Middle EnglishMiddle English

 Survival of the fittest…WORDS!                              

Middle English InfluencesMiddle English Influences→ William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, William the Conqueror, the Duke of Normandy, invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxons in invaded and conquered England and the Anglo-Saxons in 1066 AD1066 AD

→ Until this point Latin had only been a minor Until this point Latin had only been a minor influence on the English language.influence on the English language.

→ Now there is an influx of Anglo-Norman (Romance) andNow there is an influx of Anglo-Norman (Romance) and French Words.French Words.

→ Old English + Latin influence + French influence= Old English + Latin influence + French influence= MIDDLE ENGLISHMIDDLE ENGLISH

Some Basics:

Middle English Vocabulary Middle English Vocabulary → FRENCH loan words:FRENCH loan words:

→ AdministrationAdministration-- authority, bailiff, baron, chamberlain, chancellor, authority, bailiff, baron, chamberlain, chancellor, constable, council, court, crown, duke, empire, government, liberty, majesty, constable, council, court, crown, duke, empire, government, liberty, majesty, messenger, minister, noble, palace, parliament, royal, servant, sir, tax, messenger, minister, noble, palace, parliament, royal, servant, sir, tax, treaty, tyranttreaty, tyrant

→ LawLaw-- accuse, adultery, advocate, arrest, arson, assault, attorney, bail, accuse, adultery, advocate, arrest, arson, assault, attorney, bail, blame, crime, evidence, felon, fine, fraud, heir, jail, judge, jury, justice, blame, crime, evidence, felon, fine, fraud, heir, jail, judge, jury, justice, perjury, prison, punishment, trespass, verdict, warrantperjury, prison, punishment, trespass, verdict, warrant

→ ReligionReligion- baptism, cardinal, cathedral, charity, clergy, confess, creator, - baptism, cardinal, cathedral, charity, clergy, confess, creator, crucifix, divine, faith, heresy, homily, immortality, incense, mercy, miracle, crucifix, divine, faith, heresy, homily, immortality, incense, mercy, miracle, prayer, sacrament, saint, salvation, temptation, trinityprayer, sacrament, saint, salvation, temptation, trinity

→ MilitaryMilitary- - ambush, army, battle, captain, combat, defend, enemy, guard, ambush, army, battle, captain, combat, defend, enemy, guard, lance, lieutenant, moat, navy, peace, retreat, siege, soldier, spylance, lieutenant, moat, navy, peace, retreat, siege, soldier, spy

→ Food and Drink-Food and Drink- appetite, bacon, beef, biscuit, confection, cream, date, appetite, bacon, beef, biscuit, confection, cream, date, dinner, feast, fig, fruit, grape, gravy, gruel, jelly, lemon, lettuce, mince, dinner, feast, fig, fruit, grape, gravy, gruel, jelly, lemon, lettuce, mince, mustard, olive, orange, oyster, pigeon, plate, pork, poultry, raisin, roast, mustard, olive, orange, oyster, pigeon, plate, pork, poultry, raisin, roast, salad, salmon, sardine, sausage, spice, stew, sugar, supper, taste, toast, salad, salmon, sardine, sausage, spice, stew, sugar, supper, taste, toast, veal, venison, vinegarveal, venison, vinegar

→ FashionFashion- apparel, attire, boots, brooch, buckle, button, cape, chemise, - apparel, attire, boots, brooch, buckle, button, cape, chemise, cloak, collar, diamond, dress, embroidery, emerald, frock, fur, garment, cloak, collar, diamond, dress, embroidery, emerald, frock, fur, garment, gown, jewel, lace, mitten, ornament, pearl, petticoat rove, satin, wardrobegown, jewel, lace, mitten, ornament, pearl, petticoat rove, satin, wardrobe

