adverb She voluntarily gave up her lunch break to

supervise the lab. داوطلبانه

Word formationvolunteer /ˌvɑl·ənˈtɪr/ noun C a person who does something, willingly and

without being forced or paid to dovolunteer /ˌvɑl·ənˈtɪr/ adjectivevolunteer /ˌvɑl·ənˈtɪr/ verb I/T voluntary /ˈvɑl·ənˌter·i/ adjectivevoluntarily /ˌvɑl·ənˈter·ə·li/ adverb

join /dʒɔɪn/ verb I/T

join /dʒɔɪn/ verb I/T to become a member of an organization

join /dʒɔɪn/ verb I/T to become a member of an organization T I’ve decided to join a gym.

join /dʒɔɪn/ verb I/T to become a member of an organization T I’ve decided to join a gym. I It’s a great club – why don’t you join?

join /dʒɔɪn/ verb I/T to become a member of an organization T I’ve decided to join a gym. I It’s a great club – why don’t you join? ملحق شدن ، پیوستن

Other formsjoin /dʒɔɪn/ verb I/T joint / dʒɔɪnt/ adjective1- belonging to or shared between two or

more people2- joint venture = a business that gets its

money from two or more partners. jointly /ˈdʒɔɪnt·li/ adverb

financial /fəˈnæn·tʃəl, fɑɪ-/ Adjective

financial /fəˈnæn·tʃəl, fɑɪ-/ AdjectiveOf money

financial /fəˈnæn·tʃəl, fɑɪ-/ AdjectiveOf moneyfinancial problems

financial /fəˈnæn·tʃəl, fɑɪ-/ AdjectiveOf moneyfinancial problemsمالی ، پولی

Word formationfinance /fəˈnæns, ˈfɑɪ·næns/ noun the management of money, or the money

belonging to a person, group, or organizationfinance /fəˈnæns, ˈfɑɪ·næns/ verb T provide the moneyfinancing /fəˈnæn·sɪŋ, ˈfɑɪˌnæn-/ noun U the money needed to do a particular thing, financial /fəˈnæn·tʃəl, fɑɪ-/ adjectivefinancially /fəˈnæn·tʃə·li, fɑɪ-/ adverb

Word formationVariable /ˈver·iː·ə·bəl, ˈvær-/ adjective variable /ˈver·iː·ə·bəl, ˈvær-/ noun C variability /ˌver·iː·əˈbɪl·ət m·i, ˌvær-/ noun U variance /ˈver·iː·əns, ˈvær-/ noun C variant /ˈver·iː·ənt, ˈvær-/ noun C varied /ˈver·iːd, ˈvær-/ adjective Variety /vəˈrɑɪ·ət m·i/ noun U various /ˈver·iː·əs, ˈvær-/ adjectivevariously /ˈver·iː·ə·sli, ˈvær-/ adverb

Synonyms Vary = differVariety = differenceVarious = differentVariously = differentlyAs well = too As well as = in addition to

official /əˈfɪʃ·əl/ noun C

official /əˈfɪʃ·əl/ noun C a person who has a position of responsibility

in an organization


in an organization a senior official


in an organization a senior officialمسوول ، مقاما ت ،

Word formationoffice /ˈɔː·fəs, ˈɑf·əs/ noun C/U officer /ˈɔː·fə·sər, ˈɑf·ə-/ noun C official /əˈfɪʃ·əl/ noun C a senior official official /əˈfɪʃ·əl/ adjective an official announcement officially /əˈfɪʃ·ə·li/ adverb officiate əˈfɪʃ·iːˌeɪt verb I to be in charge of a sports event.

charity /ˈtʃær·ət m·i/ noun C/U

charity /ˈtʃær·ət m·i/ noun C/U 1- the giving of money, food, or help to those

who need it, or an organization that does this


who need it, or an organization that does this U She does a lot of work for charity.



2- the belief that you should help people:



2- the belief that you should help people: U He visits homeless shelters out of charity.



