The Age of Andrew Jackson Nationalism to Sectionalism1823 - 1860

Nationalism v. SectionalismNATIONALISMDevotion to ones countryPeople are willing to put interests of the nation before their own

vs.SECTIONALISMLoyalty to a region or areaPrimary concern is for what helps me the most

Jacksonian Democracy1820s Expansion of DemocracyStates dropped property qualifications to vote Universal adult white male suffrageRotation in office gave more people the opportunity to serve in governmentSpoils systemTo the victor belongs the spoilsAppointments were made on basis of political loyalties (not always on merit or ability)

National Nominating Convention replaced caucus as method to choose political party candidatesReturn of the 2-party system

Increased A White Mans DemocracySlavery existedWomen had no political or legal rightsNative Americans lost rights and land

Election of 1824All candidates were Republicans Only real issue in the campaign was the character of the candidates

The Results no majority in Electoral College!

Andrew JacksonTennessee 99 electoral votes(43% of popular vote)John Quincy AdamsMassachusetts84 electoral votes(31% of popular vote)William CrawfordGeorgia41 electoral votes(13% of popular vote)Henry ClayKentucky37 electoral votes(13% of popular vote)

Election to be decided by House of Representatives

Andrew JacksonTennessee 99 electoral votesJohn Quincy AdamsMassachusetts84 electoral votesWilliam CrawfordGeorgia41 electoral votesHenry Clay - eliminatedKentucky37 electoral votes

The Corrupt BargainDeal between JQ Adams and ClayClay would encourage his states to vote for Adams when the House of Representatives voted, if Adams would appoint Clay to be Secretary of State

Jackson supporters were outragedJackson had received the greatest number of popular votes and the greatest number of electoral votes, but Adams was chosen to be PresidentJackson supporters felt they had been robbed; vowed to get Jackson elected the next time

Election of 1828Andrew Jackson v. John Quincy AdamsOnly issue personalitiesJackson won after a campaign filled with mud-slinging and name callingRevolution of 18283 times the number of voters than in previous election

All Creation Going to the White House

Why was Andrew Jackson so popular?... The Peoples PresidentFrontiersman not from Virginia or MassachusettsCommon man could identify with him believed they had elected one of their own; lacked a formal educationWar hero Battle of New OrleansIndian fighter fought the Creek in Tennessee and the Seminoles in Florida

Jacksons CabinetOfficial CabinetPolitical new-comers; not much help to JacksonKitchen CabinetJacksons friends who met with him in the Kitchen of the White House; gave him honest, straight-forward advice

Issues in the Jackson Administration

Nullification and the Tariff

The Bank of the United States

Removal of the Indians

The Tariff and Nullification

OpinionsNorth supported to protect developing industries and jobsSouth opposed because it raised prices and few industries were located in the SouthWest sided with North; success tied to success of the NorthTariff of Abominations1828 High protective tariff lowered in 1832 but not enough to please some (South).

NullificationDefine: the act of canceling a law (usually a state canceling a national law)South Carolina Exposition and Protest written by J.C. Calhoun Expressed the states rights philosophy that if the states created the union the states had the right to decide whether or not to accept laws passed by the national government

South Carolina declared the tariff null & void in the state and warned they would secede from the Union if the national govt attempted to collect the tariff.FORCE BILLCongress authorized President Jackson to collect the tariff by using military force

Compromise Tariff of 1833Arranged by Henry Clay (The Great Compromiser)Gradually lowered the tariff over 10 year periodAccepted by all sides(But just to prove the point, South Carolina nullified the Force Bill)Andrew Jackson ignored SC action

The Bank of the United States

OpinionsNorth generally supported the BUS provided money for industrializationSouth generally opposed the BUS symbol of the wealthy & powerful central government; preferred local, state banksWest generally opposed the BUS didnt favor farmers

The Bank of the United StatesWhy was it the Monster?Powerful institution used by the wealthy and the industries to make a profitJackson hated the BUS and vowed to veto the re-charter when it came up in 1836

Why was the Bank charter rescheduled for 1832 (when it was originally scheduled for 1836)?To make it an election year issue for Andrew Jackson and force Jackson to take a stand; that was the only hope Clay had to defeat JacksonVeto lose support of NorthNot Veto lose support of South & WestWhat action concerning the Bank did President Jackson take?He vetoed the re-charter

What was the result of the Election of 1832?Jackson won by a wide marginSaw that as a sign from the people that they approved of his veto and he took steps to kill the BankJackson ordered the Secretary of the Treasury to remove govt deposits from the BUSPet BanksWere specially selected state banks that would hold the govt moneyMore sympathetic to farmers

Indian Removal

Indian Removal Policy1830 Congress passed the Indian Removal Act forced resettlement to the west of the Mississippi RiverCherokee Nation v. Georgia 1831 Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee were not a foreign nation and had no right to sue in federal court

Worcester v. Georgia 1832

Supreme Court ruled that Georgia law had no authority on Cherokee landNative Americans were not a state matter

Jackson refused to enforce the Courts orderJohn Marshall made his decision, now let him enforce itCherokee won the case but ended up losing the land and were force westward along what is known as the Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears

The Trail of TearsBy Robert Lindneux,1942

King Andrew the First