Lesson 11.3 – Nationalism and Sectionalism

Lesson 11.3 – Nationalism and Sectionalism

Today’s Essential Question: What caused

the growth of both nationalism and

sectionalism during the Madison and Monroe

administrations?

Vocabulary• transportation – whatever moves people or

goods from place to place• nationalism – strong feelings of pride, loyalty,

and protectiveness toward your country• sectionalism – placement of the interests of

one’ region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole

• administration – period of time during a president’s term of office

• compromise – settlement in which each side gives up part of what it wants to gain the rest of what it wants

Check for Understanding

• What is today’s Essential Question?• What form of transportation did you

use most recently? • Whose administration are we in right

now?• Which is more common today:

nationalism or sectionalism?• How can two friends compromise when

ordering a pizza to share?

What We Already Know

Men like Robert Fulton and Henry Shreve Miller had developed steam ships that opened much of the

nation’s interior to trade.


The Louisiana Purchase opened up land west of the Mississippi River to settlement, and Americans quickly began settling there.


As the plantation system spread westward into new areas, so too did

slavery.


America’s ability to stand up to the British during the War of 1812 caused a huge wave of national pride to

sweep across the country, even though the war itself

had ended in a draw.

After the War of 1812, a wave of nationalism swept across the United States.

After the War of 1812, a wave of nationalism swept across the United States.

• Nationalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward your country.

• Henry Clay, from Kentucky, was the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and a strong nationalist.

• Clay’s goal was to make the country stronger and more unified.

Clay’s plan to strengthen the country and unify its regions was based on making

the country more self-reliant.

“Every nation should anxiously endeavor to establish its absolute

independence, and consequently be able to

feed and clothe and defend itself. If it rely upon a foreign supply

that may be cut off . . . it cannot be Independent.”

-- Henry Clay

A ask B: Who was Henry Clay?


Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House of Representatives and a

strong nationalist leader from Kentucky.

Be sure to re-state the question in your response!

B ask A: What is nationalism?


Nationalism is the feeling of pride,

loyalty, and protectiveness toward

one’s country.


Nationalism Unites the Country

The goal of the plan, known as the American System, was to

make the country economically self-sufficient.

In 1815, President Madison presented a

plan developed by Henry Clay to

Congress.


Clay’s plan included three main actions:

• a system of protective tariffs• a national bank • a series of improvements to

the country’s transportation systems (roads and canals)

These are often referred to as internal improvements.

A ask B: What was the American

system?

The American System was Henry Clay’s plan to make the United States

economically self-sufficient.



The protective tariff made European

goods more expensive and

encouraged Americans to buy

cheaper American-made products.


A national bank would make trade easier by promoting a single currency.

In 1816, Congress passed a protective tariff and set up the second Bank of the United States.


Improving the country’s

transportation systems would contribute to a

strong economy, because poor roads made transportation

slow and costly.


B ask A: What were the three parts of Henry Clay’s American System?

The three parts of Henry Clay’s

American System were protective

tariffs, a national bank, and internal

improvements.

Be sure to re-state the question in your

response!

Get your whiteboards and markers ready!

17. How would each part of Henry Clay’s American System help the economy?

A. A system of tariffs protected American manufacturers from foreign competition.

B. New roads and canals helped businesses grow.

C. Jobs were created for former slaves. D. The new national bank helped standardize

the currency.

Choose the one that is NOT true!

Roads and Canals Link Cities• Between 1806 and 1841, Congress had funded

the construction of the National Road linking Cumberland, Maryland, to Vandalia, Illinois.

• Water transportation also improved between 1825 and 1850, which is often called the Age of Canals.

Check for UnderstandingA ask B: Why are the years from 1825 to

1850 often referred to as the Age of Canals?

The period was called the Age of Canals because so many canals were built during

those years.


• The Erie Canal created a water route between New York City and Buffalo, New York.

• Completed in 1825, the canal opened the upper Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region to settlement and trade.

Roads and Canals Link Cities• The first canal major canal project completed

was the massive Erie Canal.

The canal allowed farm products from the Great Lakes region to flow east and people

and factory goods from the East to flow west.

The Erie Canal stimulated nationalism.

Trade stimulated by the canal helped New York City become

the nation’s largest city.


18. What was the first major canal project in

the United States?

A. Baltimore and Ohio Canal

B. Panama CanalC. Main Road CanalD. Erie Canal

18. How did the Erie Canal help the nation grow?

A. It ended the West's dependence on the Mississippi River for trade.

B. It opened the upper Ohio Valley and Great Lakes regions to settlement and trade.

C. It made it easier for pioneers to travel to the Oregon Country.

D. It allowed more cotton to be shipped from the South to New England textile mills.

A New Way to Travel• Around the 1830s, the nation began to use

steam-powered trains for transportation. • In 1830, only about 30 miles of track existed in

the United States.

• By 1850, the number had climbed to 9,000 miles.• Improvements in rail travel led to a decline in the

use of canals.

By 1830, the nation was using steam-powered trains for transportation.

B ask A: In addition to canals, what other new form of transportation

was in use by 1830?


Improvements in rail travel led to a decline in the use of canals.


A ask B: How did improvements in rail travel affect canals?


The Era of Good Feelings

• As nationalist feelings spread, the people’s loyalty shifted away from state governments toward the federal government.

• Democratic-Republican James Monroe won the presidency in 1816 by a large majority.

The Era of Good Feelings

• The Federalist Party provided little opposition to Monroe, and it soon disappeared.

• This period without major political differences was called the Era of Good Feelings.