2- the belief that you should help people: U He visits homeless shelters out of charity. خیریه

Other formscharity /ˈtʃær·ət m·i/ noun C/U charitable /ˈtʃær·ət m·ə·bəl/ adjective She was involved in a charitable organization. charitable /ˈtʃær·ət m·ə·bəl/ adjective kind and not judging people in a negative way They are known as a charitable people. charitably /ˈtʃær·ət m·ə·bli/ adverb The disagreement was described charitably as

a “frank discussion.”

care for sb/sth phrasal verb

care for sb/sth phrasal verb to provide for a person or animal's needs and

to protect that person or animal


to protect that person or animal Bob and his sister take turns caring for their

elderly mother.



elderly mother. = look after



elderly mother. = look after مراقبت کردن از

clinic /ˈklɪn·ɪk/ noun C

clinic /ˈklɪn·ɪk/ noun C a building or part of a hospital where people

go for medical care or advice


go for medical care or advice Prenatal clinics provide care for pregnant

women.


go for medical care or advice Prenatal clinics provide care for pregnant

women. کلینیک ، درمانگاه

clinical /ˈklɪn·ɪ·kəl/ adjective1- (of medical work or teaching) relating to

examining and treating someone who is ill Clinical tests have so far failed to show the

cause of her illness. 2- considering a situation without showing or

feeling any emotionکلینیکی

award /əˈwɔːrd /verb T / noun C

award /əˈwɔːrd /verb T / noun C to give something valuable, such as money or

a prize following an official decision


a prize following an official decision Her poodle was awarded first prize in the dog

show.



show. Their company was awarded a contract worth

$40 million by the federal government.




$40 million by the federal government. Marion Jones won the Jesse Owens award as

the outstanding athlete of the year.




$40 million by the federal government. Marion Jones won the Jesse Owens award as

the outstanding athlete of the year. جایزه ، جایزه دادن

peace /piːs/ noun U

peace /piːs/ noun U (a period of) freedom from war or violence,

peace /piːs/ noun U (a period of) freedom from war or violence, People don't like to think about spending

money on the military in a time of peace.


money on the military in a time of peace. The country has been at peace for 25 years

(not involved in war during this period) .


money on the military in a time of peace. The country has been at peace for 25 years

(not involved in war during this period) .صلح ، آرامش

Word formationpeace /piːs/ noun U peaceful /ˈpiːs·fəl/ adjectivepeaceable /ˈpiː·sə·bəl/ adjectivenot liking or involving fighting or argumentpeaceably /ˈpiː·sə·bli/ adverb

Other formspeace /piːs/ noun U calm and quiet; freedom from worry or

annoyance peaceful /ˈpiːs·fəl/ adjectiveIt’s so peaceful by the lake. peacefully /ˈpiːs·fə·li/ adverbShe died peacefully in her sleep at the age of

90. peacefulness /ˈpiːs·fəl·nəs/ noun U

brotherhood /ˈbrʌð·ərˌhʊd/ noun U

brotherhood /ˈbrʌð·ərˌhʊd/ noun U 1- a feeling of shared interests and support

among men, or more generally, among all humans



2- the membership of an organization of men, or the organization itself.



2- the membership of an organization of men, or the organization itself.

برادری

promote /prəˈmoʊt/ verb T

promote /prəˈmoʊt/ verb T to advance someone to a more important

rank or position


rank or position She was promoted to division manager before


rank or position She was promoted to division manager beforeارتقا یافتن ، به کالس بالتر رفتن


rank or position She was promoted to division manager beforeارتقا یافتن ، به کالس بالتر رفتن Opposite: demote


rank or position She was promoted to division manager beforeارتقا یافتن ، به کالس بالتر رفتن Opposite: demote promotion /prəˈmoʊ·ʃən/ noun C/U


rank or position She was promoted to division manager beforeارتقا یافتن ، به کالس بالتر رفتن Opposite: demote promotion /prəˈmoʊ·ʃən/ noun C/UHelp sth to grow


rank or position She was promoted to division manager beforeارتقا یافتن ، به کالس بالتر رفتن Opposite: demote promotion /prəˈmoʊ·ʃən/ noun C/UHelp sth to grow She’s been recommended for a promotion.

Word formationinvent /ɪnˈvent/ verb T invention /ɪnˈven·tʃən/ noun C/U inventive /ɪnˈvent·ɪv/ adjective approving having or showing the ability to design or

create something newinventor /ɪnˈvent·ər/ noun C Alfred Nobel was the inventor of dynamite.