→ Leisure and the Arts-Leisure and the Arts- art, beauty, chess, colour, conversation, dance, art, beauty, chess, colour, conversation, dance, falcon, fool, harness, image, jollity, joust, juggler, lay, leisure, literature, falcon, fool, harness, image, jollity, joust, juggler, lay, leisure, literature, melody, music, noun, painting, paper, park, pavilion, pen, poet, prose, melody, music, noun, painting, paper, park, pavilion, pen, poet, prose, recreation, retrieve, rhyme, romance, sculpture, stallion, story, terrier, title, recreation, retrieve, rhyme, romance, sculpture, stallion, story, terrier, title, tragedy, trot, volumetragedy, trot, volume

→ Science and Learning- Science and Learning- alkali, anatomy, calendar, clause, copy, alkali, anatomy, calendar, clause, copy, gender, geometry, grammar, leper, logic, medicine, metal, ointment, pain, gender, geometry, grammar, leper, logic, medicine, metal, ointment, pain, physician, plague, poison, pulse, sphere, square, stomach, study, surgeonphysician, plague, poison, pulse, sphere, square, stomach, study, surgeon

→ Home- Home- basin, blanket, bucket, ceiling, cellar, chair, chamber, chandelier, basin, blanket, bucket, ceiling, cellar, chair, chamber, chandelier, chimney, closet, couch, counterpane, curtain, cushion, joist, lamp, lantern, chimney, closet, couch, counterpane, curtain, cushion, joist, lamp, lantern, latch, lattice, pantry, pillar, porch, quilt, towellatch, lattice, pantry, pillar, porch, quilt, towel

→ Nouns- Nouns- action, adventure, affection, age, air, city, coast, comfort, country, action, adventure, affection, age, air, city, coast, comfort, country, courage, courtesy, debt, deceit, dozen, envy, error, face, flower, grief, hour, courage, courtesy, debt, deceit, dozen, envy, error, face, flower, grief, hour, joy, labour, manner, marriage, mountain, noise, number, ocean, opinion, joy, labour, manner, marriage, mountain, noise, number, ocean, opinion, people, person, piece, poverty, power, quality, reason, river, scandal, people, person, piece, poverty, power, quality, reason, river, scandal, season, sign, sound, spirit, task, tavern, unity, visionseason, sign, sound, spirit, task, tavern, unity, vision

→ Adjectives- Adjectives- active, amorous, blue, brown, calm, certain, clear, common, active, amorous, blue, brown, calm, certain, clear, common, cruel, curious, eager, easy, final, foreign, gay, gentle, honest, horrible, large, cruel, curious, eager, easy, final, foreign, gay, gentle, honest, horrible, large, mean, nice, original, perfect, poor, precious, probable, real, safe, second, mean, nice, original, perfect, poor, precious, probable, real, safe, second, simple, single, solid, special, strange, sudden, sure, usual simple, single, solid, special, strange, sudden, sure, usual

→ Verbs- Verbs- advise, allow, arrange, carry, change, close, continue, cry, advise, allow, arrange, carry, change, close, continue, cry, deceive, delay, enjoy, enter, form, grant, inform, join, marry, move, obey, deceive, delay, enjoy, enter, form, grant, inform, join, marry, move, obey, pass, pay, please, prefer, prove, push, quit, receive, refuse, remember, pass, pay, please, prefer, prove, push, quit, receive, refuse, remember, reply, satisfy, save, serve, suppose, travel, trip, wait, wastereply, satisfy, save, serve, suppose, travel, trip, wait, waste

→ Phrases- Phrases- by heart, come to a head, do homage, do justice to, have by heart, come to a head, do homage, do justice to, have mercy on, hold one’s peace, make complaint, on the point of, take leave, mercy on, hold one’s peace, make complaint, on the point of, take leave, take pity ontake pity on

→ LATIN loan words that continue to be used today:LATIN loan words that continue to be used today:

→ Administration and Law-Administration and Law- alias, arbitrator, client, conspiracy, alias, arbitrator, client, conspiracy, conviction, custody, gratis homicide, implement, incumbent, legal, legitimate, conviction, custody, gratis homicide, implement, incumbent, legal, legitimate, memorandum, pauper, prosecute, proviso, summary, suppress, testifymemorandum, pauper, prosecute, proviso, summary, suppress, testify

