Old English PeriodMiddle English Period

Group IFoundation of Literature

arranged by:Audrey Yusi Anggraeni 0909053Fira Nursya’bani 0906856Luciyana Dwiningrum 0902428Riestia Handayani 0902434

Class : 2B2English DepartmentFaculty of Language and Fine Art EducationIndonesia University of Education

Old English Period

Old English Period

Old English or Anglo-Saxon is an earliest form of the English language that was spoken and written in parts of what are now England and South-Eastern Scotland between 5th century and 12th century. It is a West Germanic language. It also experienced heavy influenced from a member of the related North Germanic group of languages. Old English was not static and its usage covered a period of approximately 700 years from the Anglo-Saxon migration.

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4 Major Manuscripts

• The Junius Manuscript, also known as the Caedmon manuscript, which is an illustrated poetic anthology.

• The Exeter Book, also an anthology, located in the Exeter Cathedral since it was donated there in the 11th century.

• The Vercelli Book, a mix of poetry and prose; how it came to be in Vercelli, Italy, no one knows, and is a matter of debate.

• The Nowell Codex, also a mixture of poetry and prose. This is the manuscript that contains Beowulf.

3 Notable Periods Latin Influence

• The first occurred before the ancestral Saxons left continental Europe for Britain.

• The second began when the Anglo-Saxons were converted to Christianity and Latin speaking priests became widespread.

• The third and largest single transfer of Latin-based words happened after the Norman Conquest of 1066, when an enormous number of Norman words began to influence the language

Middle English Period

Middle English Period

Middle English was used between the late 11th Century and about 1470, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the introduction of the printing press to England by William Caxton in the late 1470s. That is the name given by historical linguist to the many forms of the English language. The variant of the Northumbrian dialect spoken in southeast Scotland was developing into the Scots language. The language of England as used up to 1650, is known as Early Modern English.

The 12th to 14th Centuries

It was also a literary language in England, the language of poets such as Chaucer and Langland, from the 12th to the 14th centuries, alongside Anglo-Norman and Latin. In the later 14th century, Chancery Standard (or London English) — a phenomenon produced by the increase of bureaucracy in London, and the concomitant increase in London literary output —introduced a greater conformity in English spelling. Although the fame of Middle English literature tends to derive principally from the later 14th century, with the works of Geoffrey Chaucer and of John Gower, a substantial body of literature survives from throughout the Middle English period. Early Middle English (1100-1300) has a largely Anglo-Saxon vocabulary (in the North, with many Norse borrowings).

Construction

With its simplified case-ending system, the grammar of Middle English is much closer to that of modern English than that of Old English. Compared to other Germanic languages, it is probably most similar to that of modern Dutch.

Chancery Standard

Chancery Standard was a written form of English used by government bureaucracy and for other official purposes from the late 15th century.The Chancery Standard was developed during the reign of King Henry V (1413 to 1422) in response to his order for his chancery (government officials) to use, like himself, English rather than Anglo-Norman or Latin.

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