Word formationuse /juːz/ verb T use /juːs/ noun C/U usable /ˈjuː·zə·bəl/ adjective useful /ˈjuːs·fəl/ adjective usefully /ˈjuːs·fə·li/ adverb usefulness /ˈjuːs·fəl·nəs/ noun U useless /ˈjuː·sləs/ adjective of no value; worthless. user /ˈjuː·zər/ noun C

Milan

Milan

Milan

Milan

Milan A city in Ohio Ohio is a state in the United States of

America.

Michigan

Michigan

Michigan

Michigan

sign /sɑɪn/ noun C

sign /sɑɪn/ noun C a signal that sth exists or that shows what

might happen in the future


might happen in the future She was at least sharing her problems with

me, and that was a sign of progress.



me, and that was a sign of progress. There was nobody in the place, and I thought

that was a bad sign.




that was a bad sign. There are signs that he is thinking of running

for president.




that was a bad sign. There are signs that he is thinking of running

for president. عالمت

hear /hɪr/ verb I/T past heard

hear /hɪr/ verb I/T past heard to receive or become aware of sounds with

your ears


your ears T I can’t hear you with the TV on.


your ears T I can’t hear you with the TV on. hearing /ˈhɪr·ɪŋ/ noun U


your ears T I can’t hear you with the TV on. hearing /ˈhɪr·ɪŋ/ noun U the ability to hear sounds


your ears T I can’t hear you with the TV on. hearing /ˈhɪr·ɪŋ/ noun U the ability to hear sounds Since he’s gotten older, his hearing isn’t what

it used to be.


your ears T I can’t hear you with the TV on. hearing /ˈhɪr·ɪŋ/ noun U the ability to hear sounds Since he’s gotten older, his hearing isn’t what

it used to be.شنوایی

perform /pərˈfɔːrm/ verb I/T

perform /pərˈfɔːrm/ verb I/T to do an action or piece of work

perform /pərˈfɔːrm/ verb I/T to do an action or piece of work I The car performed poorly during the tests.

perform /pərˈfɔːrm/ verb I/T to do an action or piece of work I The car performed poorly during the tests. performance /pərˈfɔːr·məns/ noun U

perform /pərˈfɔːrm/ verb I/T to do an action or piece of work I The car performed poorly during the tests. performance /pərˈfɔːr·məns/ noun U 1- the act of doing something,

perform /pərˈfɔːrm/ verb I/T to do an action or piece of work I The car performed poorly during the tests. performance /pərˈfɔːr·məns/ noun U 1- the act of doing something, 2- how well an activity or job is done

perform /pərˈfɔːrm/ verb I/T to do an action or piece of work I The car performed poorly during the tests. performance /pərˈfɔːr·məns/ noun U 1- the act of doing something, 2- how well an activity or job is doneعملکرد

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ verb T

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ verb T to make someone slightly angry or upset

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ verb T to make someone slightly angry or upset I know you’re doing this only to annoy me.

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ verb T to make someone slightly angry or upset I know you’re doing this only to annoy me.اذیت کردن ، رنجاندن

Word formationannoy /əˈnɔɪ/ verb T to make someone slightly angry or upsetannoyed /əˈnɔɪd adjective annoying /əˈnɔɪ·ɪŋ/ adjective annoyingly /əˈnɔɪ·ɪŋ·li/ adverb annoyance /əˈnɔɪ·əns/ noun C/U

run away phrasal verb

run away phrasal verb to leave a place or person secretly and

suddenly


suddenly Vinnie ran away from home when he was 16.


suddenly Vinnie ran away from home when he was 16.فرار کردن


suddenly Vinnie ran away from home when he was 16.فرار کردن See also runaway


suddenly Vinnie ran away from home when he was 16.فرار کردن See also runaway فرار

besides /bɪˈsɑɪdz/ preposition, adverb

besides /bɪˈsɑɪdz/ preposition, adverbin addition to; also

besides /bɪˈsɑɪdz/ preposition, adverbin addition to; also Do you play any other sports besides golf?

besides /bɪˈsɑɪdz/ preposition, adverbin addition to; also Do you play any other sports besides golf? He won’t mind if you’re late – besides, it’s not

your fault.

besides /bɪˈsɑɪdz/ preposition, adverbin addition to; also Do you play any other sports besides golf? He won’t mind if you’re late – besides, it’s not

your fault.عالوه بر

beside /bɪˈsɑɪd/ preposition at the side of; next to Come and sit here beside me. کنار ، پهلوی

Complex /kəmˈpleks, ˈkɑm·pleks/ adjective

Complex /kəmˈpleks, ˈkɑm·pleks/ adjective having many parts related to each other in

ways that may be difficult to understand


ways that may be difficult to understand a complex surgical procedure


ways that may be difficult to understand a complex surgical procedure The question of who is legally responsible is a

complex issue.



complex issue.پیچیده ، مرکب



complex issue.پیچیده ، مرکب complexity /kəmˈplek·sət m·i/ noun C/U



complex issue.پیچیده ، مرکب complexity /kəmˈplek·sət m·i/ noun C/U You must understand the variety and

complexity of tasks assigned to the police.

complicate /ˈkɑm·pləˌkeɪt/ verb T

complicate /ˈkɑm·pləˌkeɪt/ verb T to make something more difficult to deal with

or do.=پیچیده کردن ، پیچیده شدن


or do.=پیچیده کردن ، پیچیده شدن complicated /ˈkɑm·pləˌkeɪt m·əd/ adjective


or do.=پیچیده کردن ، پیچیده شدن complicated /ˈkɑm·pləˌkeɪt m·əd/ adjective having many parts that are organized in a

way that may be difficult to understand = complex




complication /ˌkɑm·pləˈkeɪ·ʃən/ noun C




complication /ˌkɑm·pləˈkeɪ·ʃən/ noun C sth that makes a situation more difficult

telegraph /ˈtel·əˌgræf/ noun U / verb

telegraph /ˈtel·əˌgræf/ noun U / verb a method of sending and receiving messages

by electric signals that was used in the past, or the equipment used to do this



Reporters telegraphed details of the trial to their editors.




telegraphic /ˈtel·əˌgræfIk/ adjective




telegraphic /ˈtel·əˌgræfIk/ adjectivetelegram /ˈtel·əˌgræm/ noun C




telegraphic /ˈtel·əˌgræfIk/ adjectivetelegram /ˈtel·əˌgræm/ noun C a message sent by telegraph

experiment /ɪkˈsper·əˌment/verb I

experiment /ɪkˈsper·əˌment/verb I to test or to try a new way of doing something

experiment /ɪkˈsper·əˌment/verb I to test or to try a new way of doing something The school is experimenting with new

teaching methods.

experiment /ɪkˈsper·əˌment/verb I to test or to try a new way of doing something The school is experimenting with new

teaching methods. تست کردن ، امتحان کردن

Word formationexperiment /ɪkˈsper·ə·mənt, -ˈspɪr-/ noun C/U a test done in order to learn sth or to discover

whether something works or is trueexperiment /ɪkˈsper·əˌment, -ˈspɪr-/ verb I to test or to try a new way of doing sthexperimental /ɪkˌsper·əˈment· ə l/ adjectiveusing or based on new ideas experimentation /ɪkˌsper·ə·mənˈteɪ·ʃən/noun

Newark A city in New Jersey

Newark

Newark

Newark

laboratory /ˈlæb·rəˌtɔːr·i, -ˌtoʊr-/




laboratory /ˈlæb·rəˌtɔːr·i, -ˌtoʊr-/ short form: lab

laboratory /ˈlæb·rəˌtɔːr·i, -ˌtoʊr-/ short form: lab noun C

laboratory /ˈlæb·rəˌtɔːr·i, -ˌtoʊr-/ short form: lab noun C a room or building with equipment for doing

scientific tests or for teaching science, or a place where chemicals or medicines are produced



a physics laboratory



a physics laboratory آزمایشگاه

marry /ˈmær·i,ˈmer-/



marry /ˈmær·i,ˈmer-/ verb I/T

marry /ˈmær·i,ˈmer-/ verb I/T to become the legally accepted husband or

wife of someone in an official or religious ceremony



T He married Lori, his girlfriend from high school.



T He married Lori, his girlfriend from high school.