19. Why was the period after the War of 1812 known as the Era of Good Feelings?

A. The Federalists party had almost died out.

B. The country was no longer troubled by political differences.

C. The slavery question had finally been settled once and for all.

D. The United States had scored a clear victory over Great Britain.

Choose all that are true!

Settling National Boundaries• President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions

between the United States and Britain. • The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain

limited each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.

Settling National Boundaries• President Monroe used treaties to ease tensions

between the United States and Britain. • The Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) with Britain

limited each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.

• The Convention of 1818 set the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border as far west as the Rocky Mountains.

A ask B: How did the Rush-Bagot Agreement ease tensions between the

United States and Great Britain?

• The Rush-Bagot Agreement eased tensions between the United States and Great Britain by limiting each side’s naval forces on the Great Lakes.


B ask A: How did the Convention of 1818 ease

tensions between the United States and Great

Britain?

• The Convention of 1818 eased tensions between the United States and Great Britain by setting the 49th parallel as the U.S.-Canadian border as far west as the Rocky Mountains.


Settling National Boundaries• Spain and the United

States disagreed on the boundaries of the Louisiana Purchase and the ownership of West Florida.

• Pirates and runaway slaves used Spanish-held East Florida as a refuge.

• The Seminoles of East Florida raided white settlements in Georgia.

When Spain protested, Monroe suggested Spain could either

police the Floridas or turn them over to the

United States.

In 1817, President Monroe ordered General Andrew Jackson to stop the Seminole raids, but Jackson also went on to claim the Floridas for the United

States.

In the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819, Spain handed Florida to the United States and gave up claims to

the Oregon Country.

B ask A: What caused tensions to grow between

the United States and Spain?

Tensions grew between the United States and Spain

because they disagreed on the boundaries of the

Louisiana Purchase and the ownership of West

Florida.


At the same time nationalism was unifying the country, sectionalism was threatening

to drive it apart.

Sectional Tensions Increase



A ask B: What is sectionalism?

Sectionalism is the placing of the interests of one’s own region ahead

of those of the nation as a whole.


20. What is the difference between sectionalism and nationalism?

A. Sectionalism is loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country.

B. Sectionalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country.

C. Nationalism is loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country.

D. Nationalism is a feeling of pride, loyalty, and protectiveness toward one's country.

Choose TWO that are true!

The United States in 1820

• The Southern was relying more on cotton and slavery.

• In the Northeast, wealth was based on manufacturing and trade.

• In the West, settlers wanted cheap land and good transportation.

The interests of these sections were often in conflict.

Territorial expansion threatened national unity.

• At the time, the United States consisted of 11 slave states and 11 free states.


• At the time, the United States consisted of 11 slave states and 11 free states.

• This balance made it impossible for any national law banning slavery to pass in the Senate.


Southerners still worried that free states could form a majority in Congress and

ban slavery altogether.

Sectional Tensions Increase• Sectionalism became a major issue when Missouri

applied for statehood in 1817.• Adding Missouri as a

slave state would upset the balance of power in Congress.

• Northerners opposed its admission as a slave state while Southerners supported it.


21. How did territorial expansion lead to an increase in sectional tension?

A. Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state.

B. Maine wanted to enter the Union as a free state.

C. A line dividing territories into slave and free was established.

D. The Rush-Bagot Agreement made Florida part of the United States.

22. Why did Missouri’s application for statehood become a major issue?

A. Spain still claimed to own Missouri.

B. It would upset the balance of power between the free states and the slave states.

C. Strict constructionists claimed the Constitution did not allow states west of the Mississippi.

D. Its proposed state constitution contained a secession clause.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Missouri_territory.png

The Missouri Compromise

• Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, came up with a compromise that he hoped would reduce the sectional tensions.

• Clay suggested that Missouri be admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

The Missouri CompromiseClay’s plan, known as the Missouri Compromise, would keep the balance of power in the Senate

between the slave states and free states.

It also called for slavery to be banned from the Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36° 30',

Missouri’s southern border.


A. It divided Missouri into free counties and slave counties.

B. It limited the number of slaves that could be imported legally from Africa.

C. It kept the balance of slave and free states in the Senate by creating Maine as a free state.

D. It allowed Missouri to come in as a slave state, but banning slavery in the next state to enter the Union.

23. How did the Missouri Compromise resolve a conflict between the North and South ?

The Monroe Doctrine

The United States was

concerned by events in Latin

America.

The Monroe DoctrineSeveral European monarchies planned to help

Spain and Portugal regain the colonies which had successfully fought for their independence.

U.S. leaders feared that if this happened, their own government would be in danger.

A ask B: What was happening in Latin America during the Monroe

administration?


European monarchies were planning to help Spain and Portugal regain their colonies that had successfully fought for their independence.

The Monroe Doctrine• In December 1823, President Monroe issued a statement

that became known as the Monroe Doctrine. • He warned that efforts to

reestablish colonies would be seen as a threat to American peace and safety.

• He promised that the U.S. would stay out of European affairs.

• The Monroe Doctrine showed that the United States saw itself as a world power and protector of Latin America.


B ask A: What was the Monroe Doctrine?

The Monroe Doctrine was a statement of U.S. opposition to any European interference in the

Western Hemisphere.


B ask A: What promise did

Monroe make to European nations?

President Monroe promised that the

United States would stay out of

European affairs.




24. What was the main message of the Monroe Doctrine?

A. The United States would no longer honor the Treaty of Ghent.

B. The United States should annex Canada.C. Latin America was closed to further colonization

by Europe.D. The United States should annex Latin America.

24. To whom was the Monroe Doctrine directed?

A. Territories of the United StatesB. Latin American nationsC. European nationsD. Canada and Mexico

Documents

Lesson 11.3 – Nationalism and Sectionalism