→ Religion- Religion- collect, diocese, immoral, incarnate, infinite, limbo, magnificat, collect, diocese, immoral, incarnate, infinite, limbo, magnificat, mediator, memento, missal, pulpit, requiem, rosary, scripture, tractmediator, memento, missal, pulpit, requiem, rosary, scripture, tract

→ Science and Learning- Science and Learning- allegory, etcetera, comet, contradiction, allegory, etcetera, comet, contradiction, desk, diaphragm, discuss, dislocate, equator, essence, explicit, formal, desk, diaphragm, discuss, dislocate, equator, essence, explicit, formal, genius, history, index, inferior, innumerable, intellect, item, library, genius, history, index, inferior, innumerable, intellect, item, library, ligament, magnify, major, mechanical, minor, neuter, notary, prosody, ligament, magnify, major, mechanical, minor, neuter, notary, prosody, recipe, scribe, simile, solarrecipe, scribe, simile, solar

→ General- General- admit, adjacent, collision, combine, conclude, conductor, admit, adjacent, collision, combine, conclude, conductor, contempt, depression, distract, exclude, expedition, gesture, imaginary, contempt, depression, distract, exclude, expedition, gesture, imaginary, include, incredible, individual, infancy, interest, interrupt, lucrative, lunatic, include, incredible, individual, infancy, interest, interrupt, lucrative, lunatic, moderate, necessary, nervous, ornate, picture, popular, private, quiet, moderate, necessary, nervous, ornate, picture, popular, private, quiet, reject, solitary, spacious, subjugate, substitute, temperate, tolerance, ulcerreject, solitary, spacious, subjugate, substitute, temperate, tolerance, ulcer

SurvivorsSurvivorsabhominacion- abomination chestabhominacion- abomination chestabil- able bitterabil- able bitterabilite- ability deepabilite- ability deepaccident defenseaccident defenseache denounceache denounceamyable- amiable familier- familiaramyable- amiable familier- familiarbig fatbig fatcabinet fikel- fickle cabinet fikel- fickle calme- calm forestcalme- calm forestcandel- candle candel- candle

fortune peel fortune peel

frekel- freckle plite- plightfrekel- freckle plite- plighthail querel- quarrelhail querel- quarrelhappy rage happy rage helpless ramhelpless ramkingdom reclusekingdom recluselicour- liquor ryme- rhymelicour- liquor ryme- rhymeliht- light sameliht- light samemantel- mantle sermoun- sermonmantel- mantle sermoun- sermonmartyr slowe- slowmartyr slowe- slowmeschief- mischief slymeschief- mischief slyoffice smelloffice smelloffspring takingoffspring takingontill- until taleontill- until talepeas- peace tente- tentpeas- peace tente- tent

SURVIVORS!!SURVIVORS!!

trechery- treachery trechery- treachery unce- onceunce- onceunhappyunhappyuseuseussher- usherussher- ushervassalvassalvenymous- venemousvenymous- venemouswaswaswater water wormwormyistirday- yesterdayyistirday- yesterdayyouthe- youthyouthe- youth

Those Words That Were VOTED OFF:Those Words That Were VOTED OFF:achape encorsifeachape encorsifeaffrayen ermeaffrayen ermebiheste faunt biheste faunt caitif for-spent caitif for-spent capul gedelyngecapul gedelyngechekelew gipserchekelew gipserbaber-lipped lugulerbaber-lipped lugulercomynere lafecomynere lafedefless lare-fadirdefless lare-fadirdinten layking dinten layking edmod mamelyedmod mamely

The Tribe Has Spoken!The Tribe Has Spoken!

mennisscnesse tutelen mennisscnesse tutelen nameliche unkeuelennameliche unkeuelennoye waithnoye waithondful wankelondful wankelperen woseperen wosequeyntise yemerness queyntise yemerness quide quide raueynourraueynourredlicheredlichesanderbodessanderbodessellichsellichteolung teolung

Thank you for your help !Thank you for your help !