ازدواج کردن ، عروسی کردن

Other formsmarry /ˈmær·i,ˈmer-/ verb I/T married /ˈmær·iːd, ˈmer-/ adjectivea married couple We plan to get married next June. marriage /ˈmær·ɪdʒ, ˈmer-/ noun C/U a legally accepted relationship between a

man and a woman in which they live as husband and wife, or the official ceremony which results in this

C a long and happy marriage

Menlo Park شهرک صنعتی منلو

Industrial park = شهرک صنعتی

private /ˈprɑɪ·vət/ Adjective

private /ˈprɑɪ·vət/ adjective PERSONAL for the use of or belonging to one

particular person or group only, or not shared or available to other people ≠ public



Let’s go somewhere private so we can talk freely.




in private = without other people present: I asked if I could talk to her in private.




in private = without other people present: I asked if I could talk to her in private.

خصوصی

Other formsprivate /ˈprɑɪ·vət/ adjective in privateprivately /ˈprɑɪ·vət·li/ adverbwithout other people present, in his own mindprivacy /ˈprɑɪ·və·si/ noun U the state of being alone, or the right to keep

one’s personal matters and relationships secret

Disk /dɪsk /Disc noun C

Disk /dɪsk /Disc noun C 1- a flat, circular object

Disk /dɪsk /Disc noun C 1- a flat, circular object The dog’s name is on a metal disk attached to

its collar.


its collar. 2- a small piece of cartilage strong, elastic

body tissue between the bones of a person’s back.


its collar. 2- a small piece of cartilage strong, elastic

body tissue between the bones of a person’s back.

3- a flat, circular device that has a magnetic covering and is used for storing computer information: a hard disk

cylinder /ˈsɪl·ən·dər/





cylinder /ˈsɪl·ən·dər/ noun C

cylinder /ˈsɪl·ən·dər/ noun C SHAPE: a solid that has long straight sides

and circular ends of equal size, or a hollow object shaped like this and often used as a container



cylindrical /səˈlɪn·drɪ·kəl/ adjective



cylindrical /səˈlɪn·drɪ·kəl/ adjectivecylindrical structures



cylindrical /səˈlɪn·drɪ·kəl/ adjectivecylindrical structures استوانه ، استوانه ای

tin /tɪn/

tin /tɪn/

tin /tɪn/

tin /tɪn/

tin /tɪn/

tin /tɪn/ noun C/U

tin /tɪn/ noun C/U a soft, silver metal that is often combined

with other metals or used as a layer to protect various metals

tin /tɪn/ noun C/U a soft, silver metal that is often combined

with other metals or used as a layer to protect various metals

قلع

foil /fɔɪl/

foil /fɔɪl/

foil /fɔɪl/

foil /fɔɪl/

foil /fɔɪl/ noun U

foil /fɔɪl/ noun U a very thin sheet of metal, used esp. for

wrapping food


wrapping food aluminum foil


wrapping food aluminum foil فویل

helpless /ˈhel·pləs/ Adjective

helpless /ˈhel·pləs/ adjective unable to care for yourself or protect yourself

esp. against danger


esp. against danger a helpless infant


esp. against danger a helpless infant بی دفاع ، بی یاور

Word formationhelp /help/ verb I/T to make it possible or easier for someone to

do somethinghelp /help/ noun U helper /ˈhel·pər/ noun C helpful /ˈhelp·fəl/ adjective = giving helphelpless /ˈhel·pləs/ adjective helplessly /ˈhel·plə·sli/ adverbhelplessness /ˈhel·plə·snəs/ noun U

collect /kəˈlekt /verb I/T

collect /kəˈlekt /verb I/T to come or bring together from a variety of

places or over a period of time = gather


places or over a period of time = gather A crowd of people soon collected at the scene

of the accident.



of the accident. Information about employment is collected

from every state.




from every state. I’ve got three kids who collect football cards.




from every state. I’ve got three kids who collect football cards.جمع کردن ، جمع آوری کردن

Word formationcollect /kəˈlekt/ verb I/T collection /kəˈlek·ʃən/ noun C collector /kəˈlek·tər/ noun C collectible /kəˈlek·tə·bəl/ noun C collective /kəˈlek·tɪv/ adjective collectively /kəˈlek·tɪv·li/ adverb collectivism /kəˈlek·təˌvɪz·əm/ noun U collectivization /kəˌlek·tə·vəˈzeɪ·ʃən/ noun U

intelligent /ɪnˈtel·ə·dʒənt/ Adjective

intelligent /ɪnˈtel·ə·dʒənt/ adjective Having a good thinking ability

intelligent /ɪnˈtel·ə·dʒənt/ adjective Having a good thinking ability a highly intelligent woman

intelligent /ɪnˈtel·ə·dʒənt/ adjective Having a good thinking ability a highly intelligent woman باهوش

Other formsintelligence /ɪnˈtel·ə·dʒəns/ noun U THINKING ABILITY: the ability to understand

and learn well, intelligent /ɪnˈtel·ə·dʒənt/ adjective intelligently /ɪnˈtel·ə·dʒənt·li/ adverb IQ noun C abbreviation for: intelligence quotienta person’s level of intelligence measured by

tests : a high/low IQ

ring /rɪŋ verb I/T rang , rung

ring /rɪŋ verb I/T rang , rung to make a sound, esp. the sound made when

metal is hit, or to cause a bell to make a sound



I The telephone rang.



I The telephone rang. T I rang the doorbell but nobody answered.



I The telephone rang. T I rang the doorbell but nobody answered. noun C usually singular



I The telephone rang. T I rang the doorbell but nobody answered. noun C usually singular a telephone call I’ll give Sophia a ring.



I The telephone rang. T I rang the doorbell but nobody answered. noun C usually singular a telephone call I’ll give Sophia a ring. ringer /ˈrɪŋ·ər/ noun C usually singular

catch /kætʃ, ketʃ/ verb T

catch /kætʃ, ketʃ/ verb T past caught

catch /kætʃ, ketʃ/ verb T past caught to travel or be able to travel on a train, bus,

aircraft, etc. ≠ miss


aircraft, etc. ≠ miss He always caught the 6:05 train out of Grand

Central.


aircraft, etc. ≠ miss He always caught the 6:05 train out of Grand

Central. .. مسافرت رفتن با قطار

advise /ədˈvɑɪz/ verb I/T

advise /ədˈvɑɪz/ verb I/T to give advice to sb, or to suggest sth

advise /ədˈvɑɪz/ verb I/T to give advice to sb, or to suggest sth T I advised him to stay home.

advise /ədˈvɑɪz/ verb I/T to give advice to sb, or to suggest sth T I advised him to stay home. T I wouldn’t advise you to walk there alone.

advise /ədˈvɑɪz/ verb I/T to give advice to sb, or to suggest sth T I advised him to stay home. T I wouldn’t advise you to walk there alone. I I’d advise against staying.

advise /ədˈvɑɪz/ verb I/T to give advice to sb, or to suggest sth T I advised him to stay home. T I wouldn’t advise you to walk there alone. I I’d advise against staying. نصیحت کردن ، پیشنهاد کردن

Word formationadvice /ədˈvɑɪs/ noun U advise /ədˈvɑɪz/ verb I/T advisable /ədˈvɑɪ·zə·bəl/ adjective It’s not advisable to contradict him. advisability /ədˈvɑɪ·zə·bəlItI/ nounadviser advisor /ədˈvɑɪ·zər/ noun C She’s the chief economic adviser to the

president. advisory /ədˈvɑɪ·zə·ri/ adjective

simple /ˈsɪm·pəl/ adjective -er/-est only

simple /ˈsɪm·pəl/ adjective -er/-est only without unnecessary or extra things or

decorations; plain ≠complex


decorations; plain ≠complex a simple black dress


decorations; plain ≠complex a simple black dress simplicity /sɪmˈplɪs·ət m·i/ noun U


decorations; plain ≠complex a simple black dress simplicity /sɪmˈplɪs·ət m·i/ noun U What fascinated us was the simplicity and

usefulness of the design.



usefulness of the design. simply ˈsɪm·pli adverb



usefulness of the design. simply ˈsɪm·pli adverb He lived in a simply furnished apartment.

Word formationsimple /ˈsɪm·pə/l adjective -er/-est only easy to understand or do; not difficult or

complicated simply /ˈsɪm·pl/i adverb simplicity /sɪmˈplɪs·ət m·i/ noun U = ease simplify /ˈsɪm·pləˌfɑɪ/ verb T = make easysimplification /ˌsɪm·plə·fɪˈkeɪ·ʃən/ noun